O.C 


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ENGINEER  DEPARTMENT,  U.  S.  ARMY. 


GEOGRAPHICAL  AND  GEOLOGICAL  EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS 
WEST  OF  THE  ONE  HUNDREDTH  MERIDIAN. 

FIRST  LIEUT.  GEO.  M.  WHEELER,  CORPS  OF  ENGINEERS,  IN  CHARGE. 


.REPORT 


UPON 


ORNITHOLOGICAL  SPECIMENS 


COLLECTED   IN 


THE  YEARS  1871,  1872,  AND  1873. 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT    PRINTING    OFFICE. 
1874. 

LIBRARY 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 


OFFICE  OF  THE  CHIEF  OF  ENGINEERS, 

Washington,  D.  (7.,  June  27,  1874. 

SIE  :  Lieut.  George  M.  Wheeler  has  sent  to  this  office  reports  by  Dr. 
H.  C.  Yarrow  on  the  ornithological  specimens  collected  on  the  expedi- 
tions of  the  former  in  1871,  1872,  and  1873. 

I  have  respectfully  to  request  that  they  be  printed  at  the  Govern- 
ment Printing-Office,  and  that  1,500  copies  be  furnished  on  requisition 
from  this  office. 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

A.  A.  HUMPHREYS, 

Brigadier- General  and  Chief  of  Engineers. 
Hon.  WM.  W.  BELKNAP, 

Secretary  of  War. 

Approved  by  the  Secretary  of  War  : 

H.  T.  CROSBY, 

Chief  Clerlt. 
JULY  1,  1874. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


Alaudid* 19,35,37,45,64,121 

Alcedinidie 23,38,47,87 

Ampelidaj 12,34,43,77,106 

Anatidaj 31,38,52,69,94,146 

Annotated  list  of  the  birds  of  Utah g 39 

Ardeida3 30,36,52,146 

Caprimulgidse 23,35,47,67,88,128 

Cathartida? 26,49,91,140 

Certhiidse 41,73,100 

Charadrildaj 28,38,68,93,144 

Cinclidae 6,40,98 

Colurabidic ..27,49,68,92,140 

Colymbidaa 33,54 

Corvidrc 20,35,46,65,83,122 

Cuculidae ...24,47,132 

Cypselidse 23,47, 129 

Falcouidaj.... 25,36,38,48,67,91,137 

FringillidaB 13,34,37,43,60,78,108 

Gruidae .j [30,51,146 

Hirundinidae 11,37,42,60,75,104 

Icteridae 19,35,37,45,64,82,121 

Laniidse... , 13,34,37,43,60,78,107 

Laridse 33,38,54,147 

List  of  eggs  collected  in  1873 147 

List  of  nests  collected  in  1873 148 

List  of  sterna  collected  in  1873 148 

MeleagrididsB 36, 141 

Motacillidse 10,37,41 

Myiadestidae 43 

Paridae 7,37,40,57,72,99 

Pelecanidse 33,53 

Perdicida- 27,36,38,50,142 

Phalaropodida) 29,51 

1  'halacrocoracida? 53 

Picidje 24,36,48,67,89,133 

Podicipidaj 33,36,38,54,69,95 

Rallida; 31,36,51,69,94,146 

Rectirvirostridas '. 29,  36,  38, 51,  69, 93, 145 

Report  upon,  and  list  of,  birds  collected  in  1873 55 

Saxicolidte 7, 34, 40, 72, 98 

Scolopacidce 28,  36,  TO,  68, 93, 144 

SittidR'. 8,  34,  40, 72, 100 

Strigidsn 24,36,50,68,91,135 

Sylviidn- 7,  40,  57,  72,  'Jd 

Sylvicolidji'. 10,34,37,41,57,74,101 

^Synopsis  ol'  the  ,;j;cnus  .Junco ^ 113 


89354 


Tauagriche 13,  43,  60, 78, 107 

Tantalidte 30,36,51,146 

Tetraonidje 27,36,49,92,142 

Trochilidse 23,35,47,88,130 

Troglodytidse 8,34,37,41,57,74,100 

Turdidre 5,34,37,39,56,70,96 

Tyraimidao 21,35,38,46,65,85,124 

Vireonidge 12, 42, 77, 105 


UNITED  STATES  ENGINEER  OFFICE , 
EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  THE  IOOTH  MERIDIAN, 

Washington,  I).  (7.,  June  8,  1874. 

SIR  :  I  have  the  honor  to  submit,  with  the  letter  of  Dr.  H.  C.  Yarrow, 
the  inclosed  reports  upon  the  ornithological  specimenst  collected  by  this 
expedition  in  1871,  1872,  and  1873,  and,  in  view  of  the  reasons  urged  by 
him,  suggest  the  propriety  of  their  publication. 
Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

GEO.  M.  WHEELER, 
Lieutenant  of  Engineers,  in  charge* 
Brig.  Gen.  A.  A.  HUMPHREYS, 

Chief  of  Engineers. 


UNITED  STATES  ENGINEER  OFFICE, 
EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  THE  IOOTH  MERIDIAN, 

Washington,  D.  C.,  June  2,  1874. 

SIR  :  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  inclosed  reports  herewith,  and 
respectfully  suggest  that  it  is  of  the  utmost  importance  that  they  should 
be  published  at  the  earliest  practicable  moment,  in  order  that  this  expe- 
dition may  receive  its  due  share  of  credit  for  priority  of  discoveries 
therein  contained.  I  would  propose  at  first  to  issue  them  each  in 
pamphlet,  octavo,  which  may  be  readily  distributed  and  used  (should 
occasion  require)  in  compiling  later  the  quarto  volume  on  natural 
history. 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

H.  0.  YARROW, 

Surgeon  and  Naturalist  to  the  Expedition. 
Lieut.  GEO.  M.  WHEELER, 

Corps  of  Engineers. 


U  NITED  STATES  ENGINEER  OFFICE, 
EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  THE  IOOTH  MERIDIAN, 

Washington,  D.  (7.,  October  3,  1874. 

The  proofs  of  these  reports,  while  passing  through  the  press  during 
the  absence  of  the  authors  in  the  field,  were  corrected  by  Mr.  Kobert 
Eidgway,  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  to  whom  thanks  are  due  for 
his  kindness  in  this  regard,  and  who  revised  the  nomenclature  to  corre- 
spond with  the  latest  information  upon  the  subject. 

H.  0.  Y. 


REPORT  UPON  AND  LIST  OF  BIRDS  COLLECTED  BY  THE  EXPEDITION  FOR 
EXPLORATIONS  WEST  OF  THE  ONE  HUNDREDTH  MERIDIAN  IN  1872; 
LIEUT.  GEO.  M.  WHEELER,  CORPS  OF  ENGINEERS,  IN  CHARGE. 


By  Dr.  II.  C.  YARROW  and  HENRY  \V.  HENSHAW, 
FEBRUARY  15,  1873. 


The  following  report  upon  the  birds  of  Utah  and  Nevada,  collected 
by  the  expedition  under  Lieutenant  Wheeler,  is  based  upon  the  speci- 
mens taken  and  observed  during  the  mouths  of  July,  August,  Septem- 
ber, October,  November,  and  December,  1872. 

While  every  possible  facility  was  afforded  by  the  commanding  officer, 
it  is  much  to  be  regretted  that  more  time  could  not  have  been  spent  in 
a  closer  examination  of  the  habits  of  the  various  birds  seen,  and,  as  a 
consequence,  the  notes  must  necessarily  appear  somewhat  meager. 

It  should  be  taken  into  consideration  that  many  of  the  lines  of  travel 
were  over  an  almost  arid  waste  of  sand  and  sage-brush,  with  little  vege- 
tation and  less  water.  Under  such  circumstances  we  might  expect  to 
find  a  great  paucity  of  species  j  but  with  the  exception  of  those  varieties 
inhabiting  the  wooded  localities,  our  collection  will  be  found  to  repre- 
sent a  fair  proportion  of  the  western  forms,  our  list  numbering  no  less 
than  one  hundred  and  sixty-five  different  species. 

It  is  also  greatly  to  be  regretted  that,  owing  to  the  lateness  of  the 
season  at  which  the  field-work  commenced,  very  few  observations  as  to 
the  nesting-habits  of  the  birds  could  be  taken,  although  quite  a  num- 
ber of  eggs  were  secured.  It  is  hoped  that  the  discovery  of  several 
species  new  to  the  fauna  of  Utah  may  prove  of  some  value  to  our  pres- 
ent ornithological  knowledge. 

A  list  of  species  taken  during  the  expedition  of  1871  is  appended, 
together  with  a  complete  list  of  the  birds  of  Utah  as  far  as  known,  with 
annotations  by  Mr.  Henshaw,  assistant  naturalist.* 

The  classification  of  the  species  noted  is  substantially  the  same  as 
that  of  Professor  Lilljeborg,  of  Upsala,  (vide  Proceedings  Zoological 
Society  of  London,  January,  18G6,)  and  adopted  provisionally  by  the 
Smithsonian  Institution,  and  the  nomenclature  that  adopted  by  Dr.  E. 
Coues  in  his  Check-List  of  North  American  Birds. 

TURDID^E. 

lurdus  miyratoriiiS)  L. — llobin. 

Usually  found  in  the  neighborhood  of  settlements,  building  close  to 
houses,  and  exhibiting  the  same  sociability  as  in  the  East.  Very  com- 
mon at  Provo,  where  a  few  years  since  it  was  unknown.  Flocks  seen 
in  lieaver  Canon  in  September,  and  occasional  ones  in  the  canons  in 
December  ;  it  undoubtedly  winters  there  in  considerable  numbers. 

*  This  list  appeared  as  a  separate  paper,  and  was  printed  in  the  Annals  of  the  Lyceum 
of  Natural  History  of  New  York,  vol.  xi,  June,  1874. 


EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  TOOTH  MERIDIAN, 


Galeoscoptcs  carolinensis,  (L.) — Catbird. 

Common  in  settlements,  frequenting  the  thickets, 
same  in  the  East. 


Habits  and  notes 


Oreoscoptes  montanus,  (Towns.) — Mountain  Mocking-bird. 

Common  throughout  Utah  and  Eastern  Nevada.  Generally  found 
near  settlements  and  not  in  mountains;  rather  shy  and  difficult  to 
approach. 

Harporhynchus  crissalis  (?),  Henry. — lied- vented.  Thrush. 

When  within  a  few  miles  of  Saint  George,  the  southernmost  settle- 
ment of  Utah,  a  small  flock  of  curved  billed  thrushes  was  observed, 
supposed  to  be  of  the  species  above  named,  but,  owing  to  their  excessive 
shyness,  no  specimens  were  secured.  From  the  fact  that  Dr.  E.  Palmer 
found  these  birds  breeding  at  Saint  George,  there  seems  little  doubt  as 
to  the  identification. 

HaMtat. — Southern  Utah,  valley  of  the  Colorado,  and  Upper  Eio 
Grande. 


No. 

Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

la 

Turdus  rnigratorius  .   ... 

£ 

Beaver,  Utah  

Sept.  22 

H.  &  Y. 

Al 

do 

Alcoholic 

H.  &  Y. 

49 

Mi  in  us  carolinensis 

ft   inn 

Provo  Utah 

July  25 

H.  &  Y. 

141 

do 

9  ad 

do 

Auf      1 

H  &  Y. 

157 

Oreoscoptes  moutanus 

A  iun. 

Fail-field,  Utah 

An"-.     1 

Y. 

114 

do  

2    jun. 

Fountain  Green,  Utah. 

Aug.  20 

H. 

l  i  :? 

.  .  do            

A  iun. 

.  .  do  

Aug.  20 

H. 

143 

do 

$  ad. 

Salina,  Utah       ...   . 

Sept.    5 

H. 

156 

do 

9  ad 

Fail-field  Utah 

Aug.     1 

Y. 

171 

do  

$  ad. 

Panquitch,  Utah   

Sept.  17 

H. 

313 

do 

$  ad. 

Toquerville,  Utah 

Oct.    16 

H.  &  Y. 

A2 

do 

Alcoholic 

H.  &  Y. 

CINCLID2E. 

€  Indus  mexicanus,  Sw. — Water-Ouzel. 

Numerous  in  the  Provo  River.  One  specimen  taken  on  the  Beaver 
River  and  one  at  Fillmore.  Not  observed  elsewhere.  It  exhibits  little 
shyness,  permitting  the  close  approach  of  a  person,  who  may  watch 
its  interesting  movements  at  leisure.  Frequents  exclusively  the  vicinity 
of  rapids  and  falls,  where  it  is  to  be  seen  constantly  in  motion,  flying 
from  rock  to  rock,  and  wading  into  the  shallows,  searching  nervously  for 
•Crustacea  and  water-insects,  which  form  its  food.  The  movements  of 
its  body  are  very  peculiar,  and  consist  of  an  emphatic,  grotesque,  down- 
ward jerk,  constantly  repeated,  reminding  one  of  a  similar  motion  pecu- 
liar to  some  of  the  wrens,  more  particularly  the  Rock- Wren  (JSalpinctes 
obsoletus). 


No. 

Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

2- 

Cinclus  inexicanus 

9  iun 

Provo.  Utah 

July  31 

H. 

3 

do                           ... 

Juu. 

do  

Julv  31 

H. 

4 

do 

A  iuu. 

do  .                   .     ... 

July  31 

H. 

do  

$  jun- 

do  

July  31 

H. 

380 

do                 

£ 

Beaver,  Utah  

Nov.     7 

Y.  &  F. 

413 

do 

* 

Fill  more,  Utah 

Nov.  17 

H. 

REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


SAXICOLIDxE. 

arctica,  Sw. — Arctic  Bluebird. 
A  small  flock  of  migrants,  first  noticed  in  Eastern  Nevada  early  in 
August;  another  near  Guuuison,  Utah,  early  in  September.  From  this 
time  until  November  15  they  were  usually  noticed  in  small  detached 
companies  pursuing  their  way  southward.  Frequently  seen  hovering  in 
the  air  catching  insects. 

Sialia  mexkana,  Sw. — Western  Bluebird. 
But  a  single  specimen  seen  at  Fish  Springs,  Utah. 


No. 

Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

150 

Sialia  artica 

$  ad. 

Gunnison,  Utah 

Sept.    8 

H 

151 

do    

9  ad. 

do  

Sept.    8 

H. 

265 

.do 

/?  ad. 

Iron  City,  Utah  . 

Oct.      8 

H. 

387 

do 

0 

Beaver,  Utah 

Nov.    10 

Y  &H. 

Regulus  calendula.,  (L.) — Euby-crowned  Wren. 

A  few  individuals  seen  in  Middle  and  Southern  Utah  in  fall,  usually 
accompanying  flocks  of  the  Titmice  (Paridcc). 


No. 

Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 
/ 

Date. 

Collector. 

304 

Regulus  calendula 

9  ad 

North  Creek  Utah 

Sept   26 

H  &Y 

PARID^E. 

Par  us  atricapillus,  L.,  var.  septentrionalis,  Ilarris.  —  Long-tailed  Chick- 

adee. 

Common  in  cottoiiwood-groves  near  Provo  River  in  July  and  Novem- 
ber; not  seen  elsewhere.     Habits  and  notes  similar  to  eastern  variety. 


nwntamiS)  Gamb.  —  Mountain  Chickadee. 
Said  to  be  very  common  in  mountains  of  Utah,  but  during  entire 
season  only  three  individuals  were  perceived  and  captured  at  Fillmore. 

Loplioplianes  inornatus,  (Gainb.)  —  Gray  Titmouse. 

Numerous  in  scrubby  cedars  near  Iron  City  and  Beaver.     Seldom 
seen  in  companies  of  more  than  two  or  three,  and  more  often  singly. 

Psaltriparm  pluml)eus,  Bd.  —  Lead-colored  Tit. 

Found  in  same  localities  as  above,  but  always  in  large  flocks. 


8 


EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  IOOTH  MERIDIAN. 


No. 

Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

26 

Parus  var.  septentrionalis 

21U11 

Provo    Utali 

July     1 

H 

94 

do  

A  ad. 

..do  

Auff.     3 

H. 

25 

do          

9  ad. 

do  . 

Ana:.     3 

H 

142 

do 

A  iun 

do 

An  f      3 

H 

436 

..  do  

A 

do  

Nov.  25 

H.  &  Y. 

414 

Parus  rnontanus. 

Q 

Fillmore,  Utah 

Nov.   17 

H  &.Y 

415 

do 

0 

do 

Nov    17 

H  &  Y 

417 

do      

£ 

..do  

Nov.   17 

H  &Y. 

A3 

do 

Alcoholic 

H  &Y 

A4 

do  

do  

H.  &  Y. 

947 

Lophophanes  mornatus 

3 

Iron  City,  Utah   . 

Get       5 

H 

258 

do 

9 

do  . 

Oct       6 

H 

961 

do  

9  ad. 

....do  

Oct.      8 

H. 

969 

do  

A 

do 

Oct.      8 

H 

263 

do 

$  ad 

do 

Oct       8 

H 

964 

do  

9 

....  do  

Oct.      8 

H. 

3QO 

do 

A 

Beaver,  Utah 

Nov.   11 

Y  &  H. 

391 

do 

g 

do 

Nov    11 

Y  &  H 

399 

..  do  .               

/ 

do  

Nov.   11 

Y.  &  H. 

393 

do 

£ 

do 

Nov.   11 

Y  &H. 

394 

do 

0 

do 

Nov    1  1 

Y  &H 

3% 

.     .  do  . 

9 

do  

Nov.   11 

Y  &H. 

396 

do 

9 

do 

Nov    1  1 

Y  &  H 

397 

do 

A 

do 

Nov    11 

Y  &  H 

403 

do 

A 

Cove  Creek,  Utah 

Nov.   13 

Y  &H. 

238 

Psaltriparus  plumheus 

A 

Iron  City   Utah 

Oct       5 

II 

939 

do  

A 

.   do  

Oct.      5 

H 

240 

do 

0 

do  . 

Oct       5 

H 

241 

do 

f 

do 

Oct       5 

H 

949 

do                           .... 

A 

do  

Oct.      5 

H 

243 

do 

A 

do 

Oct       5 

H 

244 

do 

0 

do 

'  Oct       5 

H 

245 

do 

A 

do 

Oct.      5 

H 

246 

do 

0 

do  , 

Oct       5 

H 

3H6 

do  

g 

Beaver,  Utah  .  . 

Nov.   10 

H 

A5 

do 

Alcoholic 

II  &Y 

A6 

do  

do  

H.  &  Y. 

SITTtDJE. 

Sitta  carolinensiSy  Gm.,  var.  aculeata,  Cass. — Slender-billed  Nuthatch. 

Sitta  pygmcea,  Vig. — California  Nuthatch. 

Both  species  seen  upon  a  single  occasion  in  the  heavy  pine  timber  of 
the  Wahsatch  Mountains. 

TKOGLODYTID^E. 

Troglodytes  cvdon,  V.,  v&r.parJcmanni)  And. — Western  House- Wren. 

Seldom  seen  and  only  in  mountains;  frequents  brush-heaps  and  thick 
undergrowth.  Habits  about  same  as  eastern  variety  (cvdon}. 

Salpinctes  obsolete*,  (Say.) — Bock- Wren. 

First  seen  at  Gunnison,  Utah,  in  September;  and  from  this  point 
southward  a  gradual  increase  in  numbers  was  noted,  until  at  Toquer- 
ville  and  Saint  George  hundreds  were  seen,  chirping  cheerily  and  enliv- 
ening the  bleak  and  desolate  volcanic  rocks  with  their  agile  movements. 


REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


Catlierpes  mexicanus,  (Sw.),  var.  compersus,  Kidg. — White-throated  Wren. 
Apparently  rare  at  Toquerville,  at  which  place  a  few  specimens  were 
secured.  Like  the  preceding  species,  it  inhabits  the  volcanic  rocks,  and 
the  agility  and  celerity  of  its  movements,  as  it  springs  from  point  to 
point,  uttering  its  shrill  and  piercing  note,  is  truly  remarkable. 

Telmatodytes  pa-lusti'is,  (Wils.),  V9&. paludicola,  Bd. — Western  Long-billed 

Marsh -Wren. 

During  the  latter  part  of  the  month  of  July  these  interesting  little 
birds  were  to  be  seen  by  thousands  in  the  marshes  near  the  Provo 
liiver,  and  their  nests,  carefully  built  and  supported  in  the  rushes,  were 
perceived  on  all  sides. 

Cistothorus  stellaris,  (Licht.) — Short-billed  Marsh-Wren. 

This  bird  is  somewhat  rare  in  the  Eastern  United  States ;  and  its 
western  limit,  as  far  as  known,  being  the  Loup  Fork  of  the  Platte. 
While  at  Provo  we  received  undoubted  evidence  of  its  existence  in  the 
marshes  of  the  river,  where  it  lived  in  company  with  the  preceding 
species.  Although  no  individuals  AY  ere  actually  captured,  the  nests  and 
eggs  were  seen,  which  had  been  secured  in  this  locality. 

Thryothorus    beiclcJdij  (And.),   Arar.   leucogaster,   Gould. — White-bellied 
Wren. 

Individuals  occasionally  seen  in  the  southern  part  of  Utah,  and  seem- 
ingly equally  at  home  in  the  sparse  shrubbery  of  the  mountain-sides 
and  in  the  valleys. 

CampylorJiynchus  bninncicapillus,  (Lair. ) — Cactus-  Wren . 

A  single  individual  of  this  species  was  captured  a  few  miles  north  of 
Saint  George  in  October;  two  others  being  seen  at  the  same  time.  It  is 
believed  that  this  is  the  most  northern  locality  in  which  this  bird  has 
been  taken.  Although  not  chronicled  from  Arizona,  there  seems  to  be 
no  doubt  but  that  it  is  somewhat  abundant  there.  One  specimen  was 
secured  in  1871  by  Lieutenant  Wheeler's  party,  and  others  were  seen. 


No. 

Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

103 
164 

Troglodytes       avion,      v:ir. 
parkimiuni. 
.    -.    do 

o  Jan. 
$  ad 

Walisatch  Mountains, 
Utah. 
Otter  Creek    Utah 

Aug.  17 
Sept.  14 

Hi 
H. 

141 

Salpioctes  obsoletua 

9 

Gunnison,  Ut.ih    

Sept.     5 

r  H. 

285 

do  ...    . 

9 

Toquerville   Utah. 

Oct.    13 

H. 

288 

do 

* 

do 

Oct     13 

H 

^<> 

..  do 

+ 

do 

Oct     13 

II 

WO 

do  

> 

do 

Oct.     13 

H. 

89] 

do 

6 

do 

Ocl      13 

H. 

wq 

do 

0 

do 

Oct     13 

H 

300 

do  

A 

do  . 

Oct.    13 

H. 

305 

do 

9 

do 

Oct.    13 

H 

ggg 

do 

jp 

do 

Oct.    14 

H 

311 

do  

9 

do 

Oct.    16 

Y.  &  H. 

31? 

do 

9 

do 

Oct.    16 

Y  cV  II 

31ft 

.  do 

0 

do 

Ocl       17 

V  ^V   11 

319 

do 

f 

do 

Oct     17 

y  ^   II 

5W1 

do 

* 

do 

Oct.    17 

Y  &  H 

A  7 

do  .-  (skull  f). 

Alcoholic  

Y  \  H. 

A8 

do  .. 

...do  .. 

V.  A   II. 

10        EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF         TH  MERIDIAN. 


No. 

Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

284 

Catherpes.  var.  coiispersus 

9   ad. 

Toquerville,  Utah  

Oct.    13 

11. 

304 

do 

£  ad. 

do 

Oct.    15 

H. 

330 

do 

A 

do 

Oct.    20 

Y  &  H. 

83 

Telmatodytes,  var.  palustris 

$   ad. 

Provo,  Utah  

July  25 

Y.  &  H. 

84 

do 

A  ad. 

.  do  . 

July  30 

Y.  &  H. 

208 

do 

A 

Rush  Lake  Utah 

Oct.      2 

H. 

209 

.  do    .. 

$ 

do  

Oct.      2 

H. 

306 

do 

2 

Toquerville,  Utah 

Oct.    15 

H. 

959 

Thryotorua    bewickii,    var. 

$   ad. 

Iron  City,  Utah  

Oct.      6 

H. 

328 

leucogaster. 
do 

A 

Toquerville,  Utah 

Oct.    20 

Y.  &  H. 

356 

do 

0 

Washington.  Utah 

Oct.    23 

H. 

369 

Campylorhyuclms  brunnei- 
capillus. 

9 

Saint  George,  Utah  ... 

Oct.    27 

Y.  &  H. 

MOTACILLIDvE. 


Anthus  iudovicianus,  (Gm.) — Tit-Lark. 

Quite  common  in  the  latter  part  of  summer  and  in  fall  in  Eastern  Ne- 
vada and  Middle  and  Southern  Utah. 


No. 

Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date.    |  Collector. 

211 

Anthus  ludovicianus 

$iun. 

Rush  Lake,  Utah     

Oct.      2     H. 

354 

do  

$ 

Washington,  Utah  

Oct.    23     Y.  &  H. 

tt9 

do 

Alcoholic.  

Y.  &  H. 

SYLVICOLID^E. 

Dendroica  ccstiva,  (Gm.) — Yellow  Warbler. 

Very  abundant  at  Provo  in  July,  and  is  the  common  warbler  of  all 
the  settlements. 

Dendroica  audubonii,  (Towns.) — Auilurjon's  Warbler. 

First  seen  on  its  way  south  upon  the  foot-hills  near  Gnnnison  Valley. 
Afterward  met  with  at  different  points,  usually  in  small  flocks ;  its 
habits  and  call-notes  resembling  the  common  eastern  Yellow-rump 
Warbler. 

Geotlilypis  trichas,  (L.) — Maryland  Yellowthroat. 
Tolerably  abundant  at  Provo  in  July ;  rather  rare  at  other  points. 

Geothlypis Philadelphia  (Wils.),  var.  macgillivrqyi,  And. — MacGillivray's 

Warbler. 

Secured  in  mountains  of  Nevada  during  the  latter  part  of  August, 
where  it  appeared  tolerably  common.  Single  specimen  seen  in  Damill's 
Canon,  Utah,  in  August. 

Icteria  virens  (L.),  var.  longicauda  Lawr. — Long-tailed  Chat. 

Common  in  thickets  near  Provo;  shy  and  retiring  in  disposition. 
Also  noticed  in  Western  Utah  and  Nevada. 


REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


11 


Myiodioctes pusillus,  (Wils.) — Green  Black-cap  Flycatcher. 
Not  uncommon  in  Middle  Utah. 

Sctopliaga  ruticilla,  (L.) — Redstart. 
Rather  common  in  cottonwood-groves  near  Provo. 


No. 

Name. 

*,*. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

56 

Dendroica  u'stiva 

o  TUB 

1'rovo   Utah 

July  25 

H.  &  Y. 

l-)l 

do     

2  ad. 

do  

July   25 

H.  &  Y. 

144 

do 

$  juu. 

do  

July   30 

11.  &  Y. 

14.") 

do  - 

9  ad. 

do  

July    30 

II  it  Y 

A  10 

.  do     ...               

Alcoholic  

H.  &  Y. 

All 

do 

do  

H.  &  Y 

l.V> 

Deudroica  audtibouii 

f 

Guunison,  Utah 

Sept.     8 

H. 

via 

do 

f 

Mormon  Spriu0"  Utah 

Oct       3 

H 

217 

do 

A 

.do          

Oct.      3 

H. 

251 

do 

? 

Iron  City,  Utab. 

Oct.      6 

H. 

310 

do 

* 

Toquerville,  Utab  

Oct.    16 

H.  &  Y. 

07 

Gcotlilvpis  tiichas 

$   ad 

Provo,  Utab  . 

July  26 

H  &  Y. 

177 

do 

A  ad. 

Pa  IK  [Hitch,  Utab  

Sept.  17 

H. 

A  12 

do 

Alcoholic  

H.  &  Y. 

70 
A13 

Geothlypis,    var.    ruacgilli- 
vravi. 
do 

9   ad. 

Dam  ill's  Canon,  Utab  . 
Alcoholic               

Aug.   12 

H. 
H.  &  Y. 

20 

Icteria   var  lou°'icauda 

p   ad 

Provo  Utab 

July   27 

H  &  Y 

146 

,    do 

9  jun 

do  

Julv   27 

H.  &  Y. 

303 

Mviodioctes  pusillus  

$  ad. 

North  Creek,  Utah  

Sept.  26 

H. 

122 

Setopha^a  ruticilla 

$  ad 

Provo  Utab             *• 

Julv   '>() 

H  &  Y 

HIRUNDINIDJE. 

Hit-undo  horreorum,  Barton. — Barn-Swallow. 

Specimens  were  secured  both  in  Nevada  and  in  Utah  at  various 
points,  but  it  was  rather  uncommon.  Does  not  differ  in  any  respect 
from  the  eastern  variety. 

Petrochelidon  lunifrons,  (Say.) — Cliff-Swallow. 

Observed  in  Snake  Valley,  Nevada,  and  in  many  localities  in  Middle 
and  Southern  Utah,  living  in  colonies  and  building  their  nests  at  times 
in  inaccessible  places  in  lofty  cliffs,  and  again  in  places  but  a  few  feet 
above  the  plain. 

TacUycmcta  Ucolor,  (Y.) — White-bellied.  Swallow. 

Found  at  Fairfield  early  in  August,  and  at  Provo  in  same  month. 
1'ather  common. 

Cotyle  riparia,  (L.) — Bank-Swallow. 

By  no  means  as  numerous  as  the  following  species,  with  which  it  was 
found  associated  on  the  Provo  Iliver. 

Stelgidopteryx  serripennis,  (And.) — Kough  wing  Swallow. 

Exceedingly  abundant  on  the  Provo  River,  where  they  roost  in  large 
numbers  upon  the  dead  bushes  along  the  banks.  So  numerous  are  they 
and  so  closely  do  they  sit  huddled  together,  that  six  individuals  were 
secured  at  a  single  shot.  They  were  observed  on  the  wing  in  pursuit  of 
insects,  far  into  the  evening,  even  when  so  dark  that  they  could  with 
difficulty  be  distinguished.  Also  noticed  in  Western  Utah  and  Eastern 
Nevada. 


12 


EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  ]OOTH   MERIDIAN. 


Progne  suUs,  (L.) — Purple  Martin. 

Seen  in  the  vicinity  of  Salt  Lake  City  and  at  Camp  Douglass.  In 
the  middle  of  July  the  young  were  almost  able  to  take  wing.  Also 
seen  in  mountains  of  Middle  Utah. 


No. 

Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

50 

Hirundo  horreoruna  

$  ad. 

Provo,  Utah 

July  29 

H 

168 

do  

0 

Fairfield   Utah 

Aug      3 

Y 

PO 

Stelgidopteryx  serripennis.. 

$  ad. 

Provo,  Utah      

July   26 

H.  &Y 

89 

.  .  do  

$  ad. 

.do 

July  26 

H  &Y 

95 

do 

$  ad 

do 

July  26 

H  &Y 

91 

do 

2iun 

do 

July   26 

H  &Y 

167 

do                        .... 

u 

Fairfield,  Utah 

Auff.     3 

Y 

A14 

do 

Alcoholic 

H  &Y 

96 

Cotyle  riparia           . 

o 

Provo  Utah 

July  23 

H  &Y 

VIREONIDJE. 

Vireo  gilvus,  (V.),  var.  swa-inscni,  Bd. — Western  Warbling  Vireo. 

Probably  not  uncommon,  though  but  few  were  seen.  The  song  of 
this  bird  was  heard  and  appeared  identical  with  that  of  the  eastern 
variety. 

Vireo  solitarius,  (Wils.),  var.  plumbeus,  Cs. — Western  Solitary  Vireo. 

A  single  specimen  was  taken  in  August  near  Strawberry  Valley. 
Seen  nowhere  else  in  Utah. 


No. 

Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

61 

Vireo,  var.  swainsoni  

3  km. 

Wahsatch  Mts.,  Utah 

Auo-.  11 

H 

B 

do 

0 

Meadow  Creek  Utah 

Sept.  15 

Y 

95 

Vireo,  var.  plumbeus  

Jun. 

Wahsatch  Mts.,  Utah  . 

Au0".  16 

H. 

AMPELID^E. 

Myiadestes  townsendi,  (And.) — Townsend's  Flycatcher. 

Apparently  rather  rare,  not  being  seen  until  October  28,  when  three 
were  noticed  in  company  near  Pine  Valley.  Very  shy  arid  retiring, 
frequenting  the  hill-sides  covered  with  small  cedars,  the  berries  of  whidi 
constitute  the  major  part  of  their  food  in.  winter  when  the  ground  is 
covered  with  snow.  In  some  of  its  habits  and  motions  it  closely  resem- 
bles the  bluebirds  (Sialia).  Stationing  itself  upon  the  low  branches  of 
a  tree,  it  carefully  scans  the  ground,  and,  perceiving  an  insect,  suddenly 
darts  down  and  seizing  its  prey  bears  it  at  once  to  the  nearest  perch. 
Have  not  noticed  it  catching  insects  on  the  wing, 
always  in  winter,  but  this  fact  Avas  not  ascertained. 


It  is  said  to  sing 


No. 

Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

370 

Myiadestes  townsendi 

9  ad 

Pine  Valley  Utah 

Oct.    28 

Y.  &  H. 

402 

clo  

9  iun. 

Cove  Creek,  Utah  

Nov.  13 

Y.  &  H. 

REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 
LANIIDvE. 


13 


Collurio    ludovicianus,  (L.),    var.    exculjitor 'oides,     Sw. — White-rumped 

Shrike. 

Of  frequent  occurrence  throughout  Utah.  Subsists  largely  upon 
grasshoppers  and  insects,  but  occasionally  attacks  successfully  the 
smaller  species  of  birds  aiid  mice.  Seen  also  in  Eastern  Nevada. 

Collurio  bor calls,  (V.) — Great  Northern  Shrike. 

Specimen  taken  and  others  observed  late  in  the  fall  in  Southern 
Utah. 


No. 

Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

122 

Collurio,  var.  exculntoroides. 

$  jun. 

Fairview,  Utah  

Auo-.  22 

H. 

115 

do 

9  juu. 

Fountain  Green,  Utah 

An*'.  20 

H 

375 

do  

$  ad. 

Rush  Lake,  Utah  

Oct.    31 

H.  &  Y. 

410 

.  do  . 

$  ad. 

Fillmore,  Utah  

Nov.   15 

H. 

:W2 

Collurio  borealis 

$iun. 

Saint  George  Utah 

Oct.    25 

Y  &  H 

Al  5 

Collurio  excubitoroides 

Alcoholic 

TANAGRID;E. 

Pyranga  ludoviciana,  (Wils.) — Louisiana  Tanager. 

A  single  specimen  secured  at  Provo,  where  it  breeds.     Probably  not 
uncommon. 


No. 

Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

1?f5 

Pyranga  ludoviciana 

<?  ad. 

Provo  Utah           . 

July  29 

H  &Y. 

FRINGILLID^E. 

Carpodacus  frontalis,  (Say.) — House-Finch. 

Common  throughout  Utah  and  Nevada,  generally  near  the  settle- 
ments. Large  flocks  seen  at  Beaver,  in  the  middle  of  September, 
searching  beneath  weeds  for  seeds. 

Ckrysomitris  fm/is,  (L.) — Yellowbird. 
Common.     Seen  throughout  Utah  and  Eastern  Nevada. 

Chrysomitris  psaltria,  (Say.) — Arkansas  Goldfinch. 

Careful  search  was  made  for  this  species  in  July,  but  it  was  not 
observed  until  the  middle  of  September  in  Southern  Utah ;  at  this' 
place  occasional  small  flocks  were  seen  frequenting  the  tall  weeds  and 
sunflowers,  which  latter  plant  is  very  common  throughout  Utah  and 
Nevada;  its  seeds  furnish  a  nutritious  diet  for  the  roving  bauds  of 
Indians. 

Melospiza  melodia,  (Wils.),  var.  f alia x,  Bd. — Mountain  Song-Sparrow. 

Common  everywhere,  and  has  the  same  habits,  note,  and  song  as  the 
eastern  bird. 


14        EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  1QOTH  MERIDIAN. 

Melospiza  palustris,  (Wils.) — Swamp-Sparrow. 

A  single  specimen  taken  f  at  Washington,  Utah,  in  October.  This 
capture  affords  a  valuable  fact  as  far  as  regards  the  geographical  dis- 
tribution of  this  species,  as  it  has  never  before  been  taken  west  of  the 
great  plains,  its  western  limit  being  Eastern  Kansas.  This  being  the 
only  specimen  taken,  it  must  be  regarded  as  rare,  as  careful  search  was 
made,  and  hundreds  of  flocks  of  sparrows  (principally  Zonotrichia)  care- 
fully examined  with  a  view  to  finding  rarities,  the  fields  in  the  vicinity 
of  Washington  being  fairly  alive  with  these  birds. 

Melospiza  lincolni,  (And.) — Lincoln's  Finch. 

Apparently  rather  rare.  Several  specimens  were  taken  in  a  moist 
meadow  in  Grass  Valley,  Utah,  September  8,  and  a  pair  at  Toquerville 
in  the  middle  of  October. 

Spizella  pallida,  (Sw.),  var.  brewer 7,  Cass. — Brewer's  Sparrow. 

Common  on  the  "  benches "  near  Provo,  in  August.  At  this  time 
they  were  in  flocks,  preparatory  to  migrating. 

Spizella  socialis,  (Wils.),  var.  arizonce,  Cs. 

A  single  specimen  taken  in  Provo  Canon  in  August,  and  others  in 
the  Walisatch  range  of  mountains  during  the  migrations  in  September 
and  October. 

Spizella  monticola,  (Gin.) — True  Sparrow. 

A  few  individuals  met  with  at  Beaver  about  the  1st  of  November, 
and  was  found  common  at  Provo  in  December. 

Zonotrichia  leucophrys,  (Forst.) — White-crowned  Sparrow. 

A  female  and  young  bird  were  obtained  in  the  Wahsatch  Mountains 
in  August,  when  it  breeds  abundantly.  A  single  bird  was  obtained  in 
Southern  Utah  in  October,  in  a  large  flock  of  the  following  species. 

Zonotrichia  leucophrys,  (Forst.),  var.  intermedia,  Ridgw. — Western  White- 
crowned  Sparrow. 

Numerous  flocks  met  with  in  Southern  Utah  about  the  first  of  October, 
frequenting  the  neighborhood  of  small  streams.  At  this  time  the  pre- 
ceding species  appeared  to  have  departed  farther  south,  as  only  one 
specimen  was  secured;  Uucoplirys  appearing  to  be  replaced  by  intermedia, 
which  probably  winters  in  the  neighborhood  of  Saint  George. 

Poospiza  belli,  (Cass.),  var.  nevadensis,  Ridgw. — Sage-brush  Sparrow. 

Numerous  specimens  obtained  of  this  species,  which  was  first  seen 
near  Rush  Lake,  Utah,  October  o.  It  was  observed  in  small  migratory 
companies  of  from  three  to  ten,  frequenting  the  sage-brush  on  desolate 
plains.  Very  shy,  and  was  most  often  seen  running  with  great  agility 
among  the  bushes;  its  motions  being  so  quick  that  it  might  readily  be 
mistaken  for  a  mouse.  In  running,  its  long  tail  is  carried  in  a  perpen- 
dicular position,  in  this  respect  greatly  resembling  the  wrens.  No  notes 
were  heard  save  its  single  sparrow-like  chirp. 

Pocecoeles  grammeus,  (Gm.),  var.  confinus,  Bd. — Grass-Finch. 

Common  throughout  Middle  and  Southern  Utah  until  October,  and, 
like  the  preceding  species,  an  inhabitant  of  the  open  plains. 


REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS.  15 

Cotiirniculux  patwcrinHS,  (Wils.),  v&r. perpallidw,  Uidg.— Western  Yellow- 
winged  Sparrow. 
A  single  specimen  taken  in  a  canon  near  Salina,  Gunnison  Valley, 

September  7. 

Fasfierculus  saranna,  (Wils.),  var.  alaudinus,  Bp. — Lark-Sparrow. 

Couimon  throughout  Eastern  Nevada  and  Utah,  in  the  neighborhood 
of  moist  places. 

Junco  liyemalis,  (L.) — Black  Snowbird. 

Apparently  rare,  but  a  single  specimen  having  been  secured  at  Iron 
Springs  October  4.  Never  before  chronicled  from  this  locality. 

Junco  oregomis,  (Towns.) — Oregon  Snowbird. 

Met  with  in  large  flocks  in  Southern  Utah  about  the  middle  of  Octo- 
ber. Also  common  at  Provo  in  December. 

Passerella  toivnsendi^Aud.),  var.  schistacea,  Bd. — Slate-colored  Sparrow. 
A  single  specimen  secured  late  in  July  at  Provo,  Utah.     Not  seen 
elsewhere. 

Calamospiza  Mcolor,  (Towns.) — White-winged  Blackbird. 
Seen  only  in  Snake  Valley,  Nevada,  and  is  new  to  this  State. 

Chondestes  grammacctj  (Say.) — Lark  Finch. 

Common  throughout  Eastern  Nevada  and  Utah;  generally  found  near 
the  water-courses. 

Cyanospiza  amcena,  (Say.) — Lazuli  Finch. 

Very  common  throughout  the  Territory  of  Utah,  inhabiting  the  dense 
thickets  near  water-courses.  A  number  of  nests  were  found  at  Provo 
in  the  latter  part  of  July,  containing  either  young  or  eggs  just  ready  to 
hatch.  (Seen  also  in  Nevada.)  These  nests  were  all  built  upon  low 
thorny  bushes,  and  both  nests  and  eggs  resemble  those  of  the  Indigo 
Bird  (C.  cyanea}. 

Hedymeles  melanocepJialus,  (Sw.) — Black-headed  Grossbeak. 

Probably  common  throughout  Utah,  but  particularly  numerous  at 
Provo,  inhabiting  the  fringes  of  cottonwood  along  streams. 

Pipilo  maeulatuSj  Sw.,  var.  megalonyx  (Bd.) — Spurred  Towhee. 

Common  throughout  Nevada  and  Utah  in  thickets.  Fe\v  seen  at 
Provo  in  December. 

Pipilo  abertii,  Bd. — Abert's  Towhee. 

A  pair  of  these  birds,  which  are  not  recorded  from  any  locality  farther 
north  than  Arizona,  were  secured  at  Washington  and  Saint  George, 
Utah.  Apparently  not  uncommon  in  this  locality,  as  a  number  of  indi- 
viduals were  seen  in  hedges  and  scrub.  Shy  and  retiring  in  disposition, 
they  were  difficult  to  approach. 

Pipilo  cldorurus,  (Towns.) — Green-tailed  Finch. 

Rather  cominbn  in  brush  of  canons  and  mountain-sides  throughout 
Utah. 


16 


EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  IOOTH  MERIDIAN. 


No. 

Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

51 
53 

80 
123 
149 
150 
74 
101 
156 
157 
298 
299 
305 
237 
277 
303 
357 
358 
383 
412 
B5 
350 
155 
295 
9 
10 
35 
36 
38 
145 
178 
230 
B2 
B3 
B4 
153 
252 
71 
80 

214 
174 

172 
175 
173 

211 
212 
213 
215 
223 
224 
225 
227, 
226 
228 
229 
272 
253 
254 
255 
270 
271 
296 
316 
317 

Melospiza  melodia,  var.  fallax 
do 

2  ad. 
$  ad. 
$  ad. 
2  ad. 
$  ad. 
9  ad. 
<?jun. 
$  jun. 
9  juu. 
$ 
$ 
$  ad. 
$ 
$ 
$ 
9 
9 
9 
$ 
2 

Provo  Utah 

July  25 
July  25 
July  26 
July  29 
July  30 
July  30 
Aug.  12 
Aug.  17 
Sept.  10 
Sept.  10 
Sept.  25 
Sept.  25 
Sept.  26 
Oct.  5 
Oct.  10 
Oct.  15 
Oct.  24 
Oct.  23 
Nov.  8 
Nov.  16 

Y.  &  H. 
Y.&H. 
Y.&H. 
Y.&H. 
Y.  &  H. 
Y.  &  H. 
H. 
H. 
H. 
H. 
H.  &  Y. 
H.  &  Y. 
H.  &  Y. 
H. 
H. 
H. 
H.  &  Y. 
H.  &  Y. 
H.  &  Y. 
H.  &  Y. 
H.&  Y. 
H.  &  Y. 
H. 
H. 
H. 
H. 
Y.&H. 
Y.&H. 
Y.  &  H. 
H. 
H. 
H. 
H.  &  Y. 
H.  &  Y. 
H. 
H. 
H. 
H. 
H. 

£ 

H. 

H. 
H. 

H. 
H. 
H. 
K. 
H. 
H. 
H. 
H. 
H. 
H. 
H. 
H. 
H. 
H. 
H. 
H. 
H. 
H. 
Y.  &  H. 
Y.  &  H. 

do 

do              

..do  

do 

.do  • 

do 

do  . 

do           

.do    

do 

Damill's  Canon,  Utah  . 
Wahsatch  Mts.,  Utah.. 
Grass  Valley,  Utah  
do 

.do  

do             .           

do 

.do           

Beaver,  Utah  

do                 

do      .               . 

do 

North  Creek,  Utah.... 
Iron  Springs,  Utah  
do 

.do             .             

do 

..  do  

Toquerville,  Utah  

do                         

Washington,  Utah  
do 

do 

...  do  

Beaver,  Utah  

do                       .... 

Fill  more,  Utah 

do 

Alcoholic 

Melospiza  palustris  

$  ad. 
$  ad. 
<??juu 
$  jun. 
2  jun. 
$  ad. 
2  ad. 
$  juu. 
$  ad. 
2  ad. 
$ 

Washington,  Utah  
Grass  Valley,  Utah  
do 

Oct.  23 
Sept.  10 
Sept,  14 
Julv  31 
July  31 
Aug.  2 
Aug.  2 
Aug.  2 
Sept.  5 
Sept.  17 
Oct.  4 

Melospiza  lincolni 

do  

Spizella  pallida,  var.  breweri  . 
do 

Provo  Canon,  Utah  
do 

.do             

do  

do                      .    . 

do 

.  do  

Provo,  Utah  

do                              .     . 

Salina,  Utah       

do 

Panquitch  Utah  , 

do                    ....  

Iron  Springs,  Utah  

do 

do         

do  1  

Spizella  socialis,  var.  arizome. 
do  

$ 

$  ad. 
c?juu. 
2  ad. 

$  jun. 
$  ad. 

2  ad. 
2  jun. 
2  jun. 
$  ad. 
2  ad. 
$  ad. 
2  jun. 
$  ad. 
$   ad. 
$  ad. 
2  jun 
$  ad. 
2  jun 
<?jun 
$  jun 
$  ad. 
$  ad. 
2  jun 
$  ad. 
$  ad. 
2  jun 
2  juu 

2JOD 

Provo  Canon,  Utah  .  .  «  . 
Wahsatch  Mts.,  Utah., 
.do  

Aug.  11 
Sept.  8 
Oct.  6 
Aug.  12 
Aug.  13 

Oct.  3 
Sept.  17 

Sept.  17 
Sept.  17 
Sept.  17 
Oct.  3 
Oct.  3 
Oct.  3 
Oct.  3 
Oct.  4 
Oct.  4 
Oct.  4 
Oct.  4 
Oct.  4 
Oct.  4 
Oct.  4 
Oct.  4 
Oct.  6 
Oct.  6 
Oct.  6 
Oct.  10 
Oct.  10 
Oct.  14 
Oct.  16 
Oct.  16 

do 

Zonotrichia  leucoplirys 

Damill's  Canon,  Utah  . 
Strawberry       Valley, 
Utah. 
Iron  Springs,  Utah  
Pauouitch  Utah 

....  do    

do 

Zonotrichia  leucoplirys,  var. 
intermedia, 
do 

do                   .  . 

do                   ... 

do  

do 

do                   

do     

Iron  Springs,  Utah  
do        

do 

do 

do           

do              

...do  

do 

do  

do 

do            

do     .         .           ... 

.  .  do  

do 

do  

do  

do  

.  do    .                       

.do  

do 

do      

...  do  

Toquerville,  Utah  

do 

do  
.     .do      

.  do 

do 

do            

do                         

....do  .. 
....do  
....do  
....do  
..do  

do 

.do    

do  

..  do  .. 

REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


17 


No, 

Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

297 

Zonotrichia  leucophrvs,  var. 

$  jun. 

Tofjuerville,  Utab  

i  Oct.    17 

H. 

3->r> 

intermedia. 
.  do 

rf  iu  ii 

do 

Oct     19 

H  &  Y 

349 

do  

$  ad. 

Washington   Utab 

Oct     23 

H  *fc  Y 

352 

do     ... 

9  ad. 

do 

Oct     23 

H  &  Y 

366 

do    . 

9  jun 

do 

i  Oct     23 

H  &  Y 

364 

do  

$  ad. 

.   do 

Oct     24 

H  &  Y 

355 

do  

X  ad. 

do  . 

Oct     24 

H  &  Y 

P.f> 

do 

Alcobolic 

H  &  Y 

B7 

do  

....  do    . 

H  &  Y 

434 

Spizella  monticola  

9 

Provo,  Utab  

1  Nov.  25 

H. 

P>4 

do 

Alcobolic 

H  &  Y 

•221 

v>v>0 

Poospiza  bellii,  var.   neva- 
deusis. 
do 

9 
9 

Iron  Springs,  Utab  
do 

Oct.      4 
Oct       4 

H. 
H 

ggg 

do 

* 

do 

Oct       4 

H 

v>33 

...  do 

A 

do 

Oct       4 

H 

434 

do  

$ 

do  

Oct       4 

H. 

236 
935 

do  

do 

<?(*) 

9 

....do  

do 

Oct.      5 
Oct       5 

H. 
H 

314 

do  

$ 

Toquerville,  Utab 

Oct     16 

H 

375 

do    ,. 

3 

do 

Oct     16 

H 

325 

do 

* 

do 

Oct     19 

IH 

m 

do     .. 

? 

Saint  Geor°-e  Utab 

Oct     28 

Y  &  H 

172 

do 

g 

do 

Oct     28 

Y  &  H 

81 

100 

Po3ca?tes    gramineus,    var. 
confmis. 
do  

9  ad. 
9  jun. 

Strawberry       Valley, 
Utab. 
Panquitcb,  Utab 

Aug.  13 
Auo-.  17 

H. 
H. 

144 

do  . 

r?  iUU. 

Saliua,  Utab 

Sept     5 

H 

158 

.  do 

rt  iun 

Grass  Valley  Utab 

Sept  10 

H 

292 

do  

$  ad. 

Beaver,  Utab    . 

Sept.  24 

Y  &  H 

294 

do 

9  ad. 

Toquerville  Utab 

Oct     14 

H 

B8 

do  

Alcobolic  . 

H  &Y. 

149 

Coturniculus  passerinus  var 

2  iuu 

Gunnison  Utab 

Sept  •  7 

H 

1-23 

78 

perpallidus. 
Passerculus    savanna,    var. 
alaudinus. 
do 

9;jun. 

A  Iun 

Tbistle  Valley,  Utab.. 
Provo  Utab 

July  20 
July  26 

H. 
Y  &  H 

79 

do  

$  ad. 

.  ..do 

July  26 

Y  A:  H 

81 

do 

$  ad 

do 

July  26 

Y  &  H 

39 

do  

$  ad. 

....do  ..     .. 

Aue.     2 

Y  &  H. 

Ma 

do 

9  ad. 

do 

Aug.     2 

H 

40 

do 

$  ad 

do 

Auo-      2 

H  &  Y 

232 

Junco  hyemalis 

9  jun. 

Iron  Springs  Utab 

Ocf.      4 

H. 

V24 

Junco  oregouus 

* 

Toquerville  Utab 

Oct     19 

H  &  Y 

*28ffl 

do  

t 

do  . 

Oct.    19 

H  &  Y. 

153 

do 

9 

\Vasbin  o*ton  Utab 

Oct     23 

H  &  Y. 

435 

do  

$ 

Provo,  Utab  . 

Nov.  25 

H.  &  Y. 

460 

do  

£ 

do 

Nov.   29 

H.  &  Y. 

136 

Passerella   townsendi    var 

9  ad 

do 

Julv   20 

H  &  Y. 

21 

schistacea. 
Carpodacus  froutaiis 

$  ad. 

do 

Auf.     1 

II  &  Y. 

5« 

do 

o  iun 

do 

July  25 

11  ifc  Y. 

124 

do  

9  ad. 

do  

Julv  29 

H.  &  Y. 

41 

.do  

9  ad. 

do 

Au"1.     2 

H.  cV  V. 

!•> 

do 

£  ad 

do 

An"-      %2 

H  &  V 

176 

do  

0 

Panquitoh,  Utab    . 

Sept.  1? 

H. 

r>9 

do 

A  iun. 

Wasbinfton,  Utab 

Oct.    24 

H.  &  Y. 

;>96 

do 

9  iun 

Beaver,  Utab 

S.-jit.  2."> 

H  A-  V 

>Q7 

do 

g 

do 

Srpt.  25 

H  &  Y" 

W9 

do                  

9  jun. 

North  Creek,  Utab     .  . 

Sept.  26 

H.  &  V. 

'  !1 

do                                .   . 

9  jun. 

Iron  Springs,  Utab 

Oct.      4 

H. 

>56 

do 

$  ad 

Iron  Citv  I'tab 

<K-t.      (i 

H 

J57 

do         

9  Jim. 

do  

Oct.      6 

H. 

146 

do                            ...... 

$  ad. 

Washington,  Utah 

Oct.    23 

H.  &  Y. 

147 

do  

9 

do  

Oct.     23 

H.&T. 

2   O   S 


18        EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 


Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Carpodacus  froutalis  ....  .... 

9  juu. 

Washington,  Utah..... 

Oct.    23 

H.  &  Y. 

do 

Alcoholic  

H.  &  Y. 

Chrysomitris  tristris 

$ 

Provo,  Utah  

July  29 

H.  &  Y. 

do  
do                             

$  ad. 
(?  jnn. 

....do  
do  

July  30 
Dec.     I 

H.  &  Y. 
H.  &  Y. 

Chrysomitris  psaltria 

$  ad. 

Washington,  Utah  

Oct.    10 

H.  &  Y. 

do            .     .             

2  jun. 

do  

Oct.    10 

H.  &  Y. 

do 

A  iun. 

do  

Oct.    10 

H.&  Y. 

do 

rf  iun 

do  

Oct.    23 

H.  &  Y. 

do                     .       .  :  -  -  . 

2  juE- 

Saiut  George,  Utah  

Oct.    26 

H.  &  Y. 

do 

r?  iun. 

do  

Oct.    26 

H.  &  Y. 

do 

i  iuu. 

.     .do  

Oct.    26 

H.  &  Y. 

do                 .           .... 

$  juu. 

....do  

Oct.    26 

H.  &  Y. 

p  inn 

Provo  Utah 

July  24 

H  &  Y 

do        & 

9  jun 

do  

July   31 

H.  &  Y. 

do 

9  juu. 

do  

July  31 

H.  &,  Y. 

do 

/  iuu. 

....do  

Aug.     2 

H.  &  Y. 

do        

9  ad. 

....do  

Aug.     3 

H.  &  Y. 

do 

2  iuu. 

do  

Aug.     3 

H.  &  Y. 

Cyauospiza  aniGGua 

r?  ad. 

.     do  

July  29 

H.  &  Y. 

do          

2  ad. 

do  

July  2? 

H.  &  Y. 

do 

2  ad. 

do  

July  30 

H.  &  Y. 

do  

$  ad. 

....do  

Aug.     1 

H.  &  Y. 

do         

2  ad. 

do  

Aug.     1 

H.  &  Y. 

do 

2  ad. 

do  

Aug.  17 

H.  &  Y. 

do 

Alcoholic           

H.  &  Y. 

Hedymeles  melauocephalus 

i  inn 

Provo  Utah 

July  24 

H.  &  Y. 

do 

3  ad. 

..do  .. 

July  24 

H.  &  Y. 

do 

$  ad. 

do                     

July  29 

H.  &  Y. 

do  . 

2  iuu. 

do  

July  29 

H.&  Y. 

do 

2  iun 

do  

July  30 

H.  &  Y, 

do        

2  ad. 

do  

July  29 

H.&  Y. 

do 

2  juu. 

do  

July  29 

H.  &  Y. 

do 

j-  iun 

do        

July  29 

H.  &  Y. 

.do            

2  iuu. 

do  

July  29 

H.  &  Y. 

do 

2  ad. 

do  

July  30 

H.  &  Y. 

.  do  ,  . 

2  juu. 

....do  

July  30 

H.  &  Y. 

Pipilo  macultitus    var    DIG- 

$  ad 

do 

July  29 

H.  &  Y. 

galouyx. 
do        

2  ad. 

.  .  do  

July  29 

H.  &  Y. 

do 

2  ad. 

.do  

July  29 

H.  &  Y. 

do 

2  iuu 

do           

July  30 

H.  <fc  Y. 

do        

£  ad. 

...  do  

July  30 

H.  &  Y. 

do 

2  iun 

.do  

July  30 

H.  &  Y. 

do 

2  ad 

do           

Aug.     1 

H.  &  Y. 

.do         

A  ad. 

North  Creek,  Utah  

Sept.  26 

H.  &  Y. 

do 

$  ad. 

do  

Sept.  26 

H.&  Y. 

do 

$  ad 

Tor{uerville,  Utah.  .... 

Oct.    24 

H.  &  Y. 

do                 .           .... 

9 

Nov.  30 

H.  &  Y. 

do 

Alcoholic  

H.  &  Y. 

Pipilo  aberti  

$  jun. 

Washington*  Utah  

Oct.    22 

Y.  &  H. 

do 

2  iuu. 

Saint  George,  Utah  .  .  . 

Oct.    22 

Y.  &  H. 

Pipilo  clilorurus 

r?  ad. 

Wahsatch  Mts.,  Utah.  . 

Aug.  17 

H. 

do 

2  ad 

Gunuison  Utah...... 

Sept.    7 

H. 

do 

Juu. 

Meadow  Creek,  Utah.. 

Sept.  15 

Y. 

REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


19 


ALANDID.E. 


Eremophila  alpestris  (Forst). — Horned  Lark. 

The  young  in  nesting-plumage  obtained  in  Western  Utah  August  1, 
and  were  very  abundant  in  the  sage-brush  plains.  After  the  1st  of  Sep- 
tember frequently  met  with  in  small  scattered  flocks. 


No. 

Name.                         Sex.    |              Locality. 

Date.     Collector. 

158 

159 
100 
14-2 
143 

:*••?! 

Bll 

l^remopliila  alpestris 

$  jun. 
$  juu. 
«?jtin. 

$  juu. 
$  juu. 

$ 

Fairfield  Utah 

Aug.     1     Y. 
Aug.     1     Y. 
Aug.     1     Y. 
Sept.    5     H. 
Sept.    5    H. 
Nov.     7     Y.  &  H. 
Y  &  H. 

do       ;....               

...do  

do 

do 

do 

Gunuisou   Vta.li 

do    

do  

do  

do 

Beaver,  Utah  

Alcoliolic 

ICTEEIDJE. 

Doliclionyx  oryzivorus,  (L.) — Bobolink. 

leather  common  in  fields  in  the  vicinity  of  Provo,  Utah.  The  parent 
birds  were  noticed  feeding  their  young,  scarcely  fledged,  July  25. 

Molotlirus  pecoris,  (Gm.) — Cowbird. 
Two  specimens  secured  in  Provo  Canon  in  July. 

Agelaius  phceniceus,  (L.) — Red-winged  Blackbird. 

Exceedingly  numerous  in  the  marshes  throughout  Utah  and  Nevada. 
Immense  flocks  were  noticed  near  Provo  in  December.  This  and  the 
two  following  species  are  cordially  detested  by  the  farmers,  owing  to 
the  great  damage  done  to  the  crops. 

XanthocepJialus  icteroceplialus,  (Bonap.) — Yellow-headed  Blackbird. 

Large  flocks  seen  at  Provo  in  July  and  in  Eastern  Nevada  in  August. 
A  few  seen*  November  15  in  Middle  Utah,  associated  with  large  flocks 
of  Bed-winged  Blackbirds. 

Scolecopliagus  cyanoceplialus,  (Wagl.) — Brewer's  Blackbird. 

Most  numerous  of  the  blackbirds  ;  large  flocks  met  with  throughout 
Utah  and  Nevada,  frequenting  alike  fields  and  marshes.  An  albino  of 
this  species,  the  upper  parts  being  nearly  all  white,  was  seen  at  Beaver. 

jSturnella  magna,  L.,  var.  neglecta  And. — Western  Lark. 

Abundant  in  fields  near  settlements  throughout  Utah  and  Eastern 
Nevada.  Probably  resident  in  Southern  Utah. 

Icterus  bullocki,  (Sw.) — Bullock's  Oriole. 

A  single  individual  seen  at  Provo,  and  one  shortly  afterward  in 
middle  of  August  in  the  Wahsatch  Mountains.  Probably  migrates 
early,  as  nests  presumably  of  this  species  were  found,  but  no  bfrds  seen 
after  this  time. 


20        EXPLOKAT10NS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 


No. 

Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

72 

Dolichonyx  oryzivorus  

$  ad. 

Provo,  Utah  '.  

July   21 

H  &  Y. 

7 

Molothrus  pecoris  ..  .  .   ...  .. 

2  juii. 

Provo  Cailou,  Utah  .   . 

July  31 

H 

19 

do 

A  inn. 

do  , 

Au£T.       1 

H 

406 

Ao'elaius  phoeniceus  

$  ad. 

Cove  Creek,  Utah  

Nov.  15 

H.  &  Y. 

407 

do  .         .         .       ... 

$  ad. 

do  

Nov.  15 

H  &  Y 

408 

do 

$  ad. 

do 

Nov.   15 

H  &  Y 

461 

do  

$  ad. 

Provo,  Utah  

Nov.  30 

H.  &  Y. 

409 

Xanthocephalus       icteroce- 

$  ad. 

Cove  Ci'eek,  Utah 

Nov.   15 

H  &  Y 

30 

phalus. 
Scolecopha°"n3         cyanoce- 

91UD 

Provo  Utah 

An"-      2 

H 

32 

phalns. 
do 

A  inn. 

do  .. 

Au0".     3 

H 

31 

do 

9    inc.. 

do  , 

Auff.     2 

H 

46 

do  

(T   iun. 

do  

Au«-.     2 

H. 

165 

do 

$  ad. 

HarmonVj  Utah 

Sept    15 

H 

166 

do 

A  inn. 

do 

Sept    15 

H 

^>76 

.  do  .        .           

$  ad. 

Iron  City,  Utah  .  . 

Oct.    10 

H. 

291 

do 

$  ad. 

HarmoiiVi  Utah 

Sept.  15 

H 

995 

.  .  do    

9  ad. 

Beaver,  Utah  ..  

Sept.  25 

Y.  &.  H. 

363 

do 

$  ad. 

Cove  Creek,  Utah 

Oct.    26 

Y.  &  H. 

181 

Sturnella    rnafrua    var.  ue- 

9  iun. 

Panf[uitch.  Utah 

Sept    18 

H 

344 

glecta. 
.  do 

$  inn. 

Washington,  Utah 

Oct.    22 

H.  &  Y. 

351a 

do 

it   in  11. 

do 

Oct.    23 

H  &  Y. 

352 

.  .  do        

9  jttti- 

do  

Oct.    23 

H.  &  Y. 

COBVID^E. 

Corvus  corax,  L.,  var.  carnworus,  Bartr. — American  Raven. 

The  most  common  and  characteristic  bird  of  Nevada  and  Utah  ;  par- 
ticularly numerous  in  the  vicinity  of  cattle-ranges.  It  is  variable  in  its 
disposition,  at  times  very  shy  and  at  others  permitting  the  closest 
approach.  Not  generally  found  above  the  plains  and  foot-hills. 

Corvus  americamis,  Aud. — Common  Crow. 

Comparatively  rare;  met  with  only  at  Provo,  where  a  number  were 
seen  at  different  times.  Said  by  the  settlers  to  have  appeared  within  a 
few  years. 

Picicorvus  columMamts,  (Wils.) — Clark's  Crow. 

Not  observed  until  September  8,  when  a  pair  were  noticed  at  Otter 
Creek,  Middle  Utah.  From  this  time  until  the  middle  of  October  it 
was  seen  almost  daily,  singly  and  in  flocks.  It  was  invariably  on  the 
wing,  flying  from  side  to  side  of  the  mountains,  generally  to  the  numer- 
ous cedars,  and  uttering  its  peculiar  notes,  which  consist  of  a  succession 
of  short  rattling  cries.  Owing  to  its  singular  uneasiness,  almost  akin 
to  shyness,  none  were  secured.  Its  flight  is  undulating  and  its  habits 
much  resemble  those  of  the  woodpeckers  (Picidcc). 

Pica  melanoleuca,  Y.,  var.  hudsonica  Sab. — Magpie. 

Numerous  in  mountains  and  plains  of  Eastern  Nevada  and  Utah. 
Shy  and  difficult  of  approach.  Its  voice  is  singularly  flexible,  and 
capable  of  producing  a  variety  of  sounds,  from  the  guttural  chuckle  to 
the  softest  whistle.  Eesideut  throughout  the  year. 

Cyanurus  stelleri,  (Gm.),  var.  macrolopJia  Bd. — Long-crested  Jay. 

Apparently  confined  to  mountains  and  canons.  Specimens  taken  at 
Provo  in  Julv  and  November.  Winters. 


REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


21 


Cyauoc-itta  floridana,  (Bartr.),  var.  woodhousii,  Bd. — Woodliouse's  Jay. 

Common  and  somewhat  abundant  in  Nevada  and  Utah;  generally 
found  in  bushes  along  streams.  In  habits  and  notes,  little  or  no  differ- 
ence could  be  detected  from  those  of  the  Florida  Jay  (C.floridana). 

Gymnokitta  cyanocephala  Pr.  Max. — Maximillian's  Jay. 

Common  in  mountains  and  foot-hills  of  Nevada  and  Utah  in  the 
vicinity  of  cedars,  the  gum  of  which  in  all  the  specimens  taken  was 
found  adhering  to  the  feathers.  At  the  season  -when  taken,  September 
until  December,  strictly  gregarious. 


No. 

Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

•;~-> 

Corvus  carnivorus 

9  ad. 

Beaver,  Utab        .... 

Nov.     H 

11-2 
SO-? 

Pica  melanoleuca,  var.  bud- 
sonica. 
do 

<?  jun. 
$11111 

Fountain  Green,  Utab. 
Nortb  Creek,  Utab 

Aug.  20 
Sept.  26 

H. 
H.  &  Y. 

411 

do 

9  1un 

Fillmore   Utab 

Nov    16 

H  &  Y. 

5 

0 

Cyammis  stelleri,  var.  ma- 
crolopba. 
do 

9  Jim. 
£  iun 

Pro  vo  Canon,  Utab  
do 

July  31 
July  31 

H. 
H 

4'  5° 

.do            

$  ad. 

do      

Nov.   30 

H.  &  Y. 

41  ;M 

do 

9  ad 

do  . 

Nov.  30 

H.  &  Y. 

147 

Cvanocitta    floridana,    var. 

$ 

Giuinison,  Utab  

Sept.    7 

H. 

<>H 

woodhousii. 

do 

A 

Iron  City  Utab 

Oct.      5 

H. 

293 

do  

Beaver,  Utab  

Sept.  25 

Y.  &  H. 

960 

do 

f 

Fillniore,  Utab 

Sept.    4 

Y. 

31H 

do 

3 

Pine  Creek  Utab 

Nov    12 

Y  &H. 

:WQ 

do  .         .                   ... 

* 

.  do  

Nov.   12 

Y.  &  H. 

400 

.  do 

0 

do 

Nov    12 

Y  &H. 

401 

do  

A 

.  .  do  

Nov.   12 

Y.  &  H. 

4f>4 

.  .  do 

> 

Provo,  Utab 

Nov.   25 

Y.  &  H. 

950 

do 

> 

Iron  City  Utab 

Oct       6 

H 

985 

Gymuokitta  cvanocepbala 

9  ad. 

Beaver,  Utab   . 

Sept.  24 

Y.  &  H. 

86 

do 

9  ad. 

do 

Sept   24 

Y  &  H. 

87 
88 

do  

do  . 

$  ad. 

'*$  ad. 

....do  

do 

Sept.  24 
Sept.  24 

Y.  &.  H. 
Y.  &  H. 

376 

do 

$  ad. 

do 

Oct.    31 

Y  &,  H. 

77 

do  

A  ad. 

do  

Oct.    31 

Y.  &  H. 

78 

.  do 

9  ad. 

do 

Oct.    31 

Y.  &  H. 

?<) 

do 

A  ad 

do 

Nov      3 

Y  &  H 

TYRANNIDJG. 

Tyrannus  Caroline-mis,  (L.) — King-bird. 
Not  very  common,  except  in  the  vicinity  of  Provo  River,  where  it 

was  taken.  * 

Ty nonius  verticalis*  Say. — Arkansas  Flycatcher. 

Quite  common  at  Provo.  A  nest  found  on  end  of  cottonwood  limb 
projecting  over  the  water  was  composed  of  cottonwood-down  and 
grasses,  lined  with  a  few  hairs,  and  presenting  a  bulky  appearance. 
The  young  birds,  though  able  to  fly,  were  being  fed  by  their  parents  at 
this  date,  July  26. 

Emp-ulonax  pusillm  (Sw.) — Little  Flycatcher. 

Exceedingly  numerous  near  Provo  River  in  willow-thickets,  sparingly 
so  in  Eastern  Nevada.  Very  quick  and  nervous  in  its  movements,  con- 
stantly crossing  and  recrossing  the  river  and  catching  insects.  The 
single  "whit,"  which  is  ever  repeated,  is  strongly  suggestive  of  the 
note  of  the  Least  Flycatcher  (E.  minimum),  while  the  song  may  be  com- 


22        EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 


pared  to  that  of  the  eastern  Phoebe  (Sayornis  fuscus).  A  nest  found 
July  27  in  a  small  willow,  3  feet  from  the  ground,  was  a  rather  loose 
structure,  composed  of  grasses,  with  a  lining  of  a  few  hairs.  This  con- 
tained newly-hatched  young.  Eggs  white,  sprinkled  with  reddish- 
brown.  A  comparison  of  the  large  series  taken  shows  considerable 
variation  in  size,  especially  as  regards  the  bills. 

Empidonax  hammondiij  Bd. — Hammond's  Flycatcher. 

Two  specimens  only  secured,  one  from  near  Beaver  River,  and  the 
other  procured  by  Lieutenant  Hoxie  twenty-five  miles  from  Fillrnore, 
Utah.  This  gentleman  stated  that  he  saw  numbers  of  these  birds  in  a 
cave  in  company  with  swallows. 

Empidonax  obscurus,  (Sw.) — Wright's  Flycatcher. 

Two  specimens  secured,  one  in  Eastern  Nevada,  the  other  on  a  mount- 
ain-side near  Provo  covered  with  scrub.  Not  common. 

Contopus  boreaUs,  (Sw.) — Olive-sided  Flycatcher. 

Seen  upon  several  occasions  in  the  heavy  pine-timber  of  the  Wah- 
satch.  Seems  not  to  differ  in  coloration  from  eastern  specimens. 

Contopus  mrensr)  (L.),  var.  richardsonii  Sw. — Short-legged  Pewee. 
Seen  in  same  localities  as  preceding.    Apparently  rather  common. 


No. 

Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

48 

Tyraunus  carolinensis 

o  a(i 

Provo  Utah 

Julv  25 

Y  &  H 

57 

Tvrannus  verticalis  

$  ad 

...do  . 

July   26 

Y  &  H. 

70 

do  . 

9  ad 

do 

July  26 

Y  &  H 

103 

do 

$  ad 

do 

Julv  °7 

Y  &  H 

104 

.      do    

.     .do 

July  27 

Y  &  H 

35 

Empidonax  pusillus  

9  ad. 

do  

July  25 

Y.  &  H. 

36 

do  

9  ad 

do  

Julv  25 

Y.  &  H. 

37 

38 

do  
do  

$  ad. 

A  ad. 

....do  
do  

July  25 
July  25 

Y.  &  H. 
Y.  &  H. 

39 

do  

$  ad 

do    .  .     . 

July  25 

Y.  &  H. 

40 

do               . 

$  ad 

do 

July   25 

Y  &  H. 

41 

do  

$  ad 

....  do  

July  25 

Y.  &  H. 

42 

.do  

2 

do 

July  25 

Y.  &  H. 

43 

do 

9  ad 

do 

An"1      2 

H 

44 

do  

2  ad 

do  

July  25 

H.  &  Y. 

•  43« 

do  . 

$  &d 

do 

July  25 

H.  &  Y. 

48 

do  

$  ad 

do  

July  29 

H.  &  Y. 

49 

do  

$  ad 

.     .do  

An0".     3 

H. 

97 

do  

$  ad 

do  . 

Au0*.     1 

H. 

73 

do  . 

9  ad 

do 

July  26 

H  &  Y. 

74 

.  ..      do  

$  ad 

do  

July  26 

H.  &  Y. 

75 

do  .       -w 

$  ad 

do  . 

July  26 

H.  &  Y. 

75« 

""  *  

do 

$  ad 

do 

July  26 

H  &  Y. 

98 

do  

9  ad 

...do  

Aug.     3 

H. 

85 
190 

do  
do  

9  ad. 
9  ad. 

....do  
do  

July  29 
July  29 

H.&  Y. 
H.  &  Y. 

98 

do  

$  ad 

do  

July  27 

IT.  &  Y. 

151 

do            ... 

$  ad 

do  . 

Julv  30 

H.  &  Y. 

96 

do 

9  inn 

Wahsatch  Utah. 

Aug.  16 

H. 

970 

Empidonax  hammondii.  .  

* 

Beaver,  Utah 

Sept.  22 

Y.  &  H. 

r> 

do 

Cedar,  Utah 

Oct.    — 

Hoxie. 

62 

Enipidonax  obscurus 

Provo  Utah 

Au£.     9 

H. 

E 

do  

Snake  Creek,  Nev  

Aug.     9 

Y. 

73 

Contopus  borealis  .  .   ... 

9  ad 

Daniell's  Cafion,  Utah 

Aug.  12 

H. 

72 
133 

Contopus  virens,  var.  rich- 
ardsonii. 
do  

$  ad. 
$  ad. 

....do  

Wahsatch,  Utah  ...... 

Aug.  12 
Aug.  25 

H. 
H. 

REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS 
ALCEDINID^. 


23 


Cerylc  alcyon,  (L.) — Belted  Kingfisher. 
Common  on  streams  throughout  Utah. 


No. 

Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

87 

Cervle  filcyou 

$  ad 

Provo  Utah 

July  26 

Y  &  H. 

CAPRI3IULGID.E. 


Antrostomus  nuttallii,  (Aud.) — Poor-will. 
Several  individuals,  believed  to  be  of 


this  species,  were  seen  at 


various  times  in  Southern  Utah,  having  the  peculiar  flight  in  the  day- 
time which  is  characteristic.of  this  bird. 

Chordeiles popetue,  (Y.),  var.  lienryi  Cass. — Western  Night-Hawk. 

Very  common,  especially  in  Western  Utah  and  Eastern  Nevada. 
Unlike  our  eastern  species,  which  generally  commences  to  hunt  insects 
at  early  dusk,  this  bird  was  almost  invariably  seen  to  commence  its 
repast  between  three  and  four  in  the  afternoon. 

CYPSELID^E. 

Panypiila  saxatilus  (Woodh.) — White-throated  Swift. 

Noticed  on  one  occasion  only  while  passing  the  divide  between  Gun- 
nison  and  Grass  Valley.  Several  individuals  were  noticed  high  in  air, 
but  keeping  well  out  of  range. 

TROCHILID^E. 

Tfochilus  alexandri^  Bourc  and  Mais. — Black-chinned  Humming-bird. 

Observed  in  canons  in  Nevada  and  at  Provo>  where  it  was  very  num- 
erous, it  being  the  only  species  of  humming-bird  taken.  Quite  common 
throughout  the  Territory.  A  nest  found  at  Provo,  July  29,  contained 
two  eggs  nearly  hatched ;  it  was  placed  in  a  notch  of  a  cottonwood 
branch,  12  feet  from  the  tree,  and  formed  of  cotton  from  this  tree.* 


No. 

Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

T>q 

Trocbilns  alexandri 

9  ad. 

Provo  Utah 

July  29 

Y.  &  H. 

V>8 

do 

$  ad. 

do 

July  29 

Y.  &H. 

130 

do 

9  ad 

do 

July  29 

Y  &H. 

131 

do 

A  ad. 

do  

July  30 

Y.  &H. 

132 

do 

2111D. 

do 

July  30 

Y.  &H. 

*  It  may  Ite  mentioned  in  this  connection  that  while  traveling  over  an  Indian  trail 
leading  from  Long  Valley  to  Shonesburgh,  Southern  Utah,  a  pair  of  humming-birds 
were  noticed  at  the  bottom  of  a  canon  some  distance  below  the  trail.  At  this  distance 
they  appeared  on  the  back  of  a  greenish-yellow  color,  with  black  stripes  in  the  side  of 
the  individual  supposed  to  be  the  male.  An  effort  was  made  to  secure  them  but  failed. 
This  note  is  given  for  what  it  is  worth. — H.  C.  YARROW. 


24        EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 


CTJCULIDJE. 


Geococcyx  califormanus,  (Less.) 
Evidence  was  obtained  from 
George,  Southern  Utah. 


the  settlers  of  its  occurrence  at  Saint 


PICIDJE. 

Colaptes  mexicanus,  Sw. — Bed-shafted  Flicker. 

Owing  to  the  general  absence  of  timber,  none  of  the  Picidw  were  com- 
mon except  at  a  few  localities  among  the  mountains.  This  species  is 
very  generally  distributed  throughout  the  Territories  of  Utah  and  Nevada, 

At  Provo,  in  July,  but  few  individuals  were  seen,  but  in  December 
at  this  place  they  were  very  common.  Nests  often  seen  in  holes  in  banks 
of  streams. 

Spliyropiciis  varim,  (L.),  var.  nuchalis,  Bd.— Bed-throated  Woodpecker. 
A  pair  taken  at  Toquerville  in  October,  and  a  few  individuals  were 
seen  in  aspen-groves  in  the  Wahsatch  Mountains. 

Melanerpes  torquatus  (Wils.) — Lewis's  Woodpecker. 

A  single  specimen  taken  in  Beaver  Canon  in  September,  but  no 
doubt  this  and  the  preceding  species  are  common  in  the  heavy  timber 
of  the  mountains. 

Picus  villosusj  (L.),  var.  harrisii  Aud. — Harris's  Woodpecker. 
A  single  male  bird  secured  in  Grass  Valley  in  September. 

Picus  pubescens,  (L.),  var.  gairdner-i  Aud. — Gairduer's  Woodpecker. 

An  individual  believed  to  be  of  this  species  was  seen  at  Provo,  No- 
vember 27. 


No. 

Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

45 

Colaptes  mexicanus 

/$  inn 

Provo  Utah  . 

Auf.     3 

H 

360 

.do  

9  ad. 

Washington,  Utah  

Oct.    24 

H.  &  Y. 

468 

do  ,  

$  ad. 

Provo,  Utah       ...     . 

Nov.  30 

H  &Y 

469 

do 

$  ad 

do  , 

Nov.  30 

H  &Y 

486 

do  

A  ad. 

do  

Dec.      I 

H.  &  Y. 

283 
307 

Sphyropicus  varius,  var.  nu- 
ckalis 
do 

<?  joa. 

£    inn 

Toquerville,  Utah  
Yiro-in  City  Utah 

Oct.    13 
Oct     14 

H. 
Y 

*>6Q 

Melanerpes  torquatus 

£  iuu 

Beaver,  Utah 

Sept   22 

Y  A:  H 

160 

Picus  villosus,  var.  harrisii  . 

$ 

Grass  Valley,  Utah  

Sept.  10 

H. 

STEIGIDJE. 

Otus  vulyaris,  (L.),  var.  tvilsonianm  (Less.) — Long-eared  Owl. 

Probably  the  most  common  of  this  family.  A  colony  of  perhaps  a 
dozen  individuals  met  with  in  a  cedar-grove  in  Grass  Valley,  Eastern 
Utah,  in  September.  A  number  of  specimens  here  obtained. 

A  favorite  abode  of  this  species  appears  to  be  the  heavy  brush  found 
in  all  the  streams  issuing  from  the  mountains,  which  in  many  cases, 
indeed,  from  a  lack  of  heavier  timber,  constitutes  their  sole  resort. 


REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


25 


On  a  stream  near  Fillinore,  six  of  these  owls  were  taken  within  a 
radius  of  half  a  mile,  and  many  of  their  old  nests  being  seen,  there 
seems  no  reason  to  doubt  but  that  this  was  a  favorite  breeding-ground. 

tfpeotyto  cunicularia,  var.  hypugcca  Bp.  (Mol.) — Prairie-Owl. 

Seen  in  but  two  localities  in  Utah,  Dog  Valley  and  near  Pauquitch 
Lake.  Not  very  numerous-,  living  with  prairie-dogs. 


No. 

Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

IV) 

Otus  vulgaris,  var.  wilsoni- 
aiius 
do 

9  ad. 
d  &cl  J 

Grass  Valley,  Utah.... 

Sept.  10 
Sept   10 

H. 
H 

do 

d"  eld, 

Flllmove      -.  

Nov.    18 

H  &Y. 

4-;2 

do 

r?  ad. 

do 

Nov.  18 

H  &Y 

4-^ 

.do  ., 

^  act. 

Nov.   18 

H.  &Y. 

426 

.  do 

2  ad. 

.  C'O  , 

IM>Y.   18 

H  &Y. 

.....  ao            --.-:-.   ;      . 

H 

Fak'o  sparverius,  L. — Sparrow-Hawk. 

Very  common  in  Nevada  and  Utah.  Seen  frequently  in  the  mount- 
ains ;  subsists  largely  upon  grasshoppers. 

Xisusfuscus,  (Gm.) — Sharp-shinned  Hawk. 

Not  uncommon  in  Nevada  and  Utah.  A  beautiful  adult  pair  were 
taken  in  Beaver  Canon  September  24.  Upon  one  occasion,  while  watch- 
ing a  pair  of  doves  feeding  upon  the  ground,  a  female  of  this  species 
made  a  daring  and  successful  swoop  upon  one  of  them,  passing  within 
a  few  feet  of  the  observer's  head.  As  a  further  illustration  of  the  brav- 
ery and  hardihood  with  which  this  bird  pursues  its  prey,  it  may  be 
mentioned  that  one  was  observed  in  the  town  of  Pauq-uitch  eagerly 
pursuing  a  common  pigeon,  apparently  oblivious  of  the  presence  of 
spectators,  who,  for  some  time,  vainly  endeavored  to  drive  it  away. 
Such  was  its  determination  that  it  actually  followed  the  pigeon  into  a 
deserted  house,  but  was  finally  obliged  to  retire  without  accomplishing 
its  object. 

Buteo  borealis,  (Gm),  var.  calurus  Cass. 

A  fine  adult  female  was  secured  at  Otter  Creek,  Utah,  in  September. 
Observed  at  intervals  during  the  entire  season,  generally  in  the  mount- 
ains.* 

Archibuteo  lagopus,  (Bruin.),  var.  sancti-johannis  GUI. — Black  Hawk. 

Although  seen  several  times  in  the  mountains  during  the  summer? 
none  were  obtained  until  at  Provo,  where  it  was  the  most  numerous  of 
the  hawks.  At  this  place,  from  November  25  until  December  4,  no 
less  than  eleven  specimens  were  taken,  representing  the  bird  in  all 
stages  of  plumage.  On  foot  it  was  extremely  difficult  to  approach  this 
hawk,  but  it  could  be  ridden  up  to  with  ease;  most  of  the  specimens 
being  shot  in  this  way  from  the  back  of  a  mule. 

Utah  Lake  and  the  surrounding  marshes  attract  multitudes  of  water- 

"  It  may  be  mentioned  that  in  the  road  from  Saint  George  to  Beaver,  late  in  the 
i>;\^m,  several  Buteos  were  observed  not  calurus,  but  probably  allied  to  lineatus,  as  it 
resembled  it  in  form  and  flight. 


26        EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 


fowl,  and  this  undoubtedly  explains  in  part  the  abundance  of  hawks 
at  this  season,  since  wounded  and  disabled  ducks  must  form  no  incon- 
siderable part  of  their  food.  Its  manner  of  hunting  much  resembles 
the  following  species,  and  like  it  subsists  to  a  certain  extent  upon  mice, 
which  are  very  numerous  in  the  rushes.  In  the  stomachs  of  every  indi- 
vidual captured  was  found  the  remains  of  these  little  animals. 

Circus  cyaneus,  (L.),  var.  lindsonius  L.  —  Marsh-Hawk. 

Frequently  observed  in  the  lowlands  during  the  trip  nearly  as  abun- 
dant as  the  preceding  at  Provo  in  the  fall.  To  be  seen  at  all  hours  of 
the  day,  sweeping  over  the  tops  of  the  marsh-rushes  in  search  of  mice. 
In  several  instances  these  birds  were  decoyed  within  gunshot  by  the 
collector  hiding  in  the  rushes  ancj  ii^it^iHg  the  squeak  of  a  mouse. 

Haliaetus  leucoceplialus,  (L.)  —  Bald  Eagle. 
Of  frequent  occurrence  in  the  lowlands. 


Aquila  clirysaetos,  (L.),  var. 
Of  frequent  occurrence  in 


s-Ls-^Q  olden  Eagle. 


No. 

Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

97 

Falco  sparverius 

9  ad. 

Wahsatcli  Mts.,  Utah.. 

Auo-.  16 

H. 

268 

do 

$  ad. 

Beaver  Utah 

Sept.  22 

Y.  &  H. 

<>qo 

.do  

$  ad. 

do  

Sept.  24 

Y.  &  H. 

184 

Buteo  Iborealis  var.  calurus 

2  ad. 

Otter  Creek,  Utah  

Sept.  19 

H. 

284 

Nisus  fuscus                        . 

$  ad. 

Beaver  Creek  Utah 

Sept.  24 

Y.  &  H. 

301 

.  do  .           

9   ad. 

,...do  

Sept.  24 

Y.  &  H. 

472 

do 

o  -jnn. 

Provo,  Utah  

Nov.  30 

Y.  &  H. 

438 
446 

Archibuteo  saiicti-joliannis  . 
do             

$ 

A 

....do  
.do  

Nov.  26 
Nov.  27 

Y.  &  H. 
Y.  &  H. 

447 

do 

A 

do                        .     . 

Nov.  27 

Y.  &  H. 

448 

do 

21  tin 

do 

Nov.  27 

Y.  &  H. 

458 

do              .  .         .     . 

$  ad. 

do  

Nov.   30 

Y.  &  H. 

466 

do  

$  ad. 

do  

Nov.  30 

Y.&H. 

4^q 

do             

$  ad. 

do  

Nov.  25 

Y.  &H. 

437 

do 

ff 

do          

Nov.  26 

Y.  &  H. 

485 

do 

9  ad. 

do 

Dec.     1 

Y.  &  H. 

488 

do    .            

£ 

;  ...do  

Dec.     2 

Y.  &H. 

491 

do 

> 

do  

Dec.     3 

Y.  &H. 

439 

Circus    cy  aiieus    var     hud- 

$  ad 

Beaver  Utah 

Nov.  26 

H.  &  Y. 

440 

sonius. 
do 

A  inn. 

.  .  .  do  

Nov.  26 

H.  &  Y. 

470 

do 

9  ad. 

Provo  Utah          

Nov.   30 

H.  &  Y. 

482 

do  

if?  inn. 

do  1  

Dec.     1 

H.  &  Y. 

489 

do             .             .... 

A  iun. 

....  do  

Dec.     2 

H.  &  Y. 

CATHARTID-E. 

Ehinogryplius  aura,  (L.) — Turkey-Buzzard. 
Very  common  throughout  Nevada  and  Utah,  but  extremely  shy. 

Pseudogryphus  calif  or  nianus,  (Shaw.)— California  Vulture. 

A  very  large  vulture  seen  near  Beaver  November  25  was  believed  to 
be  of  this  species ;  in  company  with  the  R.  aura,  which  it  greatly  ex- 
ceeded in  size.  It  had  just  finished  a  repast  upon  the  carcass  of  a  horse. 


REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


COLUMBIDJE. 


27 


Zcnaidura  carolinensis,  (L,) — Common  Dove. 

Common  everywhere  ou  the  plains ;  occurs  sparingly  in  mountains. 
A  number  of  nests  were  found  near  Provo,  some  containing  young  fully 
fledged  July  30,  and  others  at  this  time  contained  eggs  5  while  in  other 
cases  the  nests  were  still  in  process  of  construction. 


No. 

Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

29 

Zenaklura  carolinensis 

$  ad. 

Provo  Utah 

Aue.     2 

H.  &  Y. 

37 

do 

$  ad 

do 

July  30 

H  &  Y 

47 
71 

do  

do  .. 

9   ad. 
9  ad 

....do  

do 

July  25 
July  26 

H.&  Y. 
H.  &  Y. 

302 

,     

do 

O   inn 

Tofjuerville  Utali 

Oct     15 

H. 

TETRAON1D-SJ. 

Cunace  obscunia,  Say. — Dusky  Grouse. 

Very  common  on  the  mountains,  and  singularly  unsuspicious  and 
stupid ;  often  allowing  an  approach  close  enough  to  strike  them  with  a 
stick. 

Ccntrocercus  urophasianus^  (Bp.) — Sage-Cock. 

Numerous  on  plains  and  in  mountain-valleys  about  8,000  feet  above 
water-level. 

Pedicecetes    phasianeUus,     (Linn.),      var.    columbjanus     Ord.  —  Sharp- 
tailed  Grouse. 
A  single  band  seen  about  the  middle  of  September  in  grassy  foot-hills 

near  Meadow  Creek,  Utah. 


No. 

Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

ill 

Canace  obscurua 

o  ad 

Hobble  Creek  Canon 

A  no-      9 

H 

fi9 

do  

JllD. 

Danville  Canon 

Auf    12 

H 

E 

do  .  . 

JllD 

do 

Ami-    12 

H 

PERDICID.E. 

Ortijx  virginianuS)  (L.) — Quail. 

A  number  of  pairs  of  this  bird  were  introduced  at  Provo  from  the 
East  a  few  years  since,  and  everything  would  seem  to  indicate  their 
rapid  increase.  In  July  the  call-notes  of  the  males  were  frequently 
heard,  and  a  number  of  bevies  were  seen  here  in  the  fall  near  the 
thickets  and  hedges.  They  are  carefully  protected  by  law,  a  heavy  fine 
being  imposed  for  their  destruction. 

Lopliortyx  gambeli,  Xutt. — GambeFs  Partridge. 

This  beautiful  species,  which  is  different  from  the  California  quail, 
although  called  such  in  Utah,  was  first  met  with  early  in  October  at 


28        EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF'  100TH  MERIDIAN. 


Harmony,  Southern  Utah,  in  large  numbers,  where  it  is  resident  all  the 
year.  The  young  two-thirds  grown  were  taken  at  this  place  October  9. 
This  locality  would  appear  to  be  about  its  northern  breeding-limit,  but 
information  was  received  of  the  occasional  appearance  of  these  birds  at 
Cedar  City,  some  thirty  miles  to  the  northward. 

From  Harmony  southward  it  was  found  even  more  abundantly,  fre- 
quenting the  grain-fields  and  vineyards  about  the  towns,  where  bevies  of 
even  one  hundred  were  not  infrequent. 

Being  rarely  disturbed,  it  is  quite  tame,  and  unless  closely  pursued 
seldom  takes  wing,  preferring  to  trust  to  its  speed  of  foot.  At  Har- 
mony many  bevies  habitually  roosted  in  the  heavy  brush  along  the  banks 
of  the  small  streams,  which  are  conducted  through  the  fields,  resorting 
thither  at  early  dusk  and  departing  about  sunrise  for  the  rocky  hills. 
For  rocky  ground  it  shows  great  preference,  and  when  flushed  in  the 
vicinity  of  such  invariably  betakes  itself  thither  for  concealment. 


No. 

Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

9fifi 

Lophortyx  gambeli       .     .   . 

$  ad 

Harmony  Utah 

Oct       9 

H. 

267 

do 

2  11111 

do 

Oct       9 

H 

968 

do  

9iu.li 

.do  

Oct.    10 

H. 

269 

.    do 

rt  inn 

do 

Oct.    10 

H. 

280 

do 

9  ad 

do 

Oct     11 

H 

989 

do    

$  ad 

do           

Oct.    12 

H. 

293 

do 

$  ad 

do 

Oct     14 

H. 

333 

do  

p  iuu. 

Washington,  Utah  

Oct.    22 

H.  &  Y. 

3-?3 

do    . 

$  ad 

Toqnerville,  Utah   . 

Oct     19 

H.  *fc  Y. 

338 

do 

0    ad 

AVashincrton  Utah 

Oct     22 

H  &  Y. 

339 

do  

9 

...do        

Oct.    22 

H.  &  Y. 

337 

do 

0 

do 

Oct     22 

H.  &  Y. 

343 

do  

$ 

do  

Oct.    22 

H.  &  Y. 

399 

do  

O  i  QU 

do        .             

Oct.    22 

H.  &  Y. 

33/1 

do 

$  ad 

do 

Oct     22 

H  &Y. 

353 

do  

$  ad. 

...do        

Oct.    22 

H.  &  Y. 

341 

do 

$  ad. 

do                      .   ..   . 

Oct.    22 

H.  &  Y. 

342 

do 

$  ad 

do 

Oct     22 

H  &  Y. 

335 

do  

£  ad. 

do             .. 

Oct.    22 

H.  &  Y. 

336 

do  

$  ad. 

....do  

Oct.    22 

K.  &  Y. 

CHARADRIIDJE. 

ialitis  vociferus,  (L.) — Killdeer. 
Found  extremely  numerous  in  Eastern  Nevada  and  in  the  vicinity  of 
Provo,  near  Utah  Lake. 


No. 

Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

45 

^Efialitis  vociferus 

$  ad 

Provo  Utah 

July  25 

Y  &  H 

46 

do  

$  ad. 

do  . 

July  25 

Y.  &  H. 

SCOLOPACID^E. 

Gallinago  wilsonii,  (Tenini). — English  Snipe. 

Common  in  marshes  in  Eastern  Nevada  after  the  middle  of  August. 
In  November  and  December  seen  at  Beaver  and  Provo  in  viciuitv  of 


REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


29 


warm  springs  in  numbers,  and  occasionally  even  running  along  the 
sandy  shores  of  streams,  in  this  respect  resembling  the  sandpipers. 
Winters  at  least  as  far  north  as  Provo. 

Macrorhamphw  griseus^  (Gin.) — Red-breasted  Snipe. 

Observed  at  Provo,  July  24,  and  probably  breeds  in  this  vicinity. 
Common  during  the  fall-migration. 

Tringa  minutilla,  V. — Least  Sandpiper. 
A  single  individual  taken  July  26;  few  only  seen. 

Eureiinctes  pmillus,  (L.)— Seniipaliuated  Sandpiper. 

We  are  indebted  for  a  single  specimen  of  this  bird  to  Mr.  G.  K.  Gil- 
bert, geologist  of  the  party,  who  obtained  it  at  Sevier  Lake,  Utah,  in 
September,  a  large  flock  being  seen  at  this  time. 

Gambettamel(tnokuca,((j[m.)~  Tell-tale -Stone-Snipe  or  Greater  Yellow-legs. 
Common  in  Nevada  and  Utah  during  the  fall-migrations. 

Tringoides  macularins,  (L.) — Spotted  Sandpiper. 
Breeds  near  Provo,  and  is  quite  common  in  all  the  streams. 

Xumenius  longirostris,  Wils. — Long-billed  Curlew. 

Very  numerous  in  sloughs  near  Fairfield,  Utah,  and  tolerably  com- 
mon in  Eastern  Nevada  near  small  lakes.  A  wounded  specimen  taken 
at  Fillrnore  in  November. 


No. 

Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

*•? 

Tringa  miriutilla 

$  ad 

Utah.  Lake 

July  26 

Y  &H 

177 
1*10 

Macrorhairiphtis  griseus  
.do 

2  ad. 
p  inn 

....do  

Rush  Lake  Utah 

July  24 
Oct       1 

Y.&H. 
H 

197 

4:^ 

Gambetta  melanoleuca  
Gallmafo  wilsonii  

9  juii. 
$  ad. 

Deep  Creek,  Utah  
Provo,  Utah 

Aug.  12 
Nov.  25 

Y. 
Y  &H. 

433 

.  .  clo 

$  ad 

do 

Nov.  25 

Y  &H 

94 

Tringoides  iiiacularius  . 

$iuii. 

...  do  

Julv  24 

Y  &H. 

E 

Eureunetes  pusillus 

Sevier  Lake  Utah. 

Sept.  — 

Gilbert. 

427 

Numenius  longirostris  

X  ad. 

Fillmore,  Utah  

Nov.   19 

Y.  &H. 

174 

do  

Fail-field,  Utah 

Auo-.     3 

Y 

PHALAROPODIDvE. 

tftt:gtuw2)U8  icilsonii,  (Sab.) — Wilson's  Phalarope. 
Seen  at  Great  Salt  Lake  in  July. 

RECURVIROSTRID^E. 

Recurvwostra  americana,  Gin. — American  Avooet. 

Numerous  in  August  at  Fairfield,  and  in  Eastern  Nevada,  and  pres- 
ent at  Eush  Lake,  Utah,  October  1,  in  large  flocks.  Very  sliy  and 
wary. 

Himantopus  nigricoUis,  V. — Black-necked  Stilt. 
Rather  common  at  Fairfield,  Utah,  in  August. 


30        EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 


No. 

Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

441 

Recurvirostra  auiericana  .  .  . 

$ 

Provo,  Utah  

Nov.   26 

Y.  &  H. 

C7 

Himautoptis  ni°Ticollis.  . 

Fairfield,  Utah 

Auo-.   — 

Y. 

G-RUIDJE. 


Grus  canadensiSj  Temin. — Sandhill-Crane. 

First  seen  at  Fisli  Springs,  Utah,  in  August.     Companies  of  two  or 
three  were  afterward  observed  on  the  plains  later  in  the  season. 

TANTALIDJE, 

Tantalus  loculator,  L. — Wood-Ibis. 

A  flock  of  eight  or  ten  individuals  seen  at  Bush  Lake  in  October,  and 
two  fine  specimens  secured. 

Ibis  guarauna  (Gm.) — Glossy  Ibis. 

Although  not  met  with,  it  is  well  known  to  gunners  in  the  vicinity  ot 
Utah  Lake  as  the  "  Black  Snipe," 


No. 

Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

901 

Tantalus 

loculator  

$  ad. 

Rush  Lake,  Utah  

Oct.      I 

H. 

202 

do 

9  ad. 

do  

Oct.      1 

H. 

ARDEID^E. 

Ardea  herodias,  L. — Great  Blue  Heron. 

Observed  as  common  at  Utah  Lake  and  Bush  Lake,  a  few  being  seen 
at  the  former  place  as  late  as  December. 

Herodias  egretta,  (Gm.) — White  Heron. 

A  single  individual  observed  near  Beaver,  Utah,  but  not  secured. 
From  information  received  it  is  probably  not  common  at  Prove,  though 
seen  there. 

Botaurus  minor,  (Gm.) — Bittern. 
Not  uncommon.    Two  specimens  secured  in  Southern  Utah. 

Nyctiardia  grisea,  (L.),  var.  nccvia  Bodd. — Night-Heron. 
Common  at  Provo,  where  it  was  seen  in  December. 


No. 

Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

167 

Botaurus  minor      ....  ...... 

9  ad. 

Pan  quitch,  Utah 

Sept.  17 

H. 

300 

do 

A  ad. 

Beaver.  Utah 

Sept.  24 

Y.  &H. 

168 

Nyctiardia  grisea,  var.  nae- 
via             

$iun. 

do  

Sept.  24 

Y.  &H. 

KEPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 
RALLTDJ2, 

Por.zana  Carolina,  (L.) — Sora  Eail. 

tiallus  I'irginianus,  L. — Virginia  Eail. 
Common  at  Provo,  the  latter  being  taken  in  November . 


Fitlica  americana,)  Gin.  —  Coot. 
Very  numerous  at  Bush  Like  in 

f 

September. 

X<>.                        Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

es 

454 
169 

Porzaua  Carolina 

.    2  inn. 

Utah  Lake,  Utah  -  -     - 

July  26 
Nov.  27 
Sept.  17 

Y.&H. 
Y.  &  H. 
H. 

Rallus  virgiuianus 
fulica  americana 

$  ad. 

Provo,  Utah 

f 

i  Pauciuitch  Utah 

ANATID^E. 

Anser  hyperboreus,  Pall. — Snow-Goose. 

Immense  gangs  of  this  bird  noticed  at  Ensh  Lake,  Utah,  in  early 
November. 

Branta  canadensis,  (L.) — Canada  Goose. 

Extremely  numerous  during  fall  and  early  winter  in  all  the  lakes  in 
Utah  ;  it  passes  the  nights  in  the  water,  returning  to  the  grain-fields  at 
daybreak  to  feed. 

Branta  bernicla,  (L.),  var.  niaricans  Lawr. — Black  Brant. 
Brant  were  seen  at  Bush  Lake,  supposed  to  be  of  this  species. 

Anas  boschas,  L. — Mallard. 

One  of  the  most  numerous  of  all  the  ducks  in  Nevada  and  Utah,  win- 
tering near  warm  springs.  Young  scarcely  able  to  fly  by  the  middle  of 
August. 

Anas  obscura,  Gm. — Black  Duck. 
Seen  only  at  Bush  Lake  in  November  (Yarrow). 

Dafila  acuta  (L.) — Sprig-  or  Pin-tail  Duck. 
Common. 

Nettion  carolinensis,  (Gin.) — Green-winged  Teal. 
Common  throughout  Nevada  and  Utah. 

Querquedula  discors,  (L.),  Steph. — Blue-winged  Teal. 
Not  nearly  as  common  as  preceding. 

Querquedula  cyanoptera,  (V.) — Bed-breasted  Teal. 

Breeds  in  great  numbers  in  the  marshes  of  Utah  Lake,  migrating 
south  very  early.  None  taken. 

Spatula  clypeata,  (L.) — Shoveler. 
Very  common. 


32         EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  JOOTH  MERIDIAN. 


Chaulelasmus  streperus,  (L.) — Gadwall. 

Few  only  seen  late  in  November  at  Provo. 
Marcea  americana,  (Gin.) — Baldpate. 

Numerous. 
Fuligula  mania,  (L.) — Greater  Blackhead. 

Rather  common. 

Fuligula  collaris,  (Donov.)— Eing-necked  Duck. 

Single  young  female  taken  at  Rush  Lake  in  September.  Probably 
migrates  south  comparatively  early  in  the  season. 

Fuligula  ferina^  (L.),  var.  americana  Eyton. — Redhead. 

But  few  seen. 
Bucephala  clangula,  (L.) — Golden  Eye. 

Numerous  in  Provo  River. 
Bucepliala  islandica,  (Gm.) — Barrow's  Golden  Eye. 

A  pair  of  these  ducks  were  taken  in  the  Provo  River  December  1. 
This  is  the  first  instance  of  the  discovery  of  this  bird  so  far  inland,  and 
to  the  southward.  Believed  not  to  be  uncommon,  as  gunners  distin- 
guish it  from  the  preceding  by  its  large  size. 

Bucepliala  albeola,  (L.) — Butter-Ball. 

Common. 
Erismatura  rubida,  (Wils.) — Ruddy  Duck. 

Rather  uncommon ;  taken  at  Provo  in  November. 

Fergus  serrator,  L. — Red-breasted  Merganser. 

Very  common. 
Fergus  cucullatus,  L. — Hooded  Merganser. 

Rather  common. 

NOTE. — The  observations  upon  the  foregoing  species  were  made  in 
Spring  and  Snake  Valleys,  Nevada,  and  Rush  Lake  and  Utah  Lake, 
Utah  ;  but  as  more  time  was  spent  at  Utah  Lake  than  at  the  other  points, 
it  may  be  assumed  that  the  notes  apply  more  particularly  to  this  locality. 


No. 

Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

171 

Anas  boschas 

9  ad. 

Fairfield,  Utah 

Auir.     3 

Y. 

124 

Nettion  caroliuensis  

9  ad. 

i  Thistle  Valley,  Utah  . 

Aug.  23 

H. 

193 

do              

A  iim. 

Deep  Creek,  Utah  

Auo-.   12 

Y. 

452 

do 

$  ad. 

1  Provo,  Utah 

Nov.   27 

II.  &  Y 

109 

Querquedula  discors  

9  ad. 

i  Thistle  Valley,  Utah  . 

Aug.    18 

H. 

F163 

do 

4 

1  Fairfield,  Utah  

Au«".     3 

Y. 

197 

Spatula  clypeata 

5 

Rush  Lake  Utah 

Sept.  30 

H. 

198 

do  .   

9  ad. 

;....do  

Oct.      2 

H.  &,  S. 

450 

jVIareca  americana 

$  ad 

i  Provo,  Utah  . 

Nov.   27 

H.  &  S. 

194 
203 

Fuligula  ferina,  var.  ameri- 
cana. 
do 

$  jun. 

ft  iun 

;....do  

i  Rush  Lake  Utah 

Nov.   27 
Oct.      1 

H. 
H.  &  S. 

430 

Bucepliala  islaudica 

$  ad 

1  Provo  Utah 

Nov.    11 

H.  &  8. 

4K3 

do  

9  ad. 

!  do  

Dec.     1 

H.&  S. 

490 

Bucepliala  clanfula 

$  ad 

\  .     do 

Nov.     2 

H.  &  S. 

431 

Bucepliala  albeola 

9  iun 

do 

Nov.   25 

H.  &  8. 

457 

do  

$  ad. 

do  

Nov.   25 

H.  &  S. 

203 

Fuligula  collaris 

3  iun. 

!  Rush  Lake  Utah   

Oct.      1 

H. 

453 

Erismatura  rubida 

A  iun 

;  Provo  Utah 

Nov.   27 

Y.  &  H. 

449 

Chaulelasnius  streperus  .  .. 

$  jun. 

...vdo  

Nov.   27 

Y.  &H. 

REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


33 


PELECANID^E. 

Pelecanus  eryflirorhynchus,  Gm.  —  American  Pelican. 

In  Stansbury's  report  of  Great  Salt  Lake  mention  is  made  of  large 
numbers  of  these  birds  being  seen  in  the  lake,  they  breeding  in  the 
islands  thereof.  In  July  but  few  were  seen,  and  we  are  informed  they 
no  longer  breed  there.  These  birds  were  seen  at  Utah  Lake  late  in 
July  sparingly,  and  in  September  on  the  sloughs  of  the  Sevier. 

LARID^E. 

Larus  delawaremis,  Ord.  —  Ring-billed  Gull. 

Common  on  the  lakes  throughout  Utah.  Cumbers  seen  on  the  Provo 
Eiver  late  in  November  when  the  lake  was  frozen. 

Sterna  forsteri,  Kutt.  —  Ha  veil's  Tern. 
Common  at  Utah  Lake,  where  it  only  was  seen. 

Hijdroclielidon  fissipes,  Gr.  —  Short-tailed  Tern. 
Only  two  individuals  seen,  at  Utah  Lake  in  July. 


.  —  Stansbury  also  mentions  the  occurrence  of  numerous  gulls 
in  Salt  Lake:  these  of  late  years  have  greatly  decreased.  Several 
gulls  were  seen  but  not  identified. 


No. 

Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

467 

Lams  delawarensis 

2 

Provo  Utah 

Nov.  30 

Y  &  H. 

12 

Sterna  forsteri 

o  ad 

do 

July  24 

Y  &  H 

13 

do 

9  ad 

do 

July  24 

Y  &  H 

14 

do 

$  ad. 

do 

July  24 

Y  &  H 

15 

.do     

$  ad. 

.do  

July  24 

Y.  &  H. 

16 

do    .                . 

A  ad. 

do 

July  24 

Y  &  H. 

17 

do 

$  ad 

do 

July  24 

Y  &  H 

18 

do  

9  ad. 

.do        

July  24 

Y.  &  H. 

19 

do 

9  ad. 

do 

July  24 

Y  &  H. 

COLYMBID.E. 

Colymbus  torquatus,  Bruim. — Great  Northern  Diver. 
Said  to  be  rather  common  at  Utah  Lake*. 


PODICIPIDJE. 

Podiceps  occidentalis^  Lawr. — Western  Grebe. 

Common  on  Utah  Lake.     One  specimen  secured. 
Podiceps  cornutuS)  Lath. — Horned  Grebe. 
Podilyiiibiis  podiceps,  Lawr. — Carolina  Grebe. 

Few  of  the  former  and  many  of  the  latter  seen  at  Ixiisli  Lake  in 
September. 


No. 

Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

31 

Podiceps  occideiitulis    ...  

Ad. 

Utah  Lake,  Utah  .   . 

July  24 

H.  &S. 

3  o  s 


34        EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 


LIST   OF   BIBDS   COLLECTED   BY   LIEUT.  G.  M.  WHEELER'S 

EXPEDITION,  1871. 

The  following  list  of  birds,  collected  in  1871  by  Mr.  Bisclioff  and 
other  members  of  the  party,  will  be  found  to  represent  some  species 
whose  geographical  distribution  has  been  greatly  increased  in  the  past 
two  years.  There  are  four  species  new  to  the  fauna  of  Nevada ;  they  are 
Campylorliynclms  brunneicapillus,  Phainopepla  nitens,  Guiraca  ccerulea,  and 
Tantalus  loculator.  The  specimens  were  nearly  all  secured  in  Arizona 
and  Nevada,  and  it  is  greatly  to  be  regretted  that  fuller  notes  cannot 
be  given,  the  MSS.  of  Mr.  Bischoff  having  been  destroyed  by  fire. 
When  we  take  into  consideration  the  extreme  barrenness  of  the.localities 
visited,  and  the  difficulties  under  which  the  collections  were  made,  we 
cannot  help  thinking  that  a  great  deal  has  been  accomplished ;  for,  not- 
withstanding the  small  number  of  specimens  secured,  88  in  all,  no  less 
than  64  species,  many  of  them  rare,  are  represented  in  the  collection. 
What  with  the  ornithological  labors  of  Dr.  Coues  in  Arizona,  those  of 
Lieutenant  Wheeler  in  the  same  Territory,  Nevada,  and  Utah,  and  of 
Messrs.  Allen  and  Eidgway  in  the  latter  Territory,  American  orni- 
thology has  certainly  received  a  new  impetus  and  acquired  many 
valuable  facts  heretofore  unknown. 

List  of  birds  collected  l)ij  Lieutenant  Wheeler's  expedition  in  1871. 


Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

TURDIDJS. 

Oreoscoptes  rnontanus 

Nevada 

Jime  20 

Bischoff. 

Mimus  caudatus     .  ,  ......  ....  ...... 

9  ad. 

Arizona  

Nov.   30 

Do. 

SAXICOLIDJE. 

Sialia  arctica                                  .   .... 

$  ad 

Nevada 

June  20 

Do. 

SITTID^E. 

Sitta  pv^mcpji                 .  ...  ...  .   .. 

A  ad. 

Nov.   14 

Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 

Do  

$  ad. 

....do  

Nov.   14 

Do. 

Do      

$  ad. 

do  

Nov.   14 

Do. 

TROGLODYTID^E. 

Campvlorhynchus  Ixrunneicapillus  . 

Ad. 

Nevada  

Aug.   14 

Do. 

SYLVICOLID^E. 

Dendroica  ffistiva            ...   .....  . 

$  ad. 

do  

Aug.     9 

Do. 

AMPELIDuE. 

Phainopepla  nitens 

Jim. 

do  ,  

Aug.     6 

Do. 

LANIID  J3. 

Collurio  excul>itoroides  

Do 

Ad. 

Ad. 

...do  
do  

June     1 
Sept.  19 

Do. 
Do. 

FRIXGILLID^E. 

c?  ad 

do  

Sept.    8 

Do. 

Pocecetes  confiuis  

Coturniculus  nernallidus  .. 

5  ad. 
1  ad. 

....do  
...do  -- 

June  20 
Rent.    8 

Do. 
Do. 

REPORT   UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL   SPECIMENS.  35 

Listofblrds  collected  by  Lieutenant  Wheeler's  expedition  in  1871 — Continued. 


Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Melospiza  hermanni 

Ad. 

Arizona      ..  . 

Sept     8 

Do 

Ad. 

do  

Sept.    8 

Do 

Zonotrichia  leucophrvs       ...... 

3  ad. 

Bull  Run,  Nevada 

May    25 

Do 

Zouotrichia  intermedia 

Ad. 

Nevada 

Oct     30 

Do 

$  ad. 

do  

Do 

Do                            

Jun. 

do  

Do 

Hedymeles  melanocephalus 

$  ad 

Bull  Run,  Nevada 

May    25 

Do 

$  ad 

Nevada 

Auir      9 

Do 

Cyanospiza  amcsna              ..  .  ...  .. 

A  ad. 

Bull  Run,  Nevada 

May   25 

Hoffman 

Do 

$  ad 

do 

May    25 

Bischoff 

Do            

$  ad. 

do  

May   23 

Hoffman 

Cordinalis  ifneus 

$  ad 

Arizona  ...  .. 

Nov.   30 

Bischoff 

Pyrrhuloxia  sinuata 

A  ad 

do        . 

Nov    30 

Do 

Pipilo  chlorurus             ...  ........ 

A  ad. 

Bull  Run,  Nevada 

May   23 

Hoffman 

Do 

9  ad 

do 

May   24 

Do 

Do     ,  

9  ad. 

do  

June  24 

Bischoff 

ALAUDID/E. 

Eremophila  alpestris 

$  ad 

Nevada 

June  10 

Do 

ICTERID^E. 

Icterus  bullockii  

$  ad. 

do 

June     4 

Do 

Xantliocephalus  icterocephalus 

$  ad 

Halleck  Nevada 

May    14 

Do 

Do  

A  ad. 

do  

May    14 

Do 

Do   ...                      ... 

$  ad 

do 

May    14 

Do 

Do  

A  ad. 

do  

May    14 

Do 

Do         

$  ad. 

do 

May    14 

Do 

Do   ... 

$  ad 

do 

May    14 

Do 

Do  

$  ad. 

do 

May    14 

Do 

Do             .... 

$  ad 

do 

May    14 

Do 

Do 

$  ad 

do 

May    14 

Do 

Do..  

$  ad. 

do 

May    14 

Do 

Do 

$  ad 

do 

May    14 

Do 

Do  

9  ad. 

do 

May    14 

Do 

Do  

Jun 

do 

May    14 

Do 

CORVIDyE. 

$  ad. 

Arizona 

Nov.   20 

Do 

Do  

$  ad 

do 

Nov    20 

Do 

Cyanocitta  woodhousei  

9  ad. 

Nevada 

Sept.    6 

Do 

Picicorvus  columbianus.  ........     

Ad. 

do 

JUly     

Do 

Gymuokitta  cyauocephala 

Jun 

do 

Sept      8 

Do 

TYRANNISE. 

Tyrannus  verticalis  

9.  ad. 

do 

May    25 

Do 

Do  

Ad 

do 

May    25 

Do 

Do  

Jun 

do 

Sept    14 

Do 

Do  

$  ad. 

California 

Ana-.   16 

Do 

Contopus  borealis  .. 

£  iun 

Nevada 

Auo-    16 

Do 

Empidouax  pusillus  .. 

9  ad. 

Humboldt  River, 

May    31 

Do 

Einpidonax  obscurus  

9  ad 

Nevada. 
Bull  Run  Nevada 

May    25 

Hoffman 

Do   

Ad 

Nevud'i 

Bischpff 

CAPRmuLGinj;. 
Chordeiles  henryi  

9  ad 

do 

\n<r      9 

Do 

TROCHILIDJ;. 
Stellula  calliope  .. 

2  ad. 

...do  .. 

May    25 

Do. 

36        EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 
List  of  lirds  collected  l)\j  Lieutenant  Wheeler's  expedition  in  1871 — Continued. 


Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector 

PICID^E. 

Splivropicus  nuclialis  .       .         ...... 

$  ad. 
$  ad. 

$  ad. 

Arizona  

Oct.     31 
Nov.  20 

May    19 

Nov.     6 
Nov.     6 
May    28 
Nov.     3 
Sept.  10 
Sept.  10 
Sept.    6 
Oct.    30 
Sept.    8 

Do. 
Do. 

Hoffman. 

Bisclioff. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 

Do. 
Do. 

Do. 
Do. 

R. 

Bisclioff. 
Do. 

(?) 
(?) 
Hoffman. 

Bisehoff. 
Do. 
R. 

R. 

Melanerpes  iormicivorus 

....do  

Carlin,  Nevada  .  .  . 
Arizona  .       .  .. 

STRIGID^E. 

Otus  wilsonianus          -  .  ............ 

FALCONID^E. 

Do                       

do  

Buteo  swainsoni                      .      ...... 

$  ad. 
$  jun. 
2  jun. 
$  ad. 
Jun. 
$  ad. 
$  jun. 

Ad. 
$  ad. 

9  ad." 
$  ad. 

Ad. 

Antelope,  Nevada  . 
Arizona           ..  .. 

Circus  Irudsonius                ....  ....  .... 

Do                            .           

do  

....do  

Arizona  

Do                                        .  .   .. 

Nevada 

MELEAGRIDIDJE. 

Arizona  

TETRAONIDJE. 

Centrocercus  urophasianus 

Nevada 

PERDICID^E. 

Lophortyx  famlffclii        .       .    ....... 

Sept.    8 
Nov.   18 

May     5 
Sept.      3 
July  - 

Cyrtonyx  niassena           • 

....do  

SCOLOPACID^:. 
Sympheinia  semipalmata  .     ......... 

RECURVIROSTRID.E. 

Himantopus  nisjricollis 

$  ad. 

TANTALID^E. 

Tantalus  loculator  

Nevada  

ARDEID^E. 

Nyctiardea  nsGvia 

Ad. 
Ad. 

(?)    « 

Do         

(?)  

Ad. 

May    - 

June    4 
May     4 
May    11 

Sept.  12 

RALLID^E. 

Fulica  americana 

Ad 

(?} 
0...  ... 

Do        .         

Ad. 

Do 

Jun. 
$  jun. 

(?) 

PODICIPID^E. 

Pocliceps  califbrnicus 

Nevada 

REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 
List  of  alcoholic  specimens  of  birds. 


37 


Name. 


Collector. 


TURDID^E. 


Turdus  migratorius H.  &  Y. 

Oreoscoptes  montanus H.  &  Y. 

Parus  montanus ,  H.  &  Y. 

do H.  &  Y. 

Psaltriparus  plumbeus H.  &  Y. 

do H.  &  Y 

TROGLODYTID^E. 

Salpinctes  obsoletus  (skull) H.  &  Y. 

do do H.&  Y. 

MOTACILLID^E. 

Antlius  ludovicianns H.  &  Y. 

SYLVICOLID^E. 

Dendroica  sestiva H.  &  Y. 

do H.&Y. 

Geotblypis  tricbas H.  &  Y. 

Geotblypis  macgillivrayi H.  &  Y. 

HIRUNDIXIDJ3. 

Stelgidoptery  x  scrripennis t H.  &  Y. 

Collnrio  ludovicianus,  var.  excubitoroides » H.  &  Y. 

FRINGILLID^:. 

Chrysomitris  tristis H.  &  Y. 

do , H.  &  Y. 

do , H.&Y. 

do H.&Y. 

Carpodacus  frontalis H.  &  Y. 

Cy anospiza  amceiia , H.  &  Y. 

Spizella  pallida,  var.  bre weri H.  &  Y. 

do Y.&H. 

Spizella  monticola Y.  &  H. 

Melospiza  inelodia,  var.  fallax Y.  &  H. 

Zonotricbia  leucopbrys.  var.  intermedia Y.  &  H. 

do Y.&H. 

Poocaites  gramineus Y.  &  H. 

Pipilo  megalonyx Y.  &  H. 

do Y.&H. 

ALAUDID.E. 

Eremopbila  alpestris Y.  &  H. 

ICTERIDJS. 

Stnrnella  magiia,  var.  neglecta Y.  &  H. 

do Y.&H. 

Dolicbonyx  oryzivorns Y.  &  H. 


38        EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 

List  of  alcoholic  specimens  of  birds. 


No. 

Name. 

Collector. 

B15 

Xanthocephalus  icterocephalus  ...  .    

Y.  &  H. 

BIG 

Scolecopliafus  cyanoceplialus 

Y  &  H 

BIT 

TYRANXID^E. 

Tyramius  vcrticalis       .             ..................    ........   .. 

Y.  &  H. 

B18 

Etopidoiiax  pusillus                                     «             . 

Y.  &H. 

1319 

ALCEDINID,E. 

Y.  &  H. 

B20 

STRIGIDJE. 

Otus  vulgaris  var  wilsonianus 

H.  &  Y. 

Cl 

do                    

Y.  &H. 

C2 

FALCONID^E. 

Y.  &H. 

C3 

PERDICID.E. 

Lopliortyx  sramlDelii  (skulls)  ..... 

Y.  &  H. 

C4 

..do     

Y.  &  H. 

C5 

CHARADRIID^E. 

JEo'ialitis  vociferus                                                                   . 

Y.  &  H. 

C6 

Y.  &  H. 

C7 

• 

RECURVIROSTRIDJE. 

Himantopus  nigficollis  (skull)  

Y.  &H. 

C8 

Y.  &  H. 

C9 

ANATIDJE. 

Mercjus  serrator  (skull)                                                               • 

Y.  &  H. 

CIO 

Querquedula  cyanoptera  (skull)  ...  ..     ... 

Y.  &  H. 

Cll 

LARID^E. 

Larus  delawarensis  (skull)                                             -      » 

Y.  &  H. 

C12 

.do     ..            

Y.  &H. 

C13 

PODICIPID^E. 

Podilymbus  podiceps                                          ....     ..  .   ..     .     ...... 

Y.  &  H. 

. — The  above  specimens  are  those  of  birds  too  badly  mutilated 
to  make  skins  of,  and  those  where  time  would  not  admit  of  their  proper 
preservation.  In  addition,  a  large  collection  of  sterna  and  tongues  of 
birds  in  alcohol  was  made. 


I.-AN  ANNOTATED  LIST  OF  THE  BIRDS  OF  UTAH. 


BY  H.   W.   HENSIIAW. 


The  following  list  is  based  largely  upon  material  collected  daring  the 
field-season  of  1872,  while  with  the  exploring  and  surveying  party  in 
charge  of  Lieut.  G.  M.  Wheeler,  of  the  United  States  Engineers.  In  it 
are  enumerated  all  the  birds  thus  far  known  to  have  been  taken  or 
observed  within  the  limits  of  the  territory.  To  give  it  additional  value 
as  a  formal  list,  those  known  to  breed,  whether  from  actual  observations 
in  the  field  or  from  their  known  breeding-range,  are  indicated.!  Notes 
are  also  given  respecting  their  relative  abundance  or  scarcity.  Of  the 
214  species  given,  160  were  either  actually  taken  or  noted  by  Dr.  Yar- 
row and  myself  during  the  season.  Of  the  remaining  species,  25  not 
met  with  by  us  are  contained  in  Mr.  Allen's  list  of  birds,  collected  in 
the  vicinity  of  Ogden,  from  September  1  to  October  8.  I  am  also 
indebted  to  Mr.  Ridgway  for  a  list  of  the  birds  noted  by  him  during  his 
collecting  trip  in  this  locality,  including  many  not  contained  in  either 
Mr.  Allen's  paper  or  our  own  report,  and  also  for  assistance  in  the 
preparation  of  the  list.  It  may  be  here  stated  that  no  collections  have 
ever  been  made  in  Utah  during  the  spring-months,  and  thus  many  of 
the  spring-migrants  have  entirely  escaped  notice.  This  will  account 
for  the  comparatively  small  number  of  species  mentioned.  An  entire 
season's  connected  observations  would  doubtless  add  many  to  the 
number. 

TURDID^E  (the  Thrushes). 

*1.  Turdus  fuscescens,  Steph.— Tawny  Thrush. 

Summer-resident.     Common  on  Provo  Eiver  in   summer  of  18G9. 
(Ridgway.) 

*2.  Turclus  swain-soni,  Cab. — Olive-backed  Thrush. 

Very  common.     Inhabits    the   thickets  of    the    mountain-streams. 
(Ridgway.) 

*3.  Turdus  pallasi.  Cab.,  var.  audulonii,  Bd. — Rocky-Mountain  Hermit- 
Thrush. 

Less  common  than  the  preceding.     Inhabits  the  pine-region.     (Ridg- 
way.)    Ogden,  September.     (Allen.) 

*-l.  Turdus  migratoriiiSj  L. — Robin. 
Yery  common.     Permanent  resident. 

*  This  paper  was  read  April  6,  1874,  before  the  Lyceum  of  Natural  History,  New 
..York,  and  printed  in  Annals  of  the  Lyceum,  vol.  xi,  June,  1874.     In  its  present 
orm  it  is  substantially  the  same,  with  the  exception  of  revisions  made  to  accord  with 
the  present  state  of  knowledge  upon  the  subject. 

t  An  asterisk  (*)  is  prelixed  to  the  names  of  those  known  to  breed  in  the  Territory. 


40        EXPLORATIOS  NAND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 

*5.  Oreoscoptes  montanus  (Towns.)  —  Mountain  Mocking-Bird. 

An  inhabitant  of  the  valleys  and  plains.     Most  abundant  in  the 
neighborhood  of  settlements. 

*6.  HarporJiynclius  crissalis,  Henry.  —  Eed-  vented  Thrush. 

Eesident  (?).     Found  breeding,  and  nest  and  eggs  obtained  by  Dr. 
Palmer  at  Saint  George.     Seen  by  me  in  same  locality. 

*7.  Galeoscoptes  carolinensis  (L.)  —  Catbird. 
Very  abundant.     Inhabits  the  thickets. 

CINCLID^E  (the  Water-Ouzels). 

*8.  Cinclus  mexicanus,  Swains.  —  Water-Ouzel  ;  Dipper. 

Yery  abundant.    Inhabiting  the  rapid  mountain-streams.    Permanent 
resident. 

SAXICOLID^E  (the  Stone-Chats). 

*9.  Sialia  arctica,  Swains.  —  Kocky-Mountain  Bluebird. 

Eesident.    Yery  abundant.    "Found  breeding  at  Salt  Lake  City  and 
Antelope  Island  in  May  and  June."    (Ridgway.) 

SYLVIID^E  (the  Sylvias). 

*10.  Eegulus  calendula  (L.)  —  Euby-crowned  Kinglet. 

Common  resident.     Found  breeding  high  up  in  the  mountains  by 
Mr.  Bid  g  way.    Winters  in  the  valleys. 


(the  Titmice). 

*11.  Loplioplianes  inornatus  (Gamb.) 

Yery  abundant.    Eesident.     Breeds  in  mountains.    Wintering  in  the 
cedars  of  the  valleys. 

*12.  Parus  montanus,  Gamb.  —  Mountain-Chickadee. 
Abundant.    Eesident  in  the  mountains. 

*13.  Parus  atricapillm,    L.,   var.    septentrionalis,  Harris.  —  Long-  tailed 

Chickadee. 

Abundant  and  resident  in  vicinity  of  Provo.  Apparently  not  very 
generally  distributed.    !N~ot  found  in  mountains. 

*14.  Psaltriparus  minimus  (Towns.)  var.  plumbeus,  Bd.  —  Lead-colored  Tit. 
Abundant,  moving  in  large  companies.    Breeds  in  the  mountains,  and 
winters  in  the  valleys. 


(the  Nuthatches). 

*15.  Sitta  carolinensis,  Gm.,  var.  ac.uleata,  Cass.  —  Slender-billed  Nuthatch. 
Apparently  not  common  in  the  mountains.     Met  with  on  but  one 
occasion  by  us.    Eesident. 

*16.  Sitta  pusilla  (Lath.)  var.  pygmwa,  Yig.  —  Pigmy  Nuthatch. 
Same  as  preceding. 


REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS.  41 

CERTHIID^E  (the  Creepers). 

*17.  Gerthia  familiarte,  L.,  var.  americana,  Bon. — Brown  Creeper. 
Hare  in  the  pines  of  mountains  in  June.  Probably  breeds.  (Ridgway.) 

TROGLODYTIDVE  (the  Wrens). 

*18.  Campylorhynchw  brunneicapillus  (Lafr.) — Cactus-Wren. 

Bare  in  southern  parts  of  State.     Several  individuals  seen  in  vicinity 
of  Saint  George,  October  27.    Possibly  breeds. 

*19.  Salpinctes  obsoletus  (Say). — Eock-Wren. 
Exceedingly  abundant  in  rocky  localities. 

*20.  Catherpes  mexicanus  (Sw.),var.  compwsus,  Eidgw. — White-throated 
Eock-Wren. 
Eather  rare,  but  generally  distributed.    Permanent  resident. 

*21.  Thryothorus  leid-ckii  (And.),  var.  leufiogaster,  Gould. — Bewick's  Wren. 
Not  uncommon  in  southern  part  of  Territory  in  fall.    Probably  breeds. 

*22.  Troglodytes  aedon,  Yieill.,  var.  par~kmanni,  And. — Parkman's  Wren. 
Abundant  in  the  mountains.    Permanent  resident. 

*23.  Cistotliorus  stellaris  (Licht.)     Short-billed  Marsh- Wren. 

Probably  rare.    Not  taken,  but  evidence  obtained  of  its  breeding  on 
borders  of  Utah  Lake. 

*24.    Telmalodytes  pahwtris  (Wils.),  var.  paludicola,  Bd. — Long-billed 

Marsh-Wren. 

Exceedingly  abundant  in  the  marshes  everywhere.    Permanent  resi- 
dent. 

MOTACILLIDJE  (the  Wagtails). 

25.  Anthus  ludovieianus  (Gmel.) — Tit-Lark. 
Abundant  in  the  marshes.    Winter-resident. 

SYLTICOLIDJS  (the  Warblers). 

2G.  Helminthophaga  nificapilla  (Wils.)— Nashville  Warbler. 
Apparently  common.     Ogden,  September.     (Allen.) 

*27.  Helminthophaga  virgin-ice,  Bd. — Virginia's  Warbler. 
Frequent  among  the  scrub-oaks  of  foot-hills,  breeding.     (Eidgway.) 

*28.  Hclmintliopliaga  celata  (Say.)-Orange-crowned  Warbler. 

Breeds  in  mountains  from  7,000  to  9,000  feet  high.    (Eidgway.)    Com- 
mon in  September.     Ogden.     (Allen.) 

*29.  Dendroica  ccsliva  (Gm.) — Yellow  Warbler. 
Yery  common  in  neighborhood  of  settlements. 

*30.  Dendroica  audubonii  (Towns.) — Audubon's  Warbler. 

Abundant,  especially  in  fall.     u  Breeds  in  the  pine-region  of  the  Wah- 
satch."    (Eidgway.) 


42        EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  iOOTH  MERIDIAN. 

31.  Dendroica  Nackburnice  (Gin.)  —  Blackburuian  Warbler. 
u  Not  common.     Ogden.     September.7'     (Allen.) 

32(?).  Dendroica  nigrescens  (Towns.)  —  Black-throated  Gray  Warbler. 
Ogden.    September.     (Allen.) 

*33.  Geotlilypis  Philadelphia  (Wils.),  var.  macgillivrayij  Aud.—  Macgilli- 
vray's  Warbler. 
Common  in  the  mountains. 

*34.  Geotlilypis  tricJias  (L.)  —  Maryland  Yellowthroat. 

Common.     Distributed  generally  through  the  valleys  of  the  Territory, 
in  the  neighborhood  of  water. 

*35.  Icteria  virens  (L.),  var.  longicauda^  Lawr.  —  Long-tailed  Chat. 

Common.    Inhabiting  indifferently  the  thickets  of  foot-hills  and  val- 
leys. 

36.  Myiodioctes  pusillus  (Wils.)  —  Wilson's  Blackcap. 
Common  as  a  spring  and  autumn  migrant. 

*37.  Setophaga  ruticilla  (L.)  —  Eedstart. 
Bather  common  as  an  inhabitant  of  the  mountains  and  valles. 


(the  Swallows). 

*38.  Progne  subis  (L.)  —  Purple  Martin. 

Quite  abundant  in  the  mountains,  frequenting  aspen  -groves. 

*39.  PetrocJieUdon  lunifrons  (Say).—  Cliff-Swallow. 

Yery  abundant  in  the  mountains.    Breeds  in  large  colonies  on  the 
cliffs. 

*40.  Hirundo  liorreorum  Bart.  —  Barn-Swallow. 
Common.    Builds  in  barns,  deserted  shanties,  and  caves. 

*41.  TacJiycineta  Mcolor  (Yieill.)  —  White-bellied  Swallow. 

Abundant.    Generally  distributed.    Breeds  in  the  aspen-groves  in 
company  with  the  martins. 


.  Tacliycineta  thalassina  (Swains.)  —  Yiolet-green  Swallow. 
Somewhat  rare.    Breeds  in  limestone-cliffs  with  the  White-throated 
Swift  (Panyptila  saxatilis)  and  the  Cliff-Swallow.     (Eidgway.) 

*43.  Cotyle  riparia  (L.)  —  Bank-Swallow. 

Quite  common  at  Provo.    Breeds  in  the  river-banks  in  company  with 
the  Kough-winged  Swallow  (Stelgidopteryx  serripennis). 

44.  Stelgidopteryx  serripennis  (Aud.)  —  Bough-winged  Swallow. 

Far  more  numerous  than  the  preceding,  with  which  it  is  associated. 

YIREONID^E  (the  Greeulets). 

45.  Vireo  olivaceus  (L.)  —  Bed-eyed  Yireo. 

Quite  common  at  Ogden  in  September.     (Allen.) 


REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS.  43 

*46.   Virco  y'dvus  (Yieill.),  var.  sicainsoni,  Bd. — Warbling  Yiero. 

Very  abundant.     Generally   distributed.     Found  breeding,   by  Mr. 
Bidgway,  from  lowest  valleys  to  altitude  of  8,000  feet. 

*47.   Vireo  solitariits  (Wils.),  var.  pluiribeus,  Cs. — Solitary  Yireo. 
Bather  rare. 

AMPELID./E  (the  Wax  wings). 

48.  Ampelis  cedrorum  (Yieill.) — The  Cedar-Bird. 
Bather  common.     Ogden,  September.     (Allen.) 

MYIADESTID^E  (the  Solitaires). 

*49.  Myiadestes  toicnsendii  (Aud.) — Townsend's  Solitaire. 

Bather  rare.    Breeds  on  the  mountains  and  winters  in  the  cedar- 
groves  of  valleys. 

LANIID^E  (the  Shrikes,  or  Butcher-Birds) . 

50.  Collurio  borealis  (Yieill.) — Great  Northern  Shrike. 
Of  frequent  occurrence  in  fall.     Winter-resident. 

*51.  Collurio   ludoviciamis   (L.),    var.   excubitoroides,   Swains. — White- 
rumped  Shrike. 
Quite  common.    Permanent  resident. 

TANAGRID^E  (the  Tanagers). 

*52.  Pyranya  ludovlciana  (Wils.) — Louisiana  Tanager. 

Common. 

• 

ERINGILLID^:  (the  Finches,  Sparrows,  Buntings,  &c.) 

*53.  Carpodacus frontalis  (Say). — House-Finch. 
Yery  abundant    Breeds  in  the  valleys. 

*54.  Carpodacus  cassini  Bd.^Cassin's  Purple  Finch. 
Abundant.    Breeds  on  the  mountains.     (Bidgway.) 

*55.  Chrysom itris  pinus  (Wils.) — Pine-Finch. 

Breeds  abundantly  in  pine-regions  of  mountains.   Besident.     (Bidg- 
way.) 

*5G.  Clirysomitris  tristis  (L.) — Yellowbird. 
Common.    Permanent  resident. 

*57.  Clirysomitris  psaltrla  (Say). — Arkansas  Finch. 

Quite  common  in  southern  part  of  Territory  late  in  fall.     "  Breeds 
sparingly  near  Salt  Lake  City  and  to  the  eastward."    (Bidgway.) 

58.  Leucosticte  teplirocotis,  Swains. — Gray -crowned  Finch. 
Obtained  near  Salt  Lake  City  in  winter.    (Stansbury.) 


44        EXPLOROTIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 

*59.  Passerculiis  savanna  (Wils.),  var.  alaudinm,  Bon. — Lark-Sparrow. 
Abundant  in  marshy  localities. 

*60.  Poocaetes  (jramineus  (Gin.),  var.  confinis  Bd.— Bay- winged  Sparrow. 
Very  abundant,  frequenting  the  plains. 

*61.  Coturniculus  passerinus    (Wils.),     var.    perpallidus,    Eidg. — Yel- 
low-winged Sparrow. 
Eare. 

*62.  Chondestes  grammaca  (Say). — Lark-Bunting. 
Abundant  everywhere  on  plains  and  benches. 

*63.  Zonotrichia  leucoplirys  (Forst.) — White-crowned  Sparrow. 
Breeds  abundantly  in  the  mountains. 

64.  ZonotricJiia  leucoplirys  (Forst.),  var.  intermedia,  Eidgw. 
Exceedingly  abundant  in  fall,  and  also  a  winter-resident. 

65.  Junco  Jiyemalis  (L.) — Black  Snowbird. 

Eare  in  fall.     One  specimen  only  taken  in  flock  of  Zonotrichia  inter- 
media. 

66.  Junco  oregonus  (Towns.) — Oregon  Snowbird. 

Common  in  fall.     Winters  at  least  in  southern  part  of  Territory. 

*67.  Junco  caniceps  (Woodh.) — Eed-backed  Snowbird. 

Tolerably  common  in  the  pines  of  Wahsatch  Mountains  in  the  breed- 
ing-season.    (Eidgway.) 

*68,  Poospiza9  Ulineata  (Cass.) — Black-throated  Sparrow. 
Breeds  abundantly  in  the  vicinity  of  Salt  Lake  City.     (Eidgway.)    . 

*69.  Poospiza  lelll  (Cass.),  var.  nevadensis,  Eidgw. — Sage  Sparrow. 

Very  common,  especially  as  a  winter-resident,  frequenting  the  sage- 
brush plains. 

*70.  Spizella  socialis  (Wils.),  var.  arizona,  Cs. — Chipping-Sparrow. 
Xot  common.     "  Breeds  near  Salt  Lake  City."     (Eidgway.) 

*71.  Spizella  pallida  (Sw.),  var.  Ireweri,  Cass.— Brewer's  Sparrow. 

Abundant.    Permanent  resident.    Frequents  the  sage-brush  of  the 
benches. 

*72.  Melospiza    melodia    (Wils.),     var.  fallax,    Bd. — Western     Song- 
Sparrow. 
Abundant.    Permanent  resident. 

*73.  Melospiza  lincolni  (Aud.)— Lincoln's  Finch. 

Eather  uncommon.    Found  breeding  in  Parley's  Park  by  Mr.  Eidg- 
way. 


REPORT    UBOX    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS.  45 

74.  Mdospiza  palwtris  (Wils.)— Swamp-Sparrow. 

Very  rare.  A  single  specimen  taken  in  extreme  southern  part  of 
Utah  October  23. 

*75.  Passerella    towmendi  (Aud.),    var.    schistacea,    Bd. — Slate-colored- 
Sparrow. 
Abundant  in  the  mountains.    Breeds.     (Eidgway.) 

76.  Calamospiza  bicolor  (Towns.) — White-winged  Blackbird. 

A  single  specimen  obtained  in  Parley's  Park  in  July  by  Mr.  Eidg- 
way. A  few  seen  by  Dr.  Yarrow  in  Snake  Valley  on  the  borders  of 
Utah. 

*77.  Hedymeles  melanocephalus  (Sw.) — Black-headed  Grossbeak. 
Very  common. 

*78.  Cyanospiza  ainoena  (Say). — Lazuli  Finch. 
Numerous  in  the  valleys. 

*79.  Pipilo  maculatus,  Sw.,  var.  megalonyx,  Bd. — Long-spurred  Towhee 
Common  in  the  valleys  and  in  chaparral  of  foot-hills. 

*80.  Pipilo  clorurus  (Towns.) — Green-tailed  Bunting. 
Common.    Confined  exclusively  to  the  mountains.  0 

81.  Pipilo  abertij  Bd. — Abert's  Towhee. 
Not  rare  in  extreme  southern  portion  of  Utah.    Probably  breeds. 

AL AUDIBLE  (the  True  Larks.) 

*82.  Eremophila  alpestris  (Forst.) — Shore-Lark. 

Abundant.  Permanent  resident.  Var.  clirysolcuma  (Wagl.)  Breed- 
ing and  found  sparingly  in  winter.  Var.  leucolcmna,  Cs.  Predomi- 
nating in  winter.  (Eidgway.) 

ICTERnxas  (the  Orioles  and  Blackbirds). 

*83.  Molothrus  pecoris  (Gm.)— Cow-Bunting. 
Not  very  common. 

*84.  Dolwlionyx  oryzivorus  (L.),  var.  albinucha,  Eidg. — Bobolink. 
Eather  common  through  the  meadows. 

*85.  Xantlwccplialus  icteroceplialus  (Bonap.) — Yellow-headed  Blackbird 
Very  numerous.     Breeding  in  large  companies.     Winters  in  small 
numbers. 

*86.  AgeUvus  plioeniceus  (L.) — Eed-winged  Blackbird. 
Common  resident. 

*  87.  Stitrnella  magna  (L.),  var.  neglccta,  Aud. — Western   Meadow-Lark. 
Very  abundant.    Permanent  resident. 


46        EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 

*S8.  Icterus  lullocldi  (Swains.) — Bullock's  Oriole. 
Abundant.    Frequenting  the  vicinity  of  the  settlements. 

*S9.  Scolecophagus  cyanocepludus  (Wagl.) — Brewer's  Blackbird. 
•   Most  abundant  of  the  blackbirds.     Permanent  resident. 

CORVID^:  (the  Crows  and  Jays). 

*90.  Corvus  coraxj  L.,  var.  carnivorus,  Bartr. — Raven. 
Very  abundant.    Permanent  resident. 

*91.  Corvus  americanus.  And. — Common  Crow. 

Apparently  not  common.     Seen  in  vicinity  .of  Provo  in  July.     Of 
recent  occurrence. 

*92.  Picicorvus  columbianus  (Wils.) — Nutcracker. 

Very  common  in  fall.     Inhabits  exclusively  the  mountains.     Perma- 
nent resident. 

*93.  Gymnokitta  cyanocephala  (Pr.  Max.) — Maximilian's  Jay. 
Abundant  in  the  cedars.     Permanent  resident. 

*94.  Pica  melanoleuca,  Yieill.,rvar.  Imdsonica,  Sabine. — Magpie. 

Numerous  and  generally[distributed.    Resident. 

• 
*95.  Cyanura  stelleri  (Gmel.),  var.  macrolopha,  Bd. — Long-crested  Jay. 

Common.    Found  only  in  the  mountains.     Resident. 

*96.  Cyanocitta  floridana  (Bartr.),  var.  woodJiousii^  Bd. — Woodhouse's 
Jay. 
Numerous.    Resident.     Not  found  in  the  mountains. 

97.  Perisoreus  canadvnsis  (L.)7  var.  capitalis,  Bd, — Gray  Jay. 
Wahsatch  Mountains.     (Allen.) 

TYRANNID^:  (the  Tyrant  Flycatchers). 

*98.  Tyrannus  carolinensis  (L.) — The  Kingbird. 
Quite  common  near  the  settlements. 

*99.  Tyrannus  verticalis.  Say. — Arkansas  Flycatcher. 
Common. 

*100.  MyiarcJius  crinitus  (L.),  var.  cinerascens,  Lawr. 
Rare  in  Parley's  Park.    (Ridgway.) 

*101.  Sayornis  sayus  (Bon.) — Say's  Flycatcher. 
Rather  common.    Found  in  the  valleys  and  rocky  canons.  (Ridgvway.) 

*102.  Contopus  lorealis  (Swains.) — Olive-sided  Flycatcher. 
Rare  in  the  mountains. 

*103.    Contopus   vlrens    (L.),    var.    richardsoni,   Swains. — Short-legged 
Pe\\  ee. 


KEPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS.  47 

*104.  Empidonax  flaviventris  Bd.,   var.    difficilis,    Bd. — Western    Yel- 
low-bellied Flycatcher. 
Eare  in  pine- woods  of  the  mountains  in  July.     (Ridgway.) 

*105.  Empidonax  obscurus  (Swains.) — Wright's  Flycatcher. 
Common.     Chiefly  confined  to  the  mountains. 

*106.  Empidonax  liammondii  (Yesey.)— Hammond's  Flycatcher. 
Less  common  than  the  preceding.     Occurring  in  the  fall. 

*107.  Empidonax  pusillus  (Swains). — Little  Flycatcher. 

Especially  abundant  in  the  valleys,  frequenting  the  willow-thickets 
along  the  streams.  "  Breeds  on  the  mountains  up  to  7,000  feet.77  (Ridg- 
way.) 

ALCEDINID^E  (the  Kingfishers). 

*108.  Ceryle  alcyon  (L.)— Kingfisher. 

Common  on  all  the  streams.  Found  by  Mr.  Ridgway  in  the  mount- 
ains up  to  7,000  feet, 

CAPRIMULGIDJE  (the  Goatsuckers). 

*109.  Clwrdeiles  popetue  (Vieill.),  var.  lienryi,  Cass. — Western  Night- 
Hawk. 

Very  abundant  in  the  valleys,  and  breeding  in  mountains  up  to  7,000 
feet. 

*110.  Antrostomus  nuttalli  (And.) — Xuttall's  Whippoorwill. 
Same  range  as  preceding,  though  much  less  numerous. 

CYPSELIDJS  (the  Swifts). 

*m.  Panyptila  saxatilis  (Woodh.)— White- throated  Swift. 
Not  uncommon.    Builds  its  nest  in  holes  in  limestone-cliffs. 


TROCHILID^E  (the  Humming-Birds).* 

*112.  Trochilus  alexandri,  Bourc.  and  Muls. — Alexander's   Humming- 
Bird. 
Numerous  in  the  valleys.     "  Breeds  up  to  8,000  feet.77    (Ridgway.) 

*113.  Selasphorus  platycercus  (Swains.) — Broad-tailed  Humming-Bird. 

Common  atOgden  in  September.  (Allen.)  Exceedingly  abundant  in 
Wahsatch  Mountains  from  May  to  August.  (Ridgway.) 

CUCULIDJE  (the  Cuckoos). 

114.  Coccyzus  americanus  (L.) — Yellow-billed  Cuckoo. 

Heard  in  July  at  Provo.  As  the  species  breeds  abundantly  in 
Arizona  (Tucson,  Bendire),  as  well  as  in  Nevada  and  Sacramento  Valley 
(Ridgway),  it  doubtless  nests  in  portions  of  Utah  also.  The  season  at 
which  it  was  noted  renders  this  supposition  most  probable. 

*  Stellula  calliope  (Gould).  The  Star-throated  Hummer  doubtless  occurs  in  the 
mountains  of  Utah,  since  it  was  <»l»sv -wed  ])lci»tif'ully  l>y  ^Ir.  Kid^way  in  the  East 
liumboldfc  Mountains,  in  the  eastern  portion  of  Nevada,  in  August  and  September. 


48        EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 

(the  Woodpeckers). 


*115.  Picus  villosus  L.j  var.  liarrisii  And.  —  Harris's  Woodpecker. 
Common.    Confined  generally  to  the  mountains.    Permanent  resident. 

*116.   Picus   pubescens    L.,    var.    gairdneri,   And.  —  Gairdner's    Wood- 

pecker. 

Rare.     Our  specimen  noted  at  Provo  in  November.     A  few  individ- 
uals seen  by  Mr.  Eidgway  in  Wahsatch  Mountains  in  July. 

*117.  Spliyrapicus  tliyroideus  (Cass.)  —  Brown-headed  Woodpecker  ;  Black- 
breasted  Woodpecker  ;  Williamson's  Woodpecker. 
Bare  in  the  pine-region    (Eidgway.) 

118.  Melanerpes  erythrocephalus  (L.)  —  Eed-headed  Woodpecker. 
A  single  individual  observed  at  Salt  Lake  City  in  June.     (Eidgway.) 

*119.  Melanerpes  torquatus  (Wils.)  —  Lewis's  Woodpecker. 
Not  very  common,  but  generally  distributed.    Eesideut. 

*120.  Colaptes     auratus     (L.),     var.    mexicanus,  Swains.  —  Eed-shafted 
Flicker. 
Yery  common  everywhere.    Eesident. 

STRIGID^  (the  Owls). 

*121.  Speotyto  cunicularia  (Mol.),  var.  liypogcm,  Bon.  —  Prairie-Owl. 
Not  very  common.    Eesident. 

1'122.  Bubo  mrgmlanus  (Grnel.),  var.  arcticus,  Swains.  —  Great  Horned 
Owl. 
Common  in  the  wooded  portions.    Eesident. 

*123.  Otus  vulgaris  (L.),  var.  wilsonianus,  Less.  —  Long-eared  Owl. 
Exceedingly  abundant  in  the  thick  brush  along  the  streams.   Eesident. 

FALCONID^E  (the  Hawks,  Eagles,  &c.) 

*124.  Falco  communis,  Gmel.,  var.  anatum,  Bon.  —  Duck-Hawk. 
Eather  common.    Eesident. 

*125.  Falco  saker  Schl.,  var.  polyayrus,  Cass.  —  Prairie-Falcon. 
Somewhat  common  on  the  plains.    Eesident.     (Eidgway.) 

*126.  dEsalon  columbarius  (L.)  —  Pigeon-Hawk. 
Eather  frequent.    Generally  distributed.    Eesident. 

*  127.  Tinnunculus  sparverius  (L.)  —  Sparrow-Hawk. 
Yery  common  everywhere.    Eesident. 

*128.  Pandion  haliaetus  (L.),  var.  carolinensis,  Gmel.  —  Fish-Hawk. 
Eather  rare.    Eesident. 


REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS.  49 

*129.  Haliactus  leucoceplialus  (L.) — White-headed  Eagle. 
Bather  common.     Resident. 

*130.  Aqmla  clirysaetos  (L.),  var.  canadensis,  L. — Golden  Eagle. 
Rather  common  in  the  mountains.     Resident. 

*131.    ArcMbuteo   lagopus  (Briinn.),   var.  sancti-johannis   Penn. — Black 
Hawk. 
Exceedingly  abundant  in  the  vicinity  of  Provo  Lake  in  winter. 

*132.  ArcJiibuteo  ferrugineus  (Licht.) — California  Squirrel- Hawk. 

The  eggs  of  this  species,  together  with  the  parent  birds,  collected  in 
the  vicinity  of  Ogden,  are  in  the  Smithsonian  collection. 

*133.  Buteo  borealis  (Gmel.),  var.  calurus,  Cass. 
Common.    Resident. 

*134.  Buteo  swainsoni,  Bon. — Swainson's  Buzzard. 
Very  abundant  in  the  mountains.     (Ridgway.) 

*135.  Nisus  cooperi,  (Bon.) — Cooper's  Hawk. 

Rare.    Generally  distributed,  but  chiefly  seen  in  the  mountains.    Res- 
ident.    (Ridgway.) 

*136.  Nisusfuscus  (Gm.) — Sharp-shinned  Hawk. 
Common.    Resident. 

*137.  Circus  cyaneus  (L.),  var.  liudsonius,  L. — Marsh-Hawk. 
Exceedingly  abundant  in  the  lowlands.    Resident. 

CATHABTID^E  (the  American  Vultures). 

(?)138.  Pseudogryphus  californianus  (Cuv.) — Califoruian  Vulture. 
Very  rare.    Two  individuals  seen  near  Beaver  November  25. 

*139.  Rliinogryplius  aura  (L.) — Red-headed  Vulture;  Turkey -Buzzard. 
Common.    Resident. 

COLTTMBID^E  (the  Doves,  or  Pigeons). 

*140.  Zenaidura  carolinensis  (L.) — Carolina  Dove. 
Abundant  in  the  valleys.    Breeds  up  to  8,000  feet.     (Ridgway.) 

TETRAONID^E  (the  Grouse). 

*141.  Canace  obscura  (Say). — Dusky  Grouse. 
Abundant.    Resident.    Confined  exclusively  to  the  mountains. 

142.  Centrocercm  urophasianus  (Bon.) — Sage-Hen. 

Very  abundant,  principally  upon  the  plains,  but  found  in  the  valleys 
of  the  mountains  up  to  7,000  feet. 
4  o  s 


50        EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 

*143.  Peclioccete*  phasianellus  (L.),  var.  columbianus,  Orel. — Sharp-tailed 

Grouse. 

A  single  company  seen  about  the  middle  of  September  in  grassy  foot- 
hills near  Meadow  Creek.     (Yarrow.)     Besident. 

*144.  Bonasa  umbellus  (L.),  var.  nmbelloides,  Douglas. — Buffed  Grouse. 

Occurs  sparingly  in  the  mountains  near  Ogden.     (Allen.)     Also  near 
Salt  Lake  City.     (Bidgway.)     Besident. 

PERDICID^E  (the  Quails  or  Partridges). 

*145.  Orlyx  virginianus  (L.) — Quail;  Bob  White. 
Introduced  near  Ogdeu  and  Provo.     (Allen.) 

*146.  Lopliortyx  californicus  (Shaw). — Californian  Quail. 
Introduced  near  Ogden.     (Allen.) 

*147.  Lophortyx  gambeli  (Nutt.) — GainbePs  Quail. 
Very  abundant  in  southern  part  of  Territory.     Besident. 

CHARADRIID^E  (the  Plovers). 

*148.  JEgialitis  vociferus  (L.) — Kildeer-Plover. 
Very  numerous.    Besident. 

*149.  ^Egialitis  cantiamis  (Lath.),  var.  nivosus,  Cass. — Snowy  Plover. 
Yery  abundant  on  shores  of  Salt  Lake  in  May.    (Bidgway.) 

SCOLOPACIDJE  (the  Snipes,  Sandpipers,  &c.) 

150.  Gallinago  gallinaria  (Gm.),  var.  wilsoni,  Tenim. — English  Snipe. 
Abundant.     Found  in  Parley's  Park  during  the  entire  summer.    Prob- 
ably breeds.    (Bidgway.) 

151.  Macrorhamplms  griseus  (Gm.) — Bed-breasted  Snipe. 

Abundant  during  the  fall.    Probably  breeds,  as  it  was  obtained  at 
Provo  in  July  in  full  summer-dress. 

152.  Tringa  alpina  (L.),  var.  americana,  Cass. — Bed-backed  Sandpiper. 
Common  at  Ogden  in  September.    (Allen.) 

153.  Actodromas  minutilla  ( Vieill. ) — Least  Sandpiper. 

A  few  seen  about  July  26  at  Provo.    Not  common  at  Ogden.    (Allen.) 

154.  Ereunetes  pusillus  (L.) — Semipalmated  Sandpiper. 
Abundant  during  the  fall-migrations. 

155.  Symphemia  semipalmata  (Ginel.) 

Numerous  on  south  shore  of  Salt  Lake.     Breeding.    (Bidgway.) 

156.  Totanus  melanoleucus  (Ginel.) — Greater  Yellowlegs. 
Abundant  during  the  fall-migration. 


REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS.  51 

157.  Totanm  flavipes  (Gmel.) — Summer  Yellowlegs. 
Not  common.     Ogden,  September.    (Allen.) 

158.  Totanus  solitarius  (Bp.) 

Not  common.     Ogden,  September.    (Allen.) 

*159.  Tringoides  macularius  (L.) — Spotted  Sandpiper. 
Common  along  tlie  streams  and  lakes. 

160.  Actiturus  bartramius  (Wils.) — Bartram's  Field-Plover. 
Eather  common  on  Kamas  prairies  in  July.     (Eidgway.) 

*161.  Numenius  longirostris,  Wils. — Long-billed  Curlew. 

Breeding  abundantly  on  shores  and  islands  of  Salt  Lake  in  May  and 
June.     (Eidgway.)     Abundant  during  the  fall-migration. 

EALLID^E  (the  Bails,  G-allinules,  and  Coots). 

162.  Eallus  elegans,  Aud. — King-Bail. 
Said  to  be  uncommon.     Ogdeu.     (Allen.) 

*163.  Eallus  virginianus,  L. — Virginia  Eail. 
Common  in  the  marshes.    Eesident. 

*164.  Porzana  Carolina  (L.) — Carolina  Eail. 
Not  so  common  as  preceding.    Winters  (?) 

*165.  Porzana  jamaicensis  (Qrn.) — Little  Black  Eail. 

Occasional  in  summer.     Parley's    Park,   June,   July,  and  August. 
(Eidgway.) 

166.  Fulica  americana,  Gin. — Coot. 
Very  abundant.    Eesident. 

PHALAROPODID^;  (the  Phalaropes). 

*167.  Steganopus  wilsoni  (Sab.) — Wilson's  Phalarope. 
Common  at  Salt  Lake. 

EECURVIROSTRID^:  (the  Avocets  and  Stilts). 

*168.  Itecurvirostra  americana,  Gm. — American  Avocet. 
Abundant.    Breeding  at  Salt  Lake  in  June.     (Eidgway.) 

*169.  Himantopus  nigricollis,  Vieill. — Black-necked  Stilt. 
Same  as  preceding. 

GRUID^]  (the  Cranes). 

*170.  0-rus  canadensis  (L.)— Sandhill-Crane. 
Not  uncommon. 

TANTALID^I  (the  Ibises). 

171.  Tantalus  loculator,  L. — Wood-Ibis. 
Eather  common  visitant. 


52        EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF   IOOTH  MERIDIAN. 

*172.  Ibis  guarauna  (L.) — Glossy  Ibis. 
Common. 

*173.  Ibis  alba  (L.)— White  Ibis. 

A  few  seen  at  Ogdeu,  September.    (Allen.)     Probably  breeds  in  con- 
siderable numbers. 

ARDEID^E  (the  Herons). 

*174  Ardea  lierodias  L. — Great  Blue  Heron. 
Common.    Eesident. 

175.  Herodias  alba  (L.),  var.  egretta,  Gmel. — White  Heron. 
Not  uncommon  in  the  fall. 

*176.  Botaurus  minor  (Gni.) — Bittern. 

Common  in  all  parts  of  the  Territory.     Eesident. 

*177.  Nyctiardea  grisea  (L.),  var.  ncevia,  Bodd. — Night-Heron. 
Very  common.    Resident. 

ANATID^E  (the  Swans,  Geese,  and  Ducks). 

178.  Cygnus  americanus,  Sharpl. — Whistling  Swan. 
Jordan  River,  March.    (Stansbury.) 

179.  Anser  hyperboreus,  Pal. — Snow-Goose.* 
Common  winter-resident. 

*  180.  Branta  canadensis  (L.) — Canada  Goose. 

Immense  flocks  pass  through  the  Territory  in  fall,  and  large  numbers 
winter. 

*181.  Anas  boschas,  L. — Mallard. 

One  of  the  most  common  ducks.    Breeding  abundantly,  and  winter- 
ing in  large  numbers. 

182.  Anas  obscurus,  Gm. — Black  Duck. 

A  few  seen  at  Rush  Lake  in  November.     (Yarrow.) 

183.  Dafila  acuta  (L.)— Pin-tail. 
Common  in  fall. 

*184.  Nettion  carolinensis  (Gm.) — Green-winged  Teal. 
Very  abundant. 

185.  Querquedula  discors  (L.) — Blue-winged  Teal, 
Not  nearly  as  abundant  as  preceding.     Perhaps  breeds. 

*186.  Querquedula  cyanoptera  (Vieill.) — Red-breasted  Teal. 

Common  summer-resident.     Breeding  abundantly  in  the  marshes. 

187.  Spatula  clypeata  (L.) — Shoveler. 
Very  common  in  the  tail. 


REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS.  53 

*1S8.  Chaulelasmus  streperus  (L  ) — Gadwall. 
Very  abundant.     But  few  winter. 

*189.  Mareca  americana  (Gin.) — American  Widgeon. 
Abundant. 

190.  Aix  sponsa  (L.) — Summer-Duck. 
Common.     Ogden,  September.     (Allen.) 

191.  Fulix  marila  (L.) — Big  Blackhead. 
Common  in  fall. 

192.  Fulix  affinis  (Ey ton).— Little  Blackhead. 
Autumn-migrant.     Utah  Lake.     (Capt.  J.  H.  Simpson.) 

*193.  Fulix  collaris  (Donovan). — Eing-necked  Duck. 
Common. 

194.  Aytliya  ferina  (L.),  var.  americana,  Eyton. 
Numerous  in  fall. 

195.  Bucepliala  clangula  (L.),  var.  americana,  Bon. — Golcfen-eye. 
Abundant  in  fall  and  winter. 

196-.  Bucepliala  islandica  Gm. — Barrow's  Golden -eye. 

Perhaps  not  uncommon  in  fall  and  winter.    A  pair  were  taken  in 
Provo  River  December  1. 

197.  Bucepliala  albeola  (L.) — Butter-ball. 
Very  common  in  fall  and  winter. 

*198.  Erismatura  ruUda  (Wils.)— Ruddy-Duck. 
Common. 

199.  Mergus  merganser,  L.7  var.  americanus,  Cass. — Sheldrake. 

*200.  Mergus  serrator,  L. — Red-breasted  Merganser. 
Abundant. 

201.  Lopliodytes  cucullatus  (L.) — Hooded  Merganser. 
Common  in  fall. 

PELECANID^E  (the  Pelicans). 

*202.  Pelecanus  erytlirorliynclms  (Gm.) — American  Pelican. 

Common  upon  the  lakes.     Although  no  longer  breeding  upon  Great 
Salt  Lake,  it  undoubtedly  does  so  within  the  limits  of  the  Territory. 

PHALACROOORACID^E  (the  Cormorants). 

*203.  Graculus  dilophm  (Sw.) — Double-crested  Cormorant;  Black  Shag. 
Common  at  Salt  Lake. 


54        EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  IOOTH  MERIDIAN. 
LARID^  (the  Gulls  and  Terns). 

*204.  Larus  argentatus,  Brunn.,  var.  californicw,  Lawr. — California  Her- 
ring-Gull. 
Common  summer-resident;     (Bidgway.) 

205.  Larus  delawarensis,  Ord. — King-billed  Gull. 
Rather  common.     Winter-resident. 

206.  Chrcecocephalus  Philadelphia  (Ord). 
Ogden,  October  1.     (Allen.). 

207.  Xema  sabinei  (Sab.)— Fork- tailed  Gull. 
One  taken  at  Ogden  September  28.     (Allen.) 

*208.  Thalasseus  regius,  (Gamb.) — Eoyal  Tern. 
Not  uncommon  in  summer.     (Bidgway.) 

*209.  Sterna  forsteri,  Nutt, — Forster's  Tern. 

Abundant.     "  Breeds  in  marshes  of  Salt  Lake.'7     (Bidgway.) 

*210.  Hydroclielidon  fissipes  (L.) — Short-tailed  Tern. 
Bather  uncommon.     "Breeds  in  marshes  of  Salt  Lake."     (Bidgway.) 

COLYMBID^E  (the  Loons). 

211.  Colymbus  glacialis,  L.,  var.  torqatus,  Brtiun. — Great  Northern  Diver. 
Probably  not  of  infrequent  occurrence. 

PODICIPIDJE  (the  Grebes). 

212.  Podieeps  occidentalis  (Lawr.)— Western  Grebe. 
Common.    Probably  breeds. 

213.  Podicep8  cornutus  (Gm.) — Horned  Grebe. 
Bather  common  in  fall. 

214.  Podilynibm  podiceps  (L.)— Carolina  Grebe* 
Common  in  falL 


REPORT  UPON  AND  LIST  OF  BIRDS  COLLECTED  BY  THE  EXPEDITION  FOR 
GEOGRAPHICAL  AND  GEOLOGICAL  EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST 
OF  THE  ONE  HUNDREDTH  MERIDIAN  IN  1873,  LIEUT.  G.  M.  WHEELER, 
CORPS  OF  ENGINEERS,  IN  CHARGE. 


BY  H.  W.  HENSHAW,  APRIL,  1874. 


The  report  presented  in  the  following  pages  is  based  upon  the  ma- 
terial gathered  during  the  field-season  of  1873,  in  connection  with  the 
geographical  and  geological  survey  west  of  the  one  hundredth  meridian, 
made  under  the  auspices  of  the  Engineer  Department,  Lieut.  G.  M. 
Wheeler  commanding.  It  includes  not  only  my  own  work,  but  also  the 
results  in  this  department  of  both  Drs.  Eothrock  and  Newberry,  jr.,  by 
whose  joint  labors  some  two  hundred  birds  were  added  to  the  collection, 
and  to  each  of  whom  I  am  indebted  for  certain  information  respecting 
the  habits  and  range  of  species  noted  by  them,  some  of  which  were  not 
met  with  by  myself.  All  such  information  has  been  made  available, 
and  will  be  found  accredited  to  its  proper  source.  The  season's  collec- 
tion of  birds  amounted  to  very  nearly  twelve  hundred  specimens,  repre- 
senting over  two  hundred  species.  Others  also  were  noted,  and  their 
identity  ascertained  beyond  doubt,  of  which  no  specimens  were  secured. 
For  convenience  of  reference,  the  report  is  divided  into  three  sections ; 
this  course  being  rendered  necessary  by  the  wide  separation  of  the 
localities  at  which  the  larger  portion  of  the  work  was  done.  The  first 
contains  the  observations  made  at  Denver  from  May  5  to  22 ;  the  second, 
those  made  at  Fort  Garland,  Southern  Colorado,  including  also  much 
.of  the  information  gathered  by  Dr.  Eothrock  in  the  mountains  of  Col- 
orado; while  in  the  third  portion  are  given  the  results  of  the  joint  labors 
of  both  Dr.  Newberry,  jr.,  and  myself,  extending  over  a  very  large  area 
of  country,  principally  in  Eastern  Arizona  and  Western  New  Mexico, 
and  covering  an  interval  of  time  from  July  15  till  November  25.  By 
the  kind  permission  of  Lieutenant  Wheeler  I  was  enabled  to  make  an 
early  start,  and  arrived  in  Denverthe  5th  of  May,  intending  to  proceed 
directly  to  Fort  Garland,  a  locality  which  had  been  selected  as  affording 
a  promising  field  for  natural-history  work,  more  especially  in  ornithol- 
ogy. Through  the  unavoidable  detention  of  my  collecting-material,  my 
stay  in  Denver  was  prolonged  for  more  than  two  weeks.  This  interval 
till  the  22d  of  May  was  spent  in  making  daily  excursions  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  city,  more  especially  along  the  banks  "of  the  Platte  River,  which 
is  here  tolerably  well  timbered,  principally  with  cottonwoods,  and  on 
Cherry  Creek.  At  the  time  of  my  arrival  I  found  the  season  quite 
backward,  and  the  vegetation  was  little,  if  any,  in  advance  of  what  I 
left  in  the  vicinity  of  Boston.  But  few  of  the  trees  had  fairly  begun  to 
leaf  out,  though  before  my  departure  the  cottonwoods  and  many  others 
were  far  advanced  in  this  respect.  The  observations  made  at  this  time 
are  believed  to  be  possessed  of  very  considerable  value  as  giving  the  time 
of  arrival  of  quite  a  large  number  of  species,  while  the  capture  of  quite  a 


56        EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 

number  is  of  especial  interest,  as  extending  their  range  much  farther  to 
the  west  than  was  hitherto  known.  The  fauna  in  the  vicinity  of  Den- 
ver is  perhaps  best  compared  with  the  Carolinian  of  the  Eastern 
Province ;  but  the  list  presents  quite  a  number,  as  would  naturally  be 
expected  from  the  early  season  at  which  the  collection  was  made,  which 
are  to  be  regarded  merely  as  migrants,  and  which  spend  the  summer 
ar  to  the  northward.  The  arrangement  and  nomenclature  is  in  most 
cases  that  adopted  in  the  "Birds  of  North  America,"  by  Baird,  Brewer, 
and  Eidgway. 

SECTION    I. 

TURDID^E  (the  Thrushes). 

1.  Turdus  migratoriusj  L. 

Quite  common;  a  pair  seen  May  10,  building  their  nest  in  the  par- 
tially open  cavity  of  a  tree. 

2.  Turdus  fuscescens,  Stephens. — Tawny  Thrush. 

First  seen  May  17,  after  which  it  was  daily  noticed  in  small  numbers 
frequenting  the  moist  thickets  bordering  the  small  creeks. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

108 

$  ad. 

May  17,  1873 

Henshaw  , 

4.18 

3.28 

0.55 

1.12 

3.  Turdus  swainsoni,  Cabanis. — Olive-backed  Thrush. 

Several  noticed  May  12.  By  the  17th,  this  species  fairly  swarmed  in 
the  same  localities  as  the  preceding.  The  females  were  apparently  a 
full  week  later  than  the  males. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

19 

$  ad. 

May  12,  1873 

Henshaw        .  .     .  . 

3.93 

2.95 

0.51 

1.09 

109 
110 
111 
112 
113 
114 

$  ad. 
$  ad. 
$  ad. 
$  ad. 
$  ad. 
$  ad. 

May  17,  1873 
May  17,  1873 
May  17,  1873 
May  17,  1873 
May  17,  1873 
May  17,  1873 

....  do  
....  do  
....  do  
....  do  
....  do  
...  do  

3.90 
3.98 
4.04 
4.00 
4.10 
3.30 

3.02 
3.07 
3.05 
2.93 
3.11 
2.93 

0.55 
0.49 
0.52 

0.48 
0.  50 
0.50 

1.04 
1.09 
1.02 
1.09 
1.03 
1.00 

115 
118 

$  ad. 
$  ad. 

May  17,  1873 
May  17,  1873 

....  do  
....  do  

4.02 
3.98 

2.98 
2.93 

0.48 
0.50 

1.08 
1.12 

4.  Galeoscoptes  carolinensis,  (L.) — Catbird. 
Apparently  not  common;  one  seen  May  14. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

88 

$  ad 

May    14  1873 

Henshaw  . 

3  75 

4  20 

0  63 

1  03 

REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


57 


5.  Harporhynclms  riifus,  (L.) — Brown  Thrasher. 
A  single  individual  seen  May  10.     Noted  here,  also,  by  Dr.  Kothrock. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

13 

Rothrock  

4.04 

5.07 

0.85 

1.31 

60 

A  ad 

May   12,  1873 

Henshaw  

4.42 

5.71 

1.02 

1.30 

SYLVIIDJE  (the  Sylvias). 

6.  Regulus  calendula^  (L.) 

Present  in  small  numbers,  usually  one  or  more  accompanying  each 
flock  of  Chickadees. 

PARID^E  (the  Titmice). 

7.  Parus  atricapillu*,  L.,  var.  septentrionalis,  Harris. — Long-tailed  Chick- 

adee. 
Quite  frequently  seen  in  small  flocks. 

TROGLODYTID^E  (the  Wrens). 

8.  Troglodytes  aedon,  V.,  var.  parTcmanni,  And. — Park  man's  Wren. 
One  seen  May  6,  and  afterward  an  occasional  individual  noticed. 

More  frequently  heard  than  seen,  as  it  frequents  the  thickest  clump  of 
bushes  and  patches  of  briers,  where  a  glimpse  may  now  and  then  be 
had  of  it  as  it  glides  along. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

8-> 

$  ad. 

May   14,  1873 

Henshaw 

2  09 

1.97 

0.50 

0.68 

132 

$  ad. 

May  22,  1873 

....  do  

2.10 

2.02 

0.54 

0.63 

SYLVICOLID^E  (the  Warblers). 

9.  Helminthopliaga  celaia,  (Say.) — Orange-crowned  Warbler. 

After  May  7,  when  this  species  was  first  seen,  it  was  not  very  com- 
mon. It  is  an  active  insect-hunter,  and  frequents  alike  the  tops  of  the 
smaller  trees  and  the  low  bushes,  where  it  may  be  often  seen  darting 
forth  in  pursuit  of  some  passing  insect. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wiog. 

*  Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

24 

$  ad. 

May     9,  1873 

Henshaw  . 

2.40 

2  09 

0  29 

0  66 

94 

$  ad. 

May  17,  1873 

....do  

2.47 

2.14 

0.40 

0.64 

58        EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN, 


10.  Dendroica  cestiva,  (Gin.) — Yellow  Warbler. 

Common  everywhere.     Not  seen  till  May  14,  when  it  made  its  appear- 
ance in  large  numbers. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

q9 

2  ad. 

May   15,  1873 

Henshaw  

2.37 

1.95 

0.40 

0.70 

11.  Dendroica  audiibonii,  (Towns.) — Audubon's  Warbler. 

Small  numbers  of  this  and  the  following  species  were  seen  May  7  ; 
common  on  the  10th.  Its  habits  and  notes  appear  to  correspond  almost 
exactly  with  those  of  the  common  Yellow  Bump. 


No. 

'Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing-. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

q 

$  ad. 

May     7,  1873 

Henshaw  

3.17 

2.50 

0.43 

0.76 

10 

$  ad 

May     7,  1873 

.     do 

3.08 

2.50 

0.47 

0.75 

22 

$  ad 

May     9    1873 

do 

3  14 

2  54 

0  45 

0  75 

37 

$  ad. 

May  10,  1873 

do  

3.00 

2.42 

0.43 

0.72 

36 

A  ad. 

May  11    1873 

do 

3.03 

2.  45 

0.42 

C.72 

38 

$  ad. 

May  11,  1873 

do  

3.07 

2.47 

0.45 

0.70 

39 

68 
190 

9  ad. 
$  ad. 
$  ad. 

May  11,  1873 
May  13,  1873 
May  17,  1873 

....do  
....do  
do       

2.90 
3.16 
3.11 

2.38 
2.61 
2.51 

0.40 
0.  45 
0.45 

0.74 
0.74 
0.71 

12.  Dendroica  coronata,  (L.) — Yellow-rump  Warbler. 

In  much  fewer  numbers  than  the  preceding,  with  which  it  was  asso- 
ciated. Have  heard  males  of  the  two  species  singing  in  the  same  tree. 
All  apparently  migrate  farther  north. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

11 

2  ad 

May     7   1873 

Hensliaw 

2  80 

2  33 

0.40 

0  72 

93 

$  ad. 

May      9,  1873 

...do      

2.90 

2.35 

0.39 

0.73 

123 

9  ad. 

May    17,  1873 

....do  

2.90 

2.33 

0.40 

0.73 

13.  Dendroica  maculosa,  (Gin.) — Black  and  Yellow  Warbler. 

A  single  fine  male  taken  May  17.     ~No  others  were  seen.     This  is  the 
first  note  of  its  occurrence  west  of  the  plains. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

93 

A  ad. 

May    17,  1873 

Henshaw  

2.40 

2.15 

0.45 

0.66 

14.  Dendroica  caerulea,  (Wils.) — Ooeruleau  Warbler. 

A  small  warbler  seen  May  17  was  unquestionably  of  this  species. 
Its  small  size  and  bright-blue  color  made  it  conspicuous  among  a  flock 


REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


59 


of  Audubon's  warblers,  as  they  passed  rapidly  from  tree  to  tree,  but  my 
attention  being  diverted  for  a  moment  I  lost  sight  of  it,  nor  was  it  again 
seen.  Not  hitherto  detected  west  of  the  plains.  "Apparently  common 
at  Leaveuworth,  Kansas"  (Allen). 

15.  Denilroica  striata,  (Forst.) — Black-poll  Warbler. 

Both  sexes  abundant  May  17.     This  is,  1  believe,  the  most  western 
locality  at  which  the  species  has  been  recorded. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

1^0 

0  ad. 

May    17,  1873 

Hensliaw    

2.83 

2  22 

0.42 

0.73 

16.  Seinrus  noveboracensis,  (Gm.) — Small-billed  Water-Thrush. 

One  specimen  secured  May  12.     Afterward  observed  in  small  num- 
bers, frequenting  the  margins  of  pools  and  streams  as  at  the  East. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

53 

9  ad. 

May   12,  1873 

Henshaw  

3.04 

2.25 

0.55 

0.81 

17.  Geotlilypls  triclias,  (L.) — Maryland  Yellowthroat. 
Apparently  not  common.     A  female  shot  May  7. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

19 

9  ad 

May     7  1873 

Hensliaw 

2  12 

2  13 

0  45 

0  71 

18.  Geotlilypis  macgillivrayi,  (Aud.) — Macgillivray's  Warbler. 

A  single  male  taken  May  14.     Both  sexes  common  a  few  days  later. 
Brush-heaps  form  a  favorite  hunting-ground  for  this  species. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

HO 

$  ad. 

May   14,  1873 

Heusbavv  

2.47 

2.34 

0.47 

0.77 

117 
199, 

$  art. 
$  ad. 

MJIV    17,  1873 
May    18,  1873 

....do  
do  

2.43 

2.48 

2.30 
2.38 

0.46 
0.45 

0.82 
0.82 

19.  Myiodioctes  pusillus,  ( Wils.) — Green  Black-capped  Flycatcher. 

Seen  May  14.     Common  among  the  shrubbery  and  trees  that  skirt  the 
small  streams  and  ponds. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date.                     Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail.        Bill. 

Tarsus. 

81 

9  ad 

May    14   1873      Henshaw 

2  21 

2  14         0  40 

0  70 

60        EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  IOOTH  MERIDIAN. 
HiRUNDiNiD^a  (the  Swallows). 

20.  Hirundo  Jwrreorum,  Barton. — Barn-Swallow. 
Not  very  numerous. 

21.  Petrochelidon,  lunifrons,  (Say.) — Cliff- Swallow, 
A  few  pairs  only  seen. 

22.  Tachycineta  thalassina,  (Sw). — Violet-green  Swallow. 
A  few  noted  the  12th  of  May. 

23.  Stelgidopteryx  serripennis,  (Aud.) 

A  few  seen  along  Cherry  Creek  the  6th  of  May.  Common  about  the 
12th. 

LANIID^E  (the  Shrikes). 

24.  Collurio    ludovicianus,  (L.),  var.  excuMtoroides,  Sw. — White-rumped 

Shrike. 

Numerous  individuals  of  this  species  were  seen  during  the  first  days  of 
May,  and  apparently  all  were  mated,  and  possibly  nesting,  though  1  did 
not  succeed  in  finding  any  nests.  It  has  at  this  season  quite  a  number 
and  variety  of  notes,  some  of  which  are  the  call-notes  and  common  to 
both  sexes.  The  male  also  makes  an  occasional  attempt  at  a  song,  and 
the  notes,  though  harsh,  are  not  tmpleasing. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

*>0 

9  ad 

May     7  1873 

HensliQiW 

3  63 

3.90 

0.63 

01.02 

62 

$  ad. 

May    12,  1873 

....do  

3.85 

4.  23 

0.56 

01.04 

(the  Tanagers). 

25.  Pyranga  ludoviciana,  (Wils.) — Louisiana  Tanager. 
But  a  single  individual  seen,  May  20. 

26.  Pyranga  cestiva^  (L.),  var.  cooperi,  Eidg.— Cooper's  Tanager. 
A  single  male  shot  May  10. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail, 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

^\ 

£  yoiiuo; 

May    12,  1873 

Hensliaw  

3.61 

3.00 

0.80 

0.77 

of  year. 

FRINGKLLLIDJE  (the  Finches). 

27.  Chrysomitris  tristis,  (L.) 

Very  abundant  in  large  flocks  in  the  cottonwood-groves  along  the 
Platte  River.    These  fairly  resounded  with  the  twitterings  and  chirp- 


REPORT  UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


61 


ings  of  the  young  males,  which  appeared  to  be  practicing  for  the  full 
concerts  that  follow  later.  Both  sexes  were  molting  and  in  curiously- 
pied  plumage. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

- 

Tarsus. 

7 

A 

May     6,  1873 

Henshaw  

2.87 

2.02 

0.45 

0  56 

100 

$  ad 

Mav     6,  1873 

do 

2  70 

2  06 

o  47 

0  52 

28.  Passerculus  savanna,  (Wils.),  var.  alaudlnus,  Bp. — Savannah  Sparrow. 
Common  the  1st  of  May,  and  noted  in  increasing  numbers  till  the 
12th,  when  they  were  exceedingly  numerous  around  the  small  ponds  and 
marshy  spots. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

59 

$  ad. 

May    12,  1873 

Henshaw  .         ... 

2.83 

2  23 

0  43 

0  78 

191 

$  ad 

May    17  1873 

do 

2  80 

2  15 

0  43 

0  80 

29.  Pocecetes  gramineus,  (Gin.),   var.  confinis,   Bd. — Grass-Finch ;  Bay- 
winged  Bunting. 

Common  and  in  full  song  on  my  first  arrival.  The  song  does  not 
differ  from  that  of  its  eastern  representative,  from  which  the  present 
variety  is  distinguished  by  its  paler  colors  and  somewhat  slenderer  bill. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

18 

X  ad. 

May      7,  1873 

3.25 

2.53 

0.'48 

0.82 

19 

9  ad. 

May     7,  1873 

....do  

3.17 

2.67 

0.45 

0.73 

41 

$  ad. 

May    10,  1873 

....do  

3.13 

2.55 

0.45 

0.83 

30.  Chondestes  grammaca,  (Say). — Lark-Finch. 

Very  common  in  small  companies  along  the  banks  of  the  Platte. 
During  the  vernal  season  its  beautiful  warbling  song  is  hardly  excelled 
by  any  other  species. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

1 

$  ad 

May      6  1873 

Heiishaw 

3  65 

3  05 

0  50 

0  80 

17 

27 
19 

$  ad. 
$  ad. 
$  ad. 

May     7,  1873 
May      9,  1873 
June  —  ,  1873 

....do  
....do  

Dr.  Rothrock  .  

3.43 
3.48 
3.20 

2.90 
3.08 
2.79 

0.50 
0.  50 
0.50 

0.75 
0.78 
0.72 

5 

$ 

June  —  ,  1873 

....do  

3.45 

2.88 

0.52 

0.77 

31.  Zonotrichia  leucoplirys,  (Forst.) — White-crowned  Sparrow. 

Quite  common  in  small  flocks  from  the  7th  till  the  20th.     Dr.  Roth- 
rock  found  it  breeding  in  the  South  Park  in  July. 


62        EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF   IOOTH  MERIDIAN. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

4 

$  ad 

May     6,  1873 

Henshaw        .  

3.02 

3.16 

0.43 

0.92 

16 

4       0(1 

May     7   1873 

do 

3.15 

3.32 

0.43 

0.86 

42 

•*      rj(l 

May    10  1873 

do 

3  16 

3  12 

0.44 

0.93 

87 
107 

<?  ad. 
2  ad 

May    14,  1873 
May    17   1873 

....do  

do 

3.12 

2.95 

3.12 

3.00 

0.43 
0.43 

0.85 
0.85 

67 

Ad 

June  26  1873 

3.18 

3  30 

0.50 

0.95 

32.  Zonotrichia  leucophrys,  (Forst),  var.  intermedia,   Bidgw. — GambePs 

Finch. 

Under  the  variety  intermedia  Mr.  Bidgway  distinguishes  the  Middle 
Province  form  from  the  true  gambeli  as  restricted  to  the  Pacific  coast. 
This  variety  is  to  be  known  by  its  lighter  coloration  and  the  chestnut- 
brown  dorsal  streaks  instead  of  black.  Up  to  the  10th  of  May  a  few 
individuals  were  seen  accompanying  flocks  of  the  preceding,  but  they 
were  evidently  stragglers,  the  main  body  having  passed  on  earlier. 
None  apparently  remain  to  breed,  but  all  pass  further  north. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

15 

9  ad 

May     7,  1873 

Henshaw  .  

2.96 

3.08 

0.46 

0.82 

33.  Spizella  socialis,  (Wils.) — Chipj)ing-Sparrow. 
Bather  common  in  flocks  after  the  6th. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

5 

A  ad 

May     6  1873 

Henshaw 

2  77 

2  52 

0.40 

0.68 

34.  Spizetta  palUda,  (Sw.),  var.  breweri,  Cass. — Brewer's  Sparrow. 
A -single  specimen,  the  only  one  seen,  taken  the  17th. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

116 

9  ad. 

May    17,  1873 

Hensbaw  

2.32 

2,52 

0.38 

0.63 

35.  Melospiza  melodia,  (Wils.),  var.  fallax. — Western  Song-Sparrow. 

But  few  of  this  species  seen.  With  the  exception  of  its  generally 
paler  colors  and  more  slender  bill,  it  presents  little  or  no •  differences 
from  the  eastern  form  (melodia),  and  in  habits  and  notes  the  two  are  ab- 
solutely identical. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

40 

9  ad 

May    10,  1873 

Henshaw  .   

2.  5f> 

2.83 

0.45 

0.82 

14 

9  ad. 

May     7,  1873 

....do  

2.  60 

2.71 

0.48 

0.80 

REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


63 


3G.  Melospiza  lincolni,  (Aucl.) — Lincolu's  Finch. 

A  few  seen  between  the  7th  and  llth  of  May.  By  the  17th  this  was 
one  of  the  commonest  birds,  outnumbering  all  the  other  sparrows.  It 
was  found  in  almost  every  clump  of  bushes  and  grove  of  trees,  but  pre- 
fers moist  thickets. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

13 

$  ad 

May     7   1873 

Henshaw 

2  41 

2  46 

0  45 

0  79 

H4 

A  ad. 

May    14,  1873 

....  do  

2.52 

2  57 

0  44 

0  81 

86 

$  ad 

May    14,  1873 

do 

2  57 

2  65 

0  45 

0  80 

91 

0    a(] 

May    15  1873 

do 

2  25 

2  33 

0  45 

0  75 

100 

A  ad 

May    17,  1873 

...do  .. 

2.48 

2  48 

0  45 

0  83 

101 

9  ad 

May    17,  1873 

do 

2  64 

2  67 

0  45 

0  82 

109 

$  ad. 

May    17,  1873 

do  

2.23 

2.26 

0.44 

0  73 

37.  Calamospiza  bicolor,  (Towns.) — Lark-Bunting. 
Small  flocks  seen  about  ten  miles  south  of  the  city. 

38.  Hedymeles  melanocephalus,  (Sw.) — Black-headed  Grossbeak. 

A  male  seen  the  14th,  and  a  female  the  17th.    Undoubtedly  a  com- 
mon species  later. 

39.  Cyanospiza  amcena^  (Say.) — Lazuli-Finch. 

A  single  male  noted  the  17th.    Observed  on  several  occasions  after- 
ward. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

119 

<?  ad. 

May    17,  1873 

Henshaw 

2  98 

2  42 

0  38 

0  65 

40.  Pipilo  erytJirophtlialmus,   (L.),    var.  megalonyx,  Bd. — Long-spurred 

Towhee. 

Very  common  in  the  brush  in  early  May.  Its  call-note  is  so  exactly 
like  that  of  our  common  cat-bird  as  to  readily  deceive  one  as  to  the 
originator.  It  song,  too,  presents  decided  differences  from  that  of  our 
eastern  towhee  (P.  erythrophthalmus). 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

1 

$  ad. 

May     6,  1873 

Henshaw  

3.53 

4.15 

0.56 

1.05 

2 

$  ad. 

May     6,  1873 

....do  

3.34 

4.05 

0.54 

1.10 

28 

$  ad. 

May     9,  1873 

....do  

3.48 

4.42 

0.55 

1.10 

41.  Pipilo  chlorurusj  (Towns.) — Green-tailed  Bunting. 

Two  seen  for  first  time  May  10 ;  after  which  time  they  were  rather 
common. 


64        EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

IS 

$  ad 

May    10,  1873 

Henshaw      

3  07 

3.66 

0.50 

0.93 

i1 

$  ad 

May    10,  1873 

do 

3  13 

3  55 

0  54 

0  96 

6°) 

2  ad 

May    13  1873 

do 

2  98 

3  38 

0  50 

0  95 

70 

$  ad 

May    13,  1873 

.do    

2  95 

3.40 

0.53 

0.87 

106 

^  ad 

May    17,  1873 

do 

3  14 

3  60 

0  53 

0  95 

150 

A  ad 

May   27  1873 

do 

2  95 

3  35 

0  50 

1  00 

ALAUDID^E  (the  Larks). 
42.  Eremopliila  alpestris,  (Forst.),  var.  chrysolama,  Wagl. 

Quite  numerous  on  the  plains  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  city.  Has 
a  rather  feeble,  but  pleasing,  warbling  song  at  this  season,  which  the 
birds  uttered  while  perched  on  a  fence-rail  or  from  the  ground. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

oq 

A  ad 

May     9   1873 

Hensnaw 

4  12 

2.95 

0  50 

0  80 

30 

$  ad 

May     9,  1873 

..do               

4.  14 

3.03 

0.52 

0.82 

ICTERIDJE  (the  Orioles). 
43.  Molothrus  pecoris,  (Gm.) — Cow-Blackbird. 

Seen  in  small  flocks  of  six  or  seven  during  my  whole  stay  in  the 
vicinity. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

8 

$  ad 

May     6  1873 

Heuslia"W 

4  67 

3  34 

0  73 

1  08 

31 

A  ad. 

May     9,  1873 

...do  

4.50 

3.22 

0.66 

1.04 

33 

$  ad. 

May     9,  1873 

....do  

4.38 

3.29 

0.70 

1.07 

44.  Agcelceus  phcenicens,  (L.) — Eed-winged  Blackbird. 

Both  sexes  common  May  6.  By  the  17th  a  few  pairs  had  selected 
the  sites  for  their  nests,  and  were  about  to  build.  A  female  taken  here 
has  a  conspicuous  bright-red  shoulder-patch,  streaked  slightly  with 
black  and  bordered  with  yellowish- white. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

67 

$  ad 

May   12,  1873 

Henshaw            . 

4  21 

3  45 

0  73 

0.97 

7 

A  ad 

June  —  1873 

Rotlirock 

5  03 

4  20 

0  92 

1   12 

45.  Xantlwcepliahis  icterocephaliis,  (Bon.) — Yellowr-headed  Blackbird. 

Observed  by  Dr.  Rothrock  as  quite  common  on  the  edges  of  swamps 
and  in  the  cottonwoods,  June  3. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

1 

9  ad. 

June    3,  J873 

Dr.  Rothrock  

5.29 

3.71 

0.85 

1.35 

REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


65 


46.  Sturnella  magna  ( L.),  var.  neglecta,  Aud. — Western  Meadow-Lark. 
Common  in  the  fields.     The  differences  of  song  between  this  variety 

and  our  eastern  lark  (magna}  are  very  striking ;  so  much  so  that  farm- 
ers from  the  east  seem  very  generally  to  recognize  this  dissimilarity. 

47.  Icterus  bulloclcii  (Sw.) — Bullock's  Oriole. 

The  males  made  their  appearance  about  the  10th,  and  the  females  a 
few  days  later.  Very  common,  usually  keeping  in  the  tops  of  the  tallest 
trees. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

71 

$  ad 

May  13    1873 

Henslia  w 

4  21 

3  45 

0  75 

0  95 

79 

X  ad. 

May  13,  1873 

do  

3.91 

2.27 

0.74 

0  97 

78 

•?  ad 

May  13    1873 

.do 

3  98 

3  31 

0  75 

0  94 

74 

$  ad. 

May  13,  1873 

do  

4.25 

3.  61 

0.74 

0.95 

75 

9  ad. 

May  13,  1873 

...do  

3.87 

3  82 

0.80 

0  92 

152 

$  ad 

May  27    1873 

do 

4  08 

3  63 

0  77 

0  87 

3 

$  ad 

June  —    1873 

Dr  Rotbrock 

4  05 

3  41 

0  73 

0  94 

3fi 

$  ad. 

Juiie  —  ,  1873 

.do 

4  00 

3  33 

0  75 

0  90 

48.  Scolecopliagus  cyanocplialus  (Wagl.) — Brewer's  Blackbird. 
Seen  the  6th.    Apparently  not  very  common. 

49.  Quiscalus  purpureus  (Bartr.),  var.  wneus,  Ridg. — Bronzed  Grakle. 
Rather  numerous  May  14. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

89 

$  ad. 

May  14,  1873 

Henshaw 

5  60 

4  85 

1  28 

1  43 

CORVID^E  (the  Crows). 

50.  Corvus  corax,  L.,  var.  carnivorus,  Bartr. — American  Raven. 
Common  everywhere.     Subsists  largely  upon  carrion,  and  is  always 

to  be  found  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  slaughter-houses. 

51.  Pica  melanoleuca  (V.),  var.  hudsohica,  Sab. — Magpie. 

Rather  common  in  the  timber  along  the  streams.  Also  eminently 
carnivorous. 

TYRANNIDJE  (the  Flycatchers). 

52.  Tyrannus  carolinensis  (L.) — Kingbird. 

Arrived  the  7th.  Hot  very  common.  Seemed  to  prefer  the  open 
plain,  where  it  perched  upon  the  tall  weeds,  to  the  wooded  districts 
along  the  streams,  most  frequented  by  the  following  species. 

53.  Tyrannus  verticalis,  Say. — Arkansas  Flycatcher. 

One  seen  the  7th.     Common  afterward.     Very  bold,  noisy,  and  quar- 
relsome.   The  males  at  this   season  were  constantly  fighting  among 
5  o  s 


66 


EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF   IOOTH  MERIDIAN. 


themselves,  but  on  the  appearance  of  a  raven  or  hawk,  all  would  unite 
and  make  a  combined  aud  always  successful  attack  upon  the  intruder. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

58 

$  ad. 

May  12,  1873 

Henshaw  

5.27 

4.00 

0.75 

0  77 

63 

$  ad. 

May  12,  1873 

...do  

5.  23 

4.20 

0.78 

0  75 

76 

$  ftd. 

May  12,  1873 

do           .      . 

5.30 

4  11 

0  77 

77 

A  ad 

May   13    1873 

do 

5  20 

4  07 

0  80 

0  75 

78 

$  ad. 

May   13,  1873 

....  do    

4.83 

4.90 

0.70 

0  70 

79 
4 

$  ad. 

May  13,  1873 
Juiie  —    1873 

....do  

Dr.  Rothrock 

5.07 
5  09 

4.88 
4  21 

0.  76 
0  75 

0.  75 
0  74 

4a 

A 

Jnng  —    1873 

do 

4  98 

3  90 

0  73 

0  68 

. 

54.   Sayornis  sayus  (Bon.) — Say's  Flycatcher. 

A  specimen  taken  the  9th.     Rather  uncommon, 
to  those  of  the  eastern  Pewee  (fmcus). 


Habits  very  similar 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

25 

0    a(1 

May     9    1873 

3  90 

3  27 

0  60 

0  71 

98 

9  ad 

May  17,  1873 

do  . 

3  95 

3  23 

0  57 

0  79 

55.  Contophus  virens  (L.),  var.  richardsonii,  Sw. — Western  Wood-Pewee. 
Not  seen  till  the  loth,  when  it  was  not  common. 


No. 


95 
276 


Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

$  ad. 

May  17,  1873 

Henshaw 

3.41 

2.69 

0.54 

0  51 

$  ad 

56.  Empidonax  minimus,  Bd.—  Least  Flycatcher. 

Made  its  appearance  the  12th.     Apparently  not  common. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

97 

$  ad 

May  17    1873 

Henshaw 

2  58 

2  43 

0  40 

0  41 

57.  Empidonax  obscurus  (Sw.) — Wright's  Flycatcher. 

First  seen  the  17th.     Afterward  rather  common,  keeping  among  the 
low  trees  and  bushes. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus 

f»6 

$  ad 

May  12,  1873 

Henshaw  

2.79 

2.75 

0.47 

0.69 

94 

9  ad. 

May  17,  1873 

....do  

2.84 

2.75 

0.48 

0.71 

REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


67 


CAPBIMULGID^E  (the  Goatsuckers). 

58.  Antrostomus  nuttalli,  And. — KuttalFs  Poor- Will. 

May  13,  a  male  was  started  from  among  some  bushes.  Two  days 
later  a  second  was  taken  in  a  similar  locality.  This  may,  perhaps,  be 
taken  as  the  time  of  the  general  arrival. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

90 

$  ad 

May  15,  1873 

Heushaw  - 

5.64 

3.61 

0  43 

0  71 

PICID^E  (the  Woodpeckers). 

59.  Colaptes  auratus  (L.),  var.  mexicanus,  Sw. — Red-shafted  Flicker. 
Common  in  the  cottonwood-groves  along  the  Platte. 

60.  Melanerpes  erythrocephalus,  (L.) — Red-headed  Woodpecker. 

A  single  individual  was  taken  by  Dr.  Rothrock,  June  3,,  and  was  the 
only  one  seen. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

$  ad 

June    3    1873 

Rothrock 

5  66 

3  66 

1  08 

0  90 

FALCONID^E  (the  Falcons). 

61.  Falco  saker,  Schleg.,  var.  polyagrus,  Cass. — Prairie-Falcon. 

Of  this  falcon,  a  single  male  in  adult  plumage  was  shot.  The  speci- 
men is  of  interest,  as  being  the  tbird  only  known  to  have  been  taken 
in  this  plumage.  Mr.  Ridgway  has  kindly  compared  this  with  the 
others  in  the  Smithsonian  collection,  and  finds  it  to  present  the  follow- 
ing differences :  The  transverse  bars  of  the  upper  surface  are  more 
sharply  defined,  and  are  pale  earth-brown  or  dull  ochraceous,  instead 
of  ashy-drab,  and  are  very  distinct  on  the  rump  instead  of  being  entirely 
obsolete.  The  upper  parts  lack  entirely  any  bluish  tinge,  which  is  so 
strongly  marked  on  the  other  two  specimens.  The  markings  on  the 
flanks  are  in  the  form  of  large  transverse  spots  of  dark  vandyke-brown, 
with  intervening  rounded  spots  of  pale  reddish -drab.  Cere,  legs,  and 
feet  light  yellow. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

64 

A  ad. 

May  12,  1873 

Hensliaw 

12  25 

8  00 

0  75 

2  00 

62.  Falco  sparverius,  L. — Sparrow-Hawk. 
Very  common  everywhere. 


No. 

Sex.. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

34 

<?  ad. 

May     9,  1873 

Henshaw  

7.67 

5.05 

0  50 

1  37 

68        EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 

63.  Nismfmcus,  Gm. — Sharp-shinned  Hawk. 

Rather  common.    Creates  sad  havoc  among  the  Turtle- Doves  (Zenai- 
dura  carolinensis). 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

35 

9iun. 

May     9,  1873 

Henshaw  

7.70 

6.75 

0.50 

2.00 

COLUMBIDJE  (the  Doves). 

64.  Zenaidura  carolinensis,  L. — Carolina  Dove. 

In  very  large  numbers  in  the  cotton  wood-groves  along  the  banks  of 
the  Platte,  and  elsewhere  abundant.  The  first  nest  was  found  on  the 
ground  May  7,  and  contained  a  freshly-laid  egg.  This  species  is  sin- 
gularly indifferent  in  the  choice  of  a  location  for  its  nest.  A  favorite 
site  is  the  thick  undergrowth  which  clothes  the  trunks  of  the  cotton- 
woods.  But  nests  may  often  be  found  in  the  same  piece  of  woods,  placed 
in  bushes  and  on  the  ground  ;  and  in  the  latter  case  not  infrequently 
in  an  entirely  open  place.  The  nests  are  usually  but  a  slight  mass  of 
straws  and  twigs  irregularly  disposed,  and  so  slight  is  the  structure 
that  the  eggs  are  often  visible  from  the  ground  through  the  interstices. 


No. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

6 

$  ad 

June  —  ,  1873 

Rothrock  

5.53 

7.14 

0.58 

0.75 

(the  Plovers). 

65.  JEgialitis  vociferus,  L. 

Abundant.    Breeds  on  the  sandy  shores  of  the  Platte  River  in  June. 
Deposits  its  eggs  in  a  slight  hollow  in  the  sand. 


No. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

14 

June     — 

Dr.  Rothrock  

6.06 

3.  75 

0.80 

1.31 

SCOLOPOCID^E  (the  Snipes). 

66.  Gallinago  gallinaria  (Gm.),  var.  wilsonii,  Tenim.— Wilson's  Snipe. 
Quite  a  number  seen  in  marshy  spots  about  small  ponds. 

67.  Macrorhamphus  griseus  (Gm.)— Red-breasted  Snipe. 
An  abundant  migrant. 

68.  Totanus  melanoleucus  (Gin.)— Greater  Yellow-Legs. 
Numbers  seen  in  the  market. 


69.  Totanus  flampes  (Gm.)— Lesser  Yellow-Legs. 
A  few  seen. 


EEPORT   UPON   ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS.  69 

70.  Totanus  solitarius  (Wils.) — Solitary  Sandpiper. 
Quite  common  about  the  ponds  and  along  the  streams. 

71.  Tringoides  macularius  (L.) — Spotted  Sandpiper. 
A  few  seen. 

BEOURVIROSTRIDJE  (the  Avocets). 

72.  Recurvirostra  americana,  Gm. — Avocet. 

Abundant.    Numbers  of  this  and  the  succeeding  species  find  their 
way  into  the  markets. 

73.  Himantopus  nigricollis,  Vieill. — Black-necked  Stilt. 

Less  common  than  the  preceding.    Both  frequent  the  small  ponds 
and  marshes. 

BALLID^E  (the  Bails). 

74.  Rallus  virginianus,  L. — Virginia  Bail. 

A  single  one  of  this  species  was  found  skulking  in  a  bed  of  rushes  in 
early  May. 

ANATIDJE  (the  Ducks). 

75.  Anas  boschas,  L. — Mallard. 
Common. 

76.  Nettion  carolinensis,  Gin. — Green- winged  Teal. 

77.  Querquedula  discors,  Steph. — Blue-winged  Teal. 

78.  Querquedula  cyanoptera,  Cass. — Bed-breasted  Teal. 
All  abundant.  » 

79.  Spatula  clypeata  (L.) — Shoveler. 

One  of  the  most  abundant  of  the  family.     Found  in  every  pond  and 
slough. 

80.  Mareca  americana  (Gm.) — American  Widgeon. 
Bather  numerous. 

81.  Aythyaferina  (L.),  var.  americana,  Eyton. — Bed-head. 
A  few  seen. 

PODICIPIDJE  (the  Grebes). 

82.  Podiceps  auritus,  L.,  var.  caUfornicus,  Heerm. — Eared  Grebe. 
Numerous  in  the  ponds  as  late  as  the  15th. 


SECTION  II. 

Fort  Garland  is  situated  in  Southern  Colorado,  on  the  lowest  bench 
of  the  Sierra  Blanca  Mountains,  distant  twenty  miles  east  of  the  Bio 
Grande,  in  latitude  37°  25'  north,  longitude  105°  26'  west,  and  has  an 
elevation  of  7,600  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Immediately  sur- 
rounding the  post  is  a  sage-brush  plain,  which  to  the  northward  and 


70        EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 


westward  stretches  away  for  many  miles,  presenting  the  same  unvary- 
ing characteristics,  but  to  the  north  and  east  is  broken  up  by  volcanic 
ridges,  which  are  soon  lost  in  the  foot-hills  of  the  mountains.  The  foot- 
hills are  well  clothed  with  pinons  and  cedars.  From  May  24  till  June  3 
the  time  was  spent  in  making  collections  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of 
the  fort,  more  particularly  upon  the  creeks  which  flow  through  the  plain 
and  are  well  timbered  with  cotton  woods,  and  in  many  places  skirted  by 
heavy  brush.  As  might  be  expected,  the  immediate  neighborhood  of 
these  streams  affords  a  home  for  large  numbers  of  birds  ;  the  number  of 
species,  however,  not  being  great,  and  of  these  by  far  the  larger  part 
are  of  the  smaller  insectivorous  kinds.  The  almost  total  absence  of  the 
large  rapacious  birds  was  very  noticeable,  and  during  my  whole  stay  in 
the  region  I  saw  but  two  (Buteo  calurus  and  Buteo  proticus}.  A  week's 
camp  in  the  pine-woods  at  the  base  of  Mount  Baldy,  some  twelve  miles 
to  the  north  of  the  fort,  at  an  approximate  elevation  of  9,500  feet,  added 
numerous  varieties  to  the  list,  many  of  which  were  not  met  with  at  all 
farther  down,  and  also  afforded  an  opportunity  of  observing  the  vertical 
range  of  many  of  the  species.  The  timber  consists  mainly  of  the  yel- 
low pine,  which  here  attains  a  large  size,  interspersed  with  more  or  less 
spruce.  Of  the  deciduous  trees  the  aspens  were  the  only  numerous 
representatives ;  these  grew  in  thick  groves  on  slopes  of  the  mountains, 
and  often  attain  a  great  elevation,  sometimes,  indeed,  forming  the  tim- 
ber-limit above  the  pine.  The  small  streams  are  thickly  skirted  with 
many  deciduous  bushes  and  shrubs,  prominent  among  which  are  the 
willows  and  alders.  The  fauna  at  this  point  is  analogous  to  the  Cana- 
dian. On  returning  to  Garland  I  was  afforded  an  opportunity  of  making 
a  week's  trip  to  the  summer  cavalry-camp  established  on  the  banks  of 
the  Eio  Grande,  ninety  miles  northeast  of  the  fort.  Here  I  was  most 
kindly  received  by  Captain  Carraher  and  Lieutenant  Pond,  officers  in 
charge,  who  extended  to  me  every  courtesy  and  aid.  The  number  and 
variety  of  the  birds  found  along  the  Rio  Grande  at  this  point  did  not 
differ  in  any  noteworthy  respect  from  those  in  the  vicinity  of  Garland, 
and  the  collecting  trips  made  into  the  mountains,  which  rise  a  few  miles 
from  the  banks,  gave  similar  results  to  those  obtained  at  Mount  Baldy. 
Returning  to  the  post  June  19,  a  short  trip  was  made  to  a  series  of  alkali 
lakes,  thirty  miles  northwest,  and  some  interesting  facts  obtained  regard- 
ing the  nidiflcation  of  the  water-birds.  The  remaining  time,  till  July  2,  was 
occupied  in  making  daily  excursions  from  the  fort.  In  conclusion  I  can- 
not refrain  from  mentioning  the  uniform  courtesy  I  received  from  each 
and  all±he  officers  of  the  post.  To  Colonel  Alexander,  the  commanding 
officer,  ro  Captain  Jewitt,  and  to  Lieutenant  Hartz,  whose  hospitality  I 
enjoyed  during  my  stay  at  the  post,  I  am  greatly  indebted.  E yery  pos- 
sible aid  in  the  prosecution  of  my  work  was  extended. 

TUEDID^E  (the  Thrushes). 

1.  Turdus  migratoriuSj  L. — Eobin. 

Moderately  common  in  this  locality ;  nests  in  the  cotton  woods  along 
the  streams.  A  number  of  nests  were  examined,  which  were  composed 
largely  of  sheep's  wool,  which  the  birds  find  clinging  to  the  bushes. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

M 

9  ad 

South  Park,  Col 

June  27 

Rothrock 

5.32 

4.28 

0.83 

1.24 

REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


71 


1.   Turdus pallasii,  Cab.,  var.  audubonii,  Bd. — Audubon's  Thrush. 

Abundant,  especially  in  the  aspen-groves  along  the  mountain-sides, 
at  an  elevation  of  10,000  feet,  where  in  early  morning  I  have  heard 
not  less  than  eight  males  singing  in  concert.  During  the  breeding- 
season  seldom  seen  lower  than  8,000  feet.  A  nest  found  June  7  was 
built  in  the  cavity  of  a  broken  pine-stub  about  three  feet  from  the 
ground;  was  composed  almost  wholly  of  strips  of  bark  and  coarse 
grasses  covered  externally  with  mosses.  It  contained  a  single  light- 
blue  egg. 


No.- 

Sex. 

Locality.                   Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

205 

V»S? 

$  ad. 
9  ad. 

Near  Garland,  Col  ....    May  30 
do  i  June   7 

Henshaw  . 
....  do  .... 

3.85 

3.98 

3.00 
2.95 

6."  50* 

1.20 
1.  09 

9«8 

A  ad. 

do                June   7 

do  

3.75 

3.04 

0.54 

1.12 

3.  Tnrdus  fuscescens  Steph. — Tawny  Thrush. 

This  species  was  found  rather  numerous  along  the  streams  below  an 
elevation  of  about  8,000  feet.  Two  nests  were  found,  both  built  on  the 
ground.  One  taken  June  19  and  containing  four  freshly-laid  eggs  was 
curiously  enough  built  in  and  over  the  nest  of  the  previous  year,  the 
two  making  a  pile  some  five  inches  high.  Eggs  blue,  slightly  darker 
than  those  of  the  preceding. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

142 

$  ad 

Garland  Col 

May  26 

Heushaw 

4  05 

3  28 

0  60 

1  07 

170 

$  ad. 

do  

May  28 

do  

4.19 

3.29 

0.60 

1.16 

376 

577 

9  ad. 
$  ad. 

do  
do  

June  19 
June  19 

...,do  .... 
....do.... 

3.94 

4.07 

3.11 
3.13 

0.57 
0.57 

1.07 
1.12 

4.  Galeoscoptes  carolinensis  (L.) — Catbird. 

In  the  thickets  lining  the  small  streams  a  few  pairs  of  Catbirds  were 
found.  Their  nests,  built  in  low  bushes  and  containing  freshly-laid 
eggs,  were  taken  about  the  middle  of  June. 

5.  Oreoscoptes  montanus  (Towns.) — Sage-Thrasher. 

An  occasional  pair  of  these  birds  were  noticed  in  the  sage-brush  in 
the  immediate  vicinity  of  Fort  Garland,  and  young  just  from 'the  nest 
were  met  with  June  20.  At  the  alkali  lakes  above  mentioned  a  nest 
was  discovered  June  22,  containing  four  eggs  far  advanced  in  incuba- 
tion. The  nest,  a  bulky  structure  of  twiggs  lined  with  grass,  was 
placed  in  a  bush  some  three  feet  from  the  ground.  Eight  or  ten  inches 
above  the  nest  was  placed  a  platform  of  twigs,  which,  whatever  may 
have  been  the  original  intention,  certainly  served  as  an  admirable 
screen  from  the  rays  of  an  almost  tropic  sun.  It  possibly  may  have 
been  intended  as  the  site  of  the  nest,  and  then  for  some  reason  have 
been  abandoned  for  the  one  beneath. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill 

Tarsus. 

401 

$  ad. 

Alkali  lakes,  Col  

June  22 

Henshaw  . 

3.98 

3.83 

0.77 

1.17 

72        EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  JOOTH  MERIDIAN. 

SAXICOLID^  (the  Saxicolas). 

6.  Sialia  arctica,  Swains. — Arctic  Bluebird. 

Found  common  and  breeding  everywhere  in  this  region  from  7,000 
feet  upward.  Nests  frequently  in  a  deserted  woodpecker's  hole,  or  as 
often  in  the  natural  cavity  of  some  decayed  stub.  Two  broods  are 
reared  during  the  season. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

143 

9  ad. 

Garland,  Col 

May   26 

4.30 

2  87 

0  83 

0  81 

169 

$  ad 

do 

May  28 

4  50 

2  88 

0  57 

0  84 

9HO 

9  ad. 

.     .     do      

June    6 

4.36 

2.76 

0  55 

0  80 

3<?6 

$  ad 

Rio  Grande  Col 

June  12 

4  50 

2  92 

0  56 

0  80 

330 

$  ad 

do 

June  12 

4  6F 

3  02 

0  57 

0  86 

356 

$  ad. 

do            

June  15 

4.63 

2.90 

0.57 

0  82 

47 

$  ad 

South  Park  Col 

June  25 

4  35 

2  91 

0  61 

0  85 

SYLVIID^E  (the  Sylvias). 
7.  Regulus  calendula  (L.) 

Very  common  in  the  heavy  pine-forests  at  an  elevation  of  10,000  feet. 
Its  song,  for  so  diminutive  a  bird,  is  remarkably  loud  and  clear,  and  no 
less  wonderful  for  its  sweetness  and  modulation.  June  11,  while  col- 
lecting on  a  mountain  near  the  Rio  Grande,  1  discovered  a  nearly 
finished  nest,  built  on  a  low  branch  of  a  pine,  which  1  have  little  doubt 
belonged  to  this  bird.  The  male  was  singing  directly  overhead,  but 
although  I  watched  for  some  time  in  hopes  of  being  able  to  see  the 
female  in  the  act  of  building,!  was  disappointed.  The  nest  was  a  some- 
what bulky  structure,  very  large  for  the  size  of  the  bird,  externally 
composed  of  strips  of  bark,  and  lined  thickly  with  feathers  of  the 
Grouse  (Canace  obscura). 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

215 

965 

$  ad. 
$  ad. 

Near  Garland,  Col  
do  

May  30 
June   5 

Henshaw. 
do 

2.42 

2  43 

1.60 
1.97 

0.37 
0.34 

0.65 
0.72 

(the  Titmice). 

8.  Parus    atricapillus   (L.),   var.  septentrionalis,    Harris. — Long- tailed 
Chickadee. 

By  no  means  as  common  here  as  the  following  species.  Found  indif- 
ferently in  the  heavy  pine-woods  and  among  the  cottonwoods  of  the 
streams.  Gould  detect  no  differences  in  habits  and  notes  from  the  east- 
ern Chickadee  (atricapillus),  from  which  it  chiefly  differs  in  its  longer 
tail  and  lighter  colors. 

9.  Parus  montanus,  Gambel. — Mountain-Chickadee. 

Abundant.  At  this,  the  breeding-season,  a  rather  exclusive  inhabi- 
tant of  the  pine- woods.  Like  the  preceding,  a  very  active  and  persistent 
insect-hunter,  exploring  every  crack  and  crevice  beneath  the  rough  bark 
for  the  hidden  larvae,  which  are  instantly  dragged  forth,  and,  after  being 
vigorously  hammered  on  some  horizontal  limb  and  reduced  to  a  shape- 
less mass,  eagerly  swallowed. 


REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL  SPECIMENS, 
SITTID^E  (the  Nuthatches). 


73 


10.  Sitta  carolinensis,  Gin.,  var.  aculeata,  Cass. — Slender-billed  Nuthatch. 
Common  j  chiefly  puricoline  in  its  habits,  which  correspond  with  those 
of  its  eastern  representative. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

226 

$  ad 

Garland  Col 

June  3 

Henshaw 

3.45 

2  04 

0  75 

0  65 

11.  Sitta  canadensis,  L. — Bed  bellied  Nuthatch. 

Bather  common  and  found  only  in  the  pine-woods.  The  most  active 
and  restless  of  the  family.  A  nest  of  this  species  was  found  in  a  small 
pine-stub  a  few  feet  from  the  ground.  The  hole  was  excavated  to  the 
depth  of  five  inches  and  thoroughly  lined  at  bottom  with  fine  shreds  of 
pine-bark.  The  eggs,  five  in  number,  were  far  advanced  toward  hatch- 
ing; color  grayish-white,  thinly  spotted  with  reddish  dots,  which  are 
confluent  at  the  larger  end. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tars  u  a. 

211 

996 

$  ad. 
9  ad. 

Near  Garland,  Col  
do  

May  30 
June   3 

Henshaw. 
do  

2.53 

2.48 

1.53 
1.48 

0.54 
0.58 

0.62 

0.58 

12.  Sitta  pusilla.  Lath.,  var.  pygmcea,  Vigors. — Pigmy  Nuthatch. 

By  June  12  I  noticed  these  birds  flying  about  the  high  pine-stubs, 
with  food  in  their  bills  for  their  young.  This  nuthatch  is  very  sociable 
in  its  habits,  and  is  almost  always  found  in  large  flocks.  Even  during 
the  breeding-season  several  are  usually  to  be  seen  in  company,  and  it  is 
not  unusual  at  this  time  to  find  them  associated  with  both  the  preceding 
species,  and  also  the  Titmice,  the  whole  band  apparently  being  on  the 
best  of  terms  with  each  other. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

244 

983 

$  ad. 
9  ad. 

Mountains    near   Gar- 
land, Col. 
do  

June  4 
June  6 

Henshaw  . 
.  do 

2.44 

2  52 

1.58 
1.57 

0.56 
0.54 

0.60 
0.54 

CERTHIAD^E  (the  Creepers). 

13.  Certhia  familiaris,  L.,  var.  americana,  Bon. — Brown  Creeper. 

Of  rather  frequent  occurrence  in  the  pine-region.     Several  specimens 
were  obtained,  which  were  evidently  breeding. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

227 

<?  ad. 

Near  Garland,  Col  

June   3 

Henshaw. 

2.59 

2.14 

0.69 

0.55 

74        EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  IOOTH  MERIDIAN. 


TROGLODYTID^E  (the  Wrens). 

14.  Troglodytes  aedon,  Yieill.,  var.  parkmanni,  Aud. — Parkman's  Wren. 

Very  abundant,  inhabiting  the  undergrowth  of  the  streams.  I  found 
a  pair  building  May  23.  Nearly  a  month  later  a  nest  was  obtained, 
built  in  a  small  stub.  The  hole  was  nearly  filled  up  with  a  mass  of 
twigs,  in  the  center  of  which  was  left  a  deep  cavity,  lined  with  sheep's 
wool  and  feathers.  It  contained  but  a  single  egg.  This  was  white,  cov- 
ered with  tine  reddish-brown  spots. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing, 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

68 

$  ad 

South  Park  Col 

June  27 

Rotlirock 

2  06 

1  90 

0  54 

0  72 

15.  Telmatodytes palustrls  (Wils.),jpaZw^fe)Za,Baird. — Long-billed  Marsh- 
Wren.    . 

This  species  was  numerous  among  the  reeds  of  the  alkali  ponds  in 
this  vicinity.  June  23,  they  were  apparently  just  laying,  as  two  nests 
were  found,  each  containing  but  one  egg.  This  species  is  one  of  the 
very  few  that  seems  never  to  vary  in  the  modeling  of  its  curious  nest. 
These  are  always  nearly  spherical  balls  of  tightly-woven  rushes,  a  small 
hole  being  left  in  the  side  as  an  entrance,  and  thickly  lined  inside  with 
down  and  feathers. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

167 

$  ad. 

Alkali  lakes,  Col  

May  28 

Heushaw. 

2.08 

1.94 

0.50 

0.66 

178 
241 

$  ad. 
$  ad 

do  

do 

May  29 
June   4 

....do  .... 
do 

2.00 
2.04 

2.00 
1.95 

0.51 

0.67 
0.66 

SYLVICOLID^  (the  Warblers). 

16.  Helminthophaga  celata  (Say.) — Orange-crowned  Warbler. 

Met  with  but  on  one  or  two  occasions.  Shows  a  preference  at  this 
season  for  the  scrub-covered  mountain-sides.  A  male  was  taken  in  an 
aspen-grove  at  an  elevation  of  about  11,000  feet.  The  song  is  short,  but 
spirited,  and  consists  of  a  few  trills,  ending  with  a  rising  inflection. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

291 

$  ad. 

Near  Garland,  Col    

• 

May    9 

Hensbaw  . 

2.55 

2.07 

0.45 

0.72 

17.  Dendroica  cvstiva  (Gm.) — Yellow  Warbler. 

Not  uncommon  among  the  deciduous  trees  of  the  streams.  Several 
nests  placed  in  bushes  were  obtained,  and  showed  a  general  similarity 
in  structure  to  the  usual  style.  One,  however,  made  of  sheep's  wool  and 
hempen  material,  lined  with  fine  grasses  and  feathers,  has  more  the  ap- 
pearance of  a  flycatcher's  nest.  Except  that  it  is  thicker  and  more 
carefully  made,  it  might  be  mistaken  for  that  of  Empidonax  pmillus. 
The  ground-color  of  the  eggs  taken  in  the  West  is  pure  white,  and  lacks 
the  greenish  tinge  which  is  characteristic  of  all  eastern  specimens  I  have 
ever  seen. 


-REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


18.  Dendroica  audiibonii  (Towns.) — Audubon's  Warbler. 

This  species  was  a  moderately  common  one  in  the  pine-region  from 
about  9,000  feet  upward.  By  the  1st  of  June  all  were  paired,  and  on 
the  3d  I  saw  a  female  just  beginning  a  nest  in  the  top  of  a  small  spruce, 
some  thirty  feet  from  the  ground.  This  was  finished  June  8,  but  no  eggs 
had  been  laid,  and  1  was  forced  to  content  myself  with  the  nest  alone. 
Outwardly  it  was  composed  of  strips  of  bark  firmly  and  neatly  woven, 
and  lined  with  line  grasses.  It  has  an  external  diameter  of  four  inches 
and  is  one  inch  deep. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

»90 

$  ad. 

Near  Garland,  Col  . 

June  6 

Henshaw 

3.2* 

2  54 

0  43 

0  74 

357 

$  ad. 

do  

June  7 

do 

3  11 

2  40 

0  41 

0  70 

19.  Dendroica  niyrescens  (Towns.) — Black-throated  Gray  Warbler. 

A  warbler  was  seen  June  25  in  a  grove  of  pine-trees  on  the  sides  of  a 
narrow  canon,  which  I  am  quite  confident  was  of  this  species.  It  had 
a  short,  feeble,  but  rather  pleasing  song,  which  it  constantly  emitted  at 
short  intervals  as  it  flew  from  tree  to  tree.  Owing  to  its  shyness,  I  did 
not  succeed  in  capturing  it. 

20.  Geothlypis  macgillivrayi  (And.) — Macgillivray's  Warbler. 
Somewhat  common  along  the  streams;  not  observed  at  a  higher  alti- 
tude than  9,000  feet ;  keeps  much  in  the  swampy  thickets,  where  it 
searches  industriously  under  fallen  logs  and  among  the  dead  leaves  for 
insects,  occasionally  pausing  in  its  labors  to  warble  its  short  pleasing 
song. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

130 

$  ad. 

Garland,  Col  . 

May  25 

Hensliaw 

2  38 

2  47 

0  45 

0  80 

160 

*'ad. 

do  

May  28 

....do.... 

2.57 

2.45 

0.42 

0.81 

21.  Myiodloctes  pmillus  (Wils.) — Green  Black-capped  Flycatcher. 

During  the  last  days  of  May  a  few  stragglers  were  seen  among  the 
cotton  woods,  apparently  still  on  their  way  northward.  Perhaps  a  few 
remain  to  breed. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

44 

$  ad. 

South  Park,  Col  

June  24 

Rothrock 

2.23 

2.17 

0.39 

0  73 

161 

9  ad. 

Garland,  Col 

May  28 

Henshaw 

2  17 

2  18 

0  40 

0  65 

163 

$  ad. 

do 

May  28 

do 

2  12 

2  19 

0  35 

0  68 

163 

$  ad. 

do  

Mav  28 

....do.... 

2.25 

2.07 

0.38 

0.68 

22.  Setopkaga  ruticilla  (L.) — Redstart. 

Not  met  with  at  Garland,  nor  earlier  at  Denver,  but  numbers  seen 
May  23  on  the  Huerfano  River,  eighty  miles  northeast  of  Garland. 

HIRTJNDINID^E  (the  Swallows). 

23.  Petroclielidon  lunifrons  (Say.) — Cliff-Swallow. 

In  large  numbers,  building  under  the  eaves  of  the  post  quarters.     I 
noticed  here  a  very  curious  departure  from  the  usual  method  of  con- 


76        EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  IOOTH  MERIDIAN. 


structing  the  nest.  Under  the  projecting  eaves  of  one  of  the  store- 
houses a  large  colony  had  established  themselves,  there  being  in  the 
neighborhood  of  fifty  nests,  most  of  which  were  built  in  the  usual  fashion. 
But  a  few  pairs,  taking  advantage  of  circumstances,  had  established 
themselves  in  certain  small  passages  which  opened  directly  under  the 
eaves,  and  had  served  as  ventilators.  The  mouth  of  each  one  of  these 
had  been  built  up  with  mud,  a  small  hole  being  left  as  an  entrance. 
Some  twelve  inches  beyond  was  the  nest  proper,  consisting  of  a  small 
pile  of  straws  and  feathers,  on  which  the  eggs  were  deposited.  The 
wisdom  of  the  birds  in  thus  availing  themselves  of  these  holes  was  very 
clearly  demonstrated,  since  nearly  the  entire  labor  of  nest-making  was 
obviated  and  a  much  safer  domicile  secured. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

49,9 

9  ad. 

Garland,  Col  

June  27 

Henshaw 

4.28 

2.13 

0  30 

0.45 

24.  Hirundo  horreorum,  Barton.— Barn- Swallow. 

Common,  nesting  in  the  stables  and  out-buildings  of  the  post. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

66 

South  Park,  Col 

June  26 

Rothrock 

4  73 

4  07 

0  28 

0  42 

161 

c?jun. 

Twin  Lakes,  Col  

Aug.  — 

....do  .... 

4.37 

3.10 

0.32 

0.43 

25.  Tacky cineta  Mcolor^ViQill.) — White-bellied  Swallow. 

Not  uncommon  ;  nests  here  in  old  stubs.     Not  seen  at  a  higher  alti- 
tude than  8,000  feet. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

83 

9  ad 

South  Park,  Col 

Julv    1 

Rothrock 

4  55 

2  50 

0.25 

0.47 

26.  Tachycineta  thalassina  (Sw.) — Violet-green  Swallow. 

A  few  pairs  were  seen  during  the  breeding-season  in  the  same  locali- 
ties as  the  White-bellied  Swallow.  This  species,  however,  attains  a  much 
higher  altitude,  and  at  10,000  feet  I  found  it  very  common  and  in  large 
colonies.  June  7,  they  had  not  begun  to  build,  though  evidently  about 
to  do  so  in  the  high  pine-stubs. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

254 

255 

$  ad. 
A  ad. 

Mountains    near   Gar- 
land, Col. 
.  do  . 

June  5 
June  5 

Henshaw  . 
do 

4.60 
4.55 

1.98 
2.06 

0.23 
0.22 

0.41 
0.42 

956 

$  ad. 

..do  

June  5 

.  do 

4.51 

2.07 

0.23 

0.40 

9FV7 

A  ad. 

do    . 

June  5 

.  do 

4,  45 

2.05 

0.25 

0.40 

258 

A  ad 

do 

June  5 

do 

4  70 

2.15 

0.21 

0.37 

959 

9  ad. 

do  

June   5 

.  do 

4.45 

1.95 

0.22 

0.42 

960 

9  ad. 

.do 

June  5 

.  do 

4.20 

2.00 

0.20 

0.44 

279 

9  ad. 

do  

June  6 

.do 

4.  22 

1.90 

0.20 

0.43 

REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


77 


27.  Stelgidopteryx  serripennis,  (Aud.) — Kough-winged  Swallow. 

Not  uncommon  along  the  streams  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the 
post.  I  think  they  must  have  nested  in  the  hollows  of  trees,  since  I 
could  discover  no  bank  suitable  for  their  excavations. 


(the  Yireos). 

28.   Vireo  gilvus  (Vieill.),  var.  swainsoni,  Bd. — Western  Warbling  Yireo. 

Very  common  in  the  cotton  woods  along  the  streams.     Have  observed 

it  from  6,000  to  10,000  feet,  at  which  latter  height  it  is  very  numerous. 

There  is  nothing  in  habits  and  notes  to  distinguish  it  from  the  closely- 


allied  eastern  form  (gilvus). 
paler  colors. 


It  is,  however,  easily  recognizable  by  its 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

138 

A  ad 

Near  Garland  Col 

May  26 

Hensnaw 

2  83 

2  27 

0  43 

0  68 

175 

o    «"*• 

A  ad. 

do  

May  29 

do 

2.73 

2.27 

0.45 

0.66 

195 

o  a(i 

do 

May  29 

do 

2  60 

2  20 

0.43 

0  66 

196 

*  a(i 

do 

May  30 

do 

2  80 

2  25 

0  43 

0  69 

231 

9  ad 

do 

May    3 

do 

2.76 

2.16 

0.42 

0.70 

232 

$  ad 

do 

June  5 

do 

2  85 

2  30 

0  40 

0  70 

978 

9  ad. 

.   ...  do  

June  6 

.     do 

2.75 

2.17 

0.42 

0.70 

380 

$  ad 

do 

June  19 

do 

2  84 

2  19 

0  42 

0  69 

389 

$  ad 

do 

June  21 

do 

2  83 

2  27 

0  43 

0  68 

29.  Vireo  solitarius  (Wils.),  var.  plumbeus,  Cs. — Lead-colored  Vireo. 
Not  very  common ;  frequenting  about  the  same  localities  as  the  pre- 
ceding, with  perhaps  a  greater  preference  for  the  pine-woods ;  habits 
and  song  identical  with  the  Solitary  Vireo  of  the  East.    A  nest  found  by 
Mr.  C.  E.  Aiken  in  El  Paso  County,  Colorado,  and  by  him  kindly  pre- 
sented to  me,  exhibits  but  little  difference  when  compared  with  nests  of 
the  true  solitarius  taken  in  New  England.     It  is  composed  of  soft,  cot- 
tony substances,  bound  externally  with  strips  of  bark  and  other  filirous 
material,  with  a  lining  of  fine  grasses.    The  eggs  are  pure  white,  spot- 
ted chiefly  at  the  larger  end  with  reddish-brown. 

AMPELID^E  (the  Chatterers). 

30.  Myiadestes  toicnsendii  (Aud.) — Townsend's  Solitaire. 

During  a  week's  stay  at  the  base  of  Baldy  Peak  I  frequently  saw  this 
bird  in  the  pine-forests,  and  as  high  up  on  the  mountain-sides  as  10,000 
feet,  and  its  summer-range  doubtless  extends  up  to  timber-line.  Its 
habits,  as  far  as  I  noticed  them,  are  singularly  like  those  of  the  blue- 
birds. Besides  a  loud,  liquid  call-note,  the  male  has  a  beautiful  warb- 
ling song.  This  somewhat  resembles  the  finest  efforts  of  the  Purple 
Finch  (Carpodacus  purpuretis),  but  far  excels  that  bird  in  power,  sweet- 
ness, and  modulation.  Though  1  searched  most  carefully  for  the  nest  of 
this  species,  I  was  not  successful  further  than  to  satisfy  myself  that  it 
breeds  in  the  crevices  of  the  rocks.  Its  preference  for  such  localities 
during  the  summer,  with  the  evident  solicitude  manifested  on  more  than 
one  occasion,  left  little  doubt  in  my  mind  upon  this  point. 


78        EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  IOOTH  MERIDIAN. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

277 

$  ad 

Garland,  Col 

June   6 

Hensnaw 

4.76 

4.44 

0  56 

0  82 

286 

$  ad 

Rio  Grande  Col 

June   7 

do 

4  64 

4  31 

0  54 

0  75 

324 

9  ad. 

...  do   

June  11 

...  do  

4.66 

4.17 

0.54 

0.80 

325 

$  ad 

do 

June  12 

do 

4.47 

4.20 

0.54 

0  82 

LANNIID^E  (the  Skripes). 

31.  Collurio  ludovicianus   (L.),  var.  excubitoroides,  Sw. — White-rum ped 
Shrike. 

Apparently  rather  rare  in  this  locality,  as  I  saw  but  one  or  two. 

TANAGRID^E  (the  Tanagers). 

32.  Pyranga  Uidoviciana  (Wils.) — Louisiana  Tanager. 

Common,  and  nowhere  more  so  than  among  the  pines,  at  an  elevation 
of  10,000  feet.  Its  song  is  tine,  and  not  unlike  that  of  the  Scarlet  Tan- 
ager (P.  rubra). 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

192 

./     VOUI)°* 

Garland  Col 

May  29 

Heushaw 

3.77 

3.04 

0  61 

0.77 

193 

of  year. 
9  ad 

do 

May  29 

do  .     . 

3.66 

3.04 

0.66 

0.78 

906 

$  ad. 

do  

May  30 

....do  

3.85 

3.05 

0.61 

0.76 

253 

9  ad. 

.do     .... 

June   5 

....  do  

3.58 

2.90 

0.63 

0.76 

281 
321 
322 

$  ad. 
$  ad. 
$  ad. 

do  

Rio  Grande,  Col  
do  .  

June   6 
June  12 
June  12 

....do.... 
....  do.... 
....do.... 

3.82 
3.83 
3.82 

3.00 
3.08 
2.97 

0.60 
0.60 

0.81 

0.74 
0.75 
0.79 

FBINGILLID^S  (the  Finches). 

33.  darpodacus  cassinii,  Bd. — Cassin's  Purple  Finch. 

Apparently  not  common  in  this  region.  A  single  small  flock  was  seen 
the  middle  of  June  near  the  Eio  Grande.  The  song  much  resembled 
that  of  the  eastern  Purple  Finch  (C.  purpureus), 

34.  CarpodacusfrontaUs  (Say). — House-Finch;  Burion. 
Apparently  rather  rare  in  the  vicinity  of  Garland ;  but  at  Taos,  sev- 
enty-five miles  farther  south,  I  saw  great  numbers.     A  large  colony  had 
established  their  nests  in  the  interstices  of  a  thatched  roof  of  a  shed 
directly  adjoining  the  house.     These  nests  were  bulky,  inartistic  struc- 
tures, made  of  twigs  and  sheep's  wool;  eggs  five  in  number,  greenish- 
blue,  spotted  with  black.     From  the  extreme  sociability  of  these  birds 
and  their  beautiful  song,  they  are  great  favorites,  and  are  carefully  pro- 
tected in  all  the  towns. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

768 

$  ad 

Garland  Col 

May  28 

Henshaw 

3  10 

2.55 

0.40 

0.67 

REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


79 


35.  Clirysomitri-s  pimw  (Wils.) — Pine-Finch. 

May  _M),  a  flock  of  perhaps  fifteen  individuals  were  seen.  These  were 
in  the  breeding-dress,  and  the  species  undoubtedly  spends  the  summer 
in  the  mountains  of  Colorado. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

BiU. 

Tarsus. 

180 

$  ad 

Garland  Col 

May  29 

Hensliaw 

2  88 

1  98 

0  41 

0  57 

181 

9  ad. 

do           

May  29 

do  

2.73 

1.82 

0.40 

0.55 

182 

$  ad 

.do 

May  29 

do 

2.68 

1.88 

0.48 

0.54 

36.  Loxla  curvirostra,  L.,  var.  americana,  Wils. — Red  Crossbill. 
Probably  breeds  in  the  pine-region.     Several  specimens  were  taken 

during  the  mouth  of  June  that  evidently  had  raised  their  young  long 
before. 

37.  Leucosticte  australis,  'Allen. — Graj^-crowned  Finch. 

The  following  interesting  notes  are  given  by  Dr.  Roth  rock,  who  found 
the  species  very  abundant  in  the  mountains  back  of  Fairplay,  in  the 
South  Park,  and  also  at  Mounts  Harvard,  Evans,  Red  Mountains,  and 
elsewhere.  These  birds  are,  in  habitat,  the  associates  of  the  White- 
tailed  Ptarmigan,  and,  like  that  bird,  are  never  found  below  the  timber- 
line  in  summer,  ranging  thence  upward  to  the  summits  of  the  highest 
peaks.  It  is  never  found  singly,  but  usually  in  flocks  of  from  six  to 
thirty,  and  rarely  far  away  from  large  bodies  of  snow ;  its  favorite  re- 
sort being  the  edges  of  snow- banks,  where  they  find  grass-seeds,  and 
also  a  small  black  coleopterous  insect.  Even  when  found  among  the 
scrub-pines,  which  was  rarely  the  case,  it  was  noticed  that  they  seldom 
alighted  on  a  tree,  but  kept  constantly  on  the  ground.  At  all  times 
they  were  rather  shy  and  suspicious.  The  specimens  taken  were  all  in 
breeding-dress. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

69 
69rt 
696 
69c 

$  ad. 
$  ad. 
$  ad. 
$  ad. 

South  Park,  Col  
do  .. 
do  
do  

July    2 
July    2 
July    2 
July    2 

Rothrock 
....do... 
....do... 
do 

3.98 
4.13 
4.20 
4  23 

3.00 
3.07 
3.12 
3  13 

0.75 
0.74 
0.75 
0  75 

0.38 
0.50 
0.43 
0  42 

69d 

$  ad. 

do  

July    2 

....do... 

4.24 

3.12 

0.75 

0.48 

38.  Passerculus  savanna,  Wils.,  var.  alaudinus,  Bon. — Western  Savan- 
nah Sparrow. 

Common  in  this  region  as  elsewhere  throughout  the  West.     Generally 
found  in  the  vicinity  of  water. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

9,19 

$  ad. 

Garlaudj  Col 

May  30 

Hensliaw 

2  81 

2  17 

0  43 

0  82 

213 

$  ad. 

do  

May  30 

do 

2.79 

2  14 

0  43 

0  75 

214 

$  ad. 

do  

Mav  30 

....  do.... 

2.83 

2.24 

0.48 

0.82 

80        EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  IOOTH  MERIDIAN. 


39.  Pooccetes  gramineus  (Gm.),  var.  conftnis,  Bd. — Western  Grass-Finch. 
Abundant.     Nests  on  the  ground  among  the  sage-brush.     Two  nests 

were  obtained  in  South  Park,  Colorado,  by  Dr.  Rothrock.  Nest  a  slight 
structure  of  dried  grasses,  lined  slightly  with  cottony  substances  from 
plants.  Eggs  four  or  five  in  number,  of  a  greenish-white  ground-color, 
blotched  all  over  with  light-brown  and  obsolete  markings  of  purple,  with 
a  few  black  streamings. 

40.  ZonotricMa  leucophrys  (Forst.) — White-crowned  Sparrow. 

This  species  was  not  observed  by  me  after  the  1st  of  June.  Dr.  Roth- 
rock,  however,  found  it  breeding  in  the  South  Park. 

41.  Junco  caniceps  ( Woodh.) — Red-backed  Snowbird. 

In  the  heavy  pine-woods  in  the  neighborhood  of  Garland  and  among 
the  bushes  that  fringe  the  small  mountain-streams,  this  snowbird  was 
the  most  abundant  species  of  the  locality.  By  the  1st  of  June  the 
greater  number  appeared  to  be  paired  and  breeding,  though  I  was  not 
able,  after  a  careful  search,  to  find  their  nests. «  The  song  consists  of  a 
rapid  succession  of  low,  trilling  notes,  which  is  usually  emitted  from 
the  top  of  some  low  spruce  or  pine.  Upon  leaving  the  mountains  of 
Colorado,  this  species  was  left  behind,  and  in  New  Mexico  is  replaced  in 
the  mountains  by  the  closely-allied  form  dorsalis. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

207 

9,08 

$  ad. 

Mountains  near   Gar- 
land, Col. 
do 

May  30 
May  30 

Henshaw  . 
do 

3.17 
3  02 

3.02 
2  81 

0.50 

0  48 

0.79 
0  82 

209 
229 

9  ad. 
$  ad. 

do  
do  

June   3 
June    3 

.do 
do 

2.98 
3  14 

2.83 
2  92 

0.47 
0  50 

0.81 
0  77 

264 

989 

$  ad. 
9  ad 

do  

do 

June   3 
June   6 

.do 
do 

3.11 
3  14 

2.98 
2  81 

0.49 
0  50 

0.78 
0  75 

983 

$  ad. 

......  do    . 

June   6 

do 

3  30 

3  00 

0  47 

0  79 

284 
292 

$  ad. 

9 

do  
do  

June   6 
June   7 

.do 
.  do 

3.36 
2.92 

3.06 
2.71 

0.47 
0.47 

0.78 
0.80 

42.  Spizella  socialis  (Wils.) — Chipping  Sparrow. 

Not  uncommon,  keeping  to  the  wooded  districts  along  the  streams. 
Notes  and  habits  precisely  as  at  the  East. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

355 

$  ad. 

Rio  Grande,  Col  

June  15 

Hensliaw 

2  85 

2  62 

0  37 

0  65 

49,3 

$  ad. 

Garland,  Col 

June  27 

do 

2  88 

2  50 

0  39 

0  70 

43.  Spizella  pallida  (Sw.),  var.  breweri,  Cass. — Brewer's  Sparrow. 

Rather  numerous.  Inhabits  the  sage-brush  and  greasewood  of  the 
plains.  Its  song  is  short  and  weak,  and  somewhat  resembles  that  of 
the  Yellow- winged  Sparrow  (C.  passerinus).  It  consists  of  a  short  pre- 
lude, followed  by  a  succession  of  short,  quickly-uttered  notes,  very  well 
expressed  by  the  striking  together  of  pebbles.' 


REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


81 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsu  s. 

141 
179 

$  ad. 
$  ad 

Fort  Garland,  Col  
do 

May  26 

May  29 

Henshavr 
do 

2.  52 
2  40 

2.44 
2  54 

0.47 
0  38 

0.66 
0  73 

411 

$  ad 

do 

June  23 

do 

2  37 

2  52 

0  37 

0  68 

44.  Meloftpiza  melodia  (Wils.),  var.  fallax,  Bd. — Western  Song-Sparrow. 
Not  common.     Frequents  moist  localities  in  the  neighborhood  of  water. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

134 

A  ad. 

Garland,  Col 

May  25 

Henshaw 

2  77 

2  88 

0  52 

0  86 

177 

$  ad. 

do  

May  29 

do 

2.80 

2.88 

0.50 

0.82 

4^8 

2  ad. 

do              

June  28 

.  do 

2  53 

2  82 

0  57 

0  83 

\ 

45.  Melospiza  lincolni  (Aud.) — Lincoln's  Finch. 

By  the  last  of  May  nearly  all  of  this  species  had  disappeared,  migrat- 
ing to  the  northward.  A  few  stragglers  were,  however,  seen  here; 
shy  and  retiring  in  their  habits,  preferring  the  deep  thickets  along  the 
streams.  A  few  may  possibly  remain  during  the  summer  among  the 
high  mountains. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

1S3 

$  ad 

Garland   Col 

May  25 

2  45 

2  50 

0  49 

0  79 

46.  Hedymeles  melanocephalus  (Sw.) — Black-headed  Grossbeak. 
Rather  rare.     But  one  or  two  seen. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

135 

A  ad 

Garland   Col 

May  25 

Hensliaw 

3  93 

3  15 

0  70 

0  91 

373 

$  ad. 

do  

June  19 

...,do.... 

4.27 

3.69 

0.72 

0.88 

47.  Cyanospiza  amcena  (Say). — Lazuli  Finch. 

None  seen  in  this  vicinity.  Common  on  the  Huerfano  River,  sixty 
miles  northeast  of  Garland.  Song  resembles  in  its  character  that  of  the 
Indigo-bird  (C.  cyanea),  but  is  much  weaker,  and  the  strains  less  me- 
lodious. 

48.  Pipilo  maculatus  (Sw.),  var.  megalonyx,  Bd. — Long-spurred  Towhee. 
Uncommon.  A  few  were  seen  skulking  among  the  dense  undergrowth, 

and  very  shy. 

49.  Pipilo  aberli,  Bd.— Abert's  Towhee. 

Though   no  specimens  were  secured,  pretty  good   evidence  of  the 
presence  of  this  species  at  the  alkali  lakes  northwest  of  Garland  was 
6os 


82        EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 

obtained  by  the  discovery  of  a  nest  containing  two  eggs,  which  a  careful 
comparison  with  specimens  in  the  Smithsonian  Institution  satisfies  me 
must  have  belonged  to  this  bird.     It  had  evidently  been  deserted  a 
short  time  before.      The  ground-color  of  the  eggs  is  a  faint   bluish 
white,  with  heavy  black  blotches  and  streaks  at  the  larger  end. 

50.  Pipilo  chlorurus  (Towns.) — Green-tailed  Finch. 

Common.  Frequenting  both  the  sage-brush  of  the  plains  and  thickets 
of  the  streams.  Nests  both  in  bushes  and  on  the  ground.  Nest  com- 
posed of  stalks  of  weeds  and  coarse  grasses,  lined  with  rootlets  and  fine 
grass.  Eggs  usually  four  or  five  in  number,  bluish-white,  spotted  with 
reddish-brown  and  purple.  In  one  nest  was  found  an  egg  of  the  Cow- 
Bunting. 

IOTERID^E  (the  Orioles). 

51.  Dolichonyx  oryzivorns  (L.) — Bobolink. 

At  the  Huerfauo  crossing,  May  22,  three  or  four  individuals  were  seen 
in  company,  apparently  migrating.  Not  found  at  Garland. 

52.  Molothrus  pecoris  (Grn.) — Cow-Bunting. 

An  egg  found  in  the  nest  of  Pipilo  chlorurus  was  the  only  indication 
of  the  presence  of  the  species. 

53.  Agelaius  phceniceus  (L.) — Eed-winged  Blackbird. 

Common  in  the  marshes  of  the  alkali  lakes,  breeding  plentifully 
among  the  rushes. 

54.  Xantlioceplmlus  icterocephalus  (Bon.) — Yellow-headed  Blackbird. 

Very  numerous  at  same  locality  as  the  preceding.  June  22,  many 
nests  were  found,  some  containing  young,  others  fresh  eggs,  while  others 
still  were  in  process  of  construction.  Always  gregarious.  Flocks  of 
these  birds  were  numerous  on  the  Bio  Grande  in  June. 

55.  Sturnella  magna  (L.),  var.  neglecta,  Aud. — Western  Meadow-Lark. 
Numerous. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

1<VI 

$  ad 

Garland,  Col  

May  29 

Henshaw. 

4.90 

3.40 

1.30 

1.40 

56.  Icterus  bullockii  (Sw.) — Bullock's  Oriole. 

But  few  individuals  seen  in  this  region.  Song  rich,  clear,  and  melo- 
dious. 

57.  Scolecopliagm  cyanoceplmlus  (Wagl.) — Brewer's  Blackbird. 

In  large  numbers  on  every  creek  and  in  each  marshy  spot.  The 
resemblance  of  their  actions  and  notes  to  those  of  the  Itusty  Blackbird 
( S.  ferruginous)  have  been  noticed  by  all  observers.  In  the  choice  of  a 
nesting-site  they  are  extremely  variable,  usually,  however,  building 
quite  low.  Have  found  their  nests  in  trees,  in  bushes,  in  tussocks  of 
grass,  and  beneath  the  overhanging  banks  of  streams.  These  are  six 


REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


83 


or  seven  inches  in  diameter,  very  bulky,  and  composed  of  sticks,  weeds, 
and  coarse  grasses,  inside  which  is  usually  a  thick  layer  of  mud,  lined 
with  rootlets  and  fine  grasses.  The  eggs  vary  in  number  from  four  to 
six,  usually  five ;  the  color  varies  from  a  dull  olivaceous  to  a  pale  bluish- 
white,  and  are  thickly  covered  with  blotches  of  light-brown  and  burned- 
umber,  this  latter  color  often  in  the  form  of  wavering  lines.  In  some 
specimens  the  brown  spots  are  confluent,  and  nearly  hide  the  ground- 
color. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

171 

$  ad 

Garland,  Col 

May  28 

Henshaw 

5.47 

4.66 

0.90 

.33 

107 

<£  ad. 

do  

May  29 

.  .do 

5.08 

4.50 

0.90 

.23 

377 

$  ad. 

.  .  do        

June  19 

.   .do 

5.13 

4.28 

0.86 

.26 

378 

$  ad 

do 

June  19 

do 

4.73 

3.75 

0.77 

.  17 

379 

$  ad. 

do  

June  19 

.   .do 

4.47 

3.82 

0.85 

.20 

385 

$  ad. 

.do        

June  20 

.     do 

5.30 

4.28 

0.86 

.24 

424 

$  ad 

do        n 

June  28 

do 

5.  11 

4.21 

0.  88 

15 

425 

$  ad 

do 

June  28 

do 

5  15 

4'  10 

0  87 

22 

426 

$  ad 

do 

June  28 

.do 

4.93 

4.  25 

0.83 

.26 

CORVID^E  (the  Crows). 

58.  Corvus  cor  ax,  L.,  var.  carnivorus,  Bart. — Raven. 

Abundant;  especially  numerous  about  cattle-ranches.    Breed  usually 
on  inaccessible  cliffs. 

59.  Picicorvus  columbianus  (Wils.) — Nutcracker;  Clarke's  Crow. 
During  the  latter  part  of  May,  I  met  with  this  species  once  or  twice 

in  the  neighborhood  of  Baldy  Peak,  ten  miles  from  Garland.  They 
appeared  very  uneasy,  flying  about  and  alighting  on  the  high  pine-stubs, 
but  their  extreme  shyness  rendered  it  impossible  to  approach  within 
satisfactory  observing  distance.  As  the  previous*  year  in  Utah,  where 
this  was  an  abundant  species,  their  shyness  and  habit  of  constantly 
moving  from  place  to  place  made  all  attempts  to  even  procure  a  speci- 
men fruitless,  my  surprise  may  be  imagined  when,  on  visiting  the  sum- 
mer cavalry-camp  established  on  the  Rio  Grande,  I  found  these  birds 
regular  daily  visitors  about  camp,  and  exhibiting  the  same  confiding 
familiarity  as  does  the  well-known  Canada  Jay  or  Whisky- Jack  (Peri- 
soreus  canadensis)  of  the  north  in  the  lumberman's  camp.  Early  in  the 
morning  their  well-known  hoarse,  rattling  cries  proclaimed  their  pres- 
ence, as  they  flew  down  from  the  tops  of  the  high  pine-clothed  ridges, 
where  at  night  they  always  retired  to  roost.  So  tame  had  they  become 
that  they  would  frequently  alight  on  the  ground,  or  the  low  branch  of 
a  tree,  but  a  few  feet  distant  from  the  lookers-on,  and  on  one  occasion  a 
fearless  individual  was  seen  to  enter  a  tent.  On  the  ground,  their 
motions  appeared  somewhat  awkward,  and  they  were  only  perfectly  at 
home  when  among  the  pine-trees,  in  a  small  grove  of  which  the  tents 
were  pitched.  They  eagerly  seized  upon  any  of  the  refuse  thrown 
away  by  the  cook,  and  scraps  of  meat  were  readily  taken,  and,  if  too 
large  to  be  easily  swallowed,  carried  up  to  the  nearest  horizontal  limb 
and  vigorously  hammered  till  reduced  to  proper  fragments.  The  corn 
and  grain  scattered  about  by  the  horses  when  feeding  were  also  special 
objects  of  attention.  They  were  rather  quarrelsome,  and  when  a  con- 
tented croak  betrayed  the  finder  of  some  titbit  a  number  instantly  made 


84        EXPLOKATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 


a  dive  for  the  fortunate  possessor,  and  both  pursuers  and  pursued  would 
disappear  among  the  pines.  I  have  little  doubt  but  that  they  nest  in 
the  cavities  of  trees,  and  one  was  seen  to  enter  a  hole,  which  contained 
apparently  the  remains  of  an  old  nest.  Young  birds  taken  in  June  are 
easily  distinguished  from  the  old  by  the  general  hoariness  of  the 
plumage.  In  these  the  bluish  ash  is  replaced  to  a  great  extent  by  a 
plumbeous  white,  becoming  almost  pure  white  about  the  throat. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

190 
309 

$  ad. 
$  ad. 

Near  Garland,  Col  
Rio  Grande,  Col  

May  29 
June  10 

Henshaw 
.   .do      . 

7.  25 
7.  75 

4.92 
4.81 

1.66 
1.65 

.38 
.40 

310 

$  ad. 

do  

June  10 

.   .do 

7.37 

4.87 

1.  32 

.40 

314 

£  inn. 

do 

June  11 

do 

7.  18 

4.68 

1.30 

35 

31  5 

A  iun. 

do  

June  11 

.   .do 

7.33 

4.49 

1.58 

.30 

316 

£  ad. 

..do  . 

June  11 

.     do 

7.60 

4.65 

1.25 

.35 

317 

A  1U11. 

do 

June  11 

do 

7.70 

4.70 

1  60 

.33 

343 

9  inn 

do 

J  uue  14 

do 

7  10 

4  52 

1  28 

40 

344 

9  itm. 

do        

June  14 

.     do 

7.20 

4.50 

1.24 

.43 

60.  Gymnokitta  cyanocephala  (Maxim.) — Maximilian's  Jay. 

This  curious  jay  seems  to  be  as  eminently  gregarious  during  the 
summer-moriths'as  later  in  the  fall  and  winter.  I  frequently  saw  them 
flying  from  place  to  place  in  search  for  food,  always  keeping  up  their 
harsh,  querulous  notes,  which,  though  somewhat  jay-like,  are  yet 
peculiar  to  this  bird.  They  seem  to  shun  the  dense  pine-forests,  and 
keep  in  the  open,  hilly  country,  where  they  always  are  found  among 
the  piiions  and  cedars. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

147 

$  ad. 

Garland,  Col  

May  26 

Henshaw. 

5.63 

4.33 

1.25 

1.35 

I 

61.  Pica  melanoleuca  V.,  var.  hudsonica,  Sab. — Magpie. 

On  the  Huerfano  River,  May  22,  this  species  was  very  common,  and 
many  of  their  nests  were  seen  among  the  thick  branches  of  the  small 
trees,  usually  about  twenty  feet  from  the  ground.  These  are  clumsy, 
dome-like  structures,  made  of  coarse  sticks,  the  bottom  of  the  nest 
being  lined  with  mud.  The  birds  enter  through  a  small  hole  left  in  the 
side,  which  is  scarcely  to  be  seen  from  the  ground.  One  nest  contained 
seven  nearly  fledged  young,  and  as  I  was  climbing  up  to  examine  the 
structure,  alarmed,  they  clambered  out,  and  after  clinging  to  the  sides 
of  the  nest  till  I  had  nearly  reached  them,  they  one  after  another 
launched  themselves  out,  and  soon  tumbled  to  the  ground.  Meantime 
the  parent  birds  made  their  appearance,  and  their  cries  of  rage  soon 
brought  at  least  a  dozen  birds  to  their  assistance.  The  whole  colony 
kept  flying  around  my  head,  screaming  and  scolding,  and  exhibiting 
the  utmost  rage  5  nor  did  they  cease  their  outcries  and  efforts  to  dis- 
tract my  attention,  till  they  had  seen  me  well  away  from  the  neigh- 
borhood. 

62.  Cyanura  stelleri  (Gm.),  var.  macrolopha  Bd. — Long-crested  Jay. 
This  beautiful  bird  is  very  abundant  throughout  the  pine-region.     It 

is  usually  quite  shy  and  suspicious,  but  on  the  Eio  Grande  they  daily 


REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


85 


visited  our  camp  in  considerable  numbers,  contending  with  the  Clarke's 
Crow  for  the  fragments  of  food  thrown  away.  They  were,  however, 
always  on  the  alert,  and  on  the  first  show  of  hostility  were  off  to  the 
high  pines. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

33 

/  ad. 

Georgetown,  Col 

June  — 

Roth  rock 

6.05 

5.72 

1.14 

1  71 

33a 
200 
261 

$  ad. 
$  ad. 

N.  Fork  of  Platte,  Col  . 
Near  Garland,  Col  
.  do 

July  — 
May  31 
June   5 

....do  ... 
Heushaw 
.  do      . 

5.53 
5.62 

5.86 

5.  25 
5.54 

5.  58 

1.04 
1.13 
1  17 

1.54 
1.65 
1  65 

308 

* 

do 

June  10 

do 

5  54 

5  20 

1  05 

1  65 

63.  Perisoreus  canadensis  (L.),  var.  capitalis,  Baird. — Rocky  Mountain 

Gray  Jay. 

Common  in  the  pine-region  near  Garland,  and  also  in  South  Park, 
where  specimens  were  obtained  by  Dr.  Rothrock.  I  found  old  birds 
feeding  their  fully  fledged  young  the  middle  of  June.  These  quite 
likely  were  second  broods.  The  habits  of  this  bird  seem  to  correspond 
closely  with  those  of  its  eastern  ally,  canadensis.  It  is  very  tame,  and 
seems  to  have  no  feeling  regarding  man  other  than  curiosity.  It  has  a 
great  variety  of  notes,  and  one  which  I  often  heard  is  a  perfect  imita- 
tion of  the  Red-tailed  Hawk. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

40 

ad. 

Snake  River  Col 

Rothrook 

6.09 

5.73 

0.85 

1.43 

40a 

65 

2  inn. 

do  

Soutb  Park,  Col 

June  27 

....do  .... 
..do  

5.65 
5.  60 

5.58 
5.65 

0.93 

0.88 

1.39 

1.28 

65a 
909, 

Jun. 

$  ad. 

do  

Garland,  Col...    .. 

June  27 
May  30 

....do  .... 
Henshaw. 

5.90 
6.10 

5.94 
5.93 

0.87 
0.83 

1.43 
1.36 

223 

387 

$  ad. 
rf  iun. 

do  
do  

June   3 
June  20 

....do,.... 
...do  

5.95 

6.04 

6.06 
5.97 

0.90 
0.83 

1.37 
1.34 

(the  Tyrant  Flycatchers). 

64.  Sayornis  sayus  (Bon.) — Say's  Pewee. 

Not  uncommon  in  this  region.  Its  manner  of  nesting,  habits,  and  the 
general  character  of  the  notes  much  resemble  those  of  the  eastern 
pewee  (S.fu8CU8).  A  nest  found  June  27  beneath  the  evts  of  one  of  the 
outbuildings  of  the  post  was  composed  of  bits  of  twine,  shreds  of  cloth, 
and  other  like  substances,  cemented  together  with  mud.  The  cavity 
was  quite  shallow,  and  lined  thickly  with  horse-hair  and  sheep's  wool. 
Eggs,  four  in  number,  pale  yellowish-white,  without  spots. 

65.  Contopus  borealu  (Sw.) — Olive-sided  Flycatcher. 

A  common  and  highly  characteristic  bird  of  the  pine-region,  ranging 
from  about  7,000  feet  up  to  timber  line.  Its  favorite  perching  places 
are  the  tops  of  the  high  pine-stubs.  From  these  stations  it  makes  fre- 
quent sallies  after  passing  insects,  and  seems  rarely  to  miss  its  prey. 
When  thus  engaged,  the  clicking  noise  of  its  bill  may  be  heard  quite  a 
distance  off.  About  the  1st  of  June  they  had  all  mated,  and  each  pair 
maintained  a  most  jealous  watch  over  the  neighborhood  chosen  as  its 


86 


EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 


summer-residence,  never  allowing  the  intrusion  of  the  larger  birds  to 
pass  unnoticed.  The  loud  call-notes  of  the  male  are  at  this  season 
almost  incessantly  repeated.  After  watching  the  actions  of  several 
pairs,  I  felt  sure  that  certain  thick,  tall  fir-trees  had  been  selected  as  the 
sites  of  their  nests,  but  these  I  was  not  able  to  detect,  and  I  do  not 
think  that  the  nest  is  finished  and  the  eggs  deposited  much,  if  any,  before 
the  latter  part  of  June. 
Bill  black ;  lower  mandible  light-brown  ;  legs  and  feet  black. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

140 
149 

$  ad. 

Near  Garland,  Col  
do 

May  26 

May  26 

Henshaw 
do 

4.18 
4.  17 

3.05 
3  00 

0.75 
0  76 

0.54 
0  60 

273 

A  ad 

do 

June  6 

do 

4  49 

3  15 

0  72 

0  57 

974 

$  ad. 

do  

June  6 

..do 

4.38 

3.15 

0.73 

0.58 

985 

$  ad. 

..do  . 

June  6 

do 

4.30 

3  00 

0  77 

0  60 

323 

9  ad 

Rio  Grande  Col 

June  12 

do 

4  04 

3  08 

0  71 

0  58 

340 

£  ad 

do 

June  14 

do 

4  00 

2  98 

0  78 

0  57 

G6.  Contopus  virens  (L.),  var.  richardsonii,  Sw. — Western  Wood-Pewee. 
The  most  abundant  representative  of  the  family.  Inhabits  the  dark 
recesses  of  the  pine- woods  as  well  as  the  edges  of  clearings  and  ravines. 
Unlike  the  preceding  species,  which  stations  itself  on  the  loftiest  stubs, 
this  flycatcher  pursues  its  prey  among  the  lower  branches  of  the  trees, 
and  often  descends  almost  to  the  ground  to  snap  up  a  fly  or  moth.  Its 
song  bears  a  slight  resemblance  to  that  of  the  eastern  pewee  (G.  virens), 
but  is  shorter  and  much  more  emphatic.  The  call-note  is  entirely  differ- 
ent. A  nest  kindly  presented  by  Mr.  Aiken,  and  found  by  him  near 
Fountain,  Col.,  shows  but  little  difference  in  style  and  structure 
when  compared  with  eastern  examples.  It  is  composed  mostly  of 
sheep's  wool,  externally  covered  with  bits  of  bark  and  leaves,  and  lined 
with  fine  grasses.  Its  depth,  of  an  inch  and  a  half,  is  greater  than  in 
any  I  have  ever  seen  in  the  East,  but  possibly  this  may  have  been  ren- 
dered necessary  for  the  preservation  of  the  eggs,  on  account  of  the 
prevalence  of  high  winds  in  this  locality. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

9,63 

$  ad. 

Garland,  Col  

June   5 

Henshaw  . 

2.66 

2.95 

0.54 

0.51 

975 

$  ad. 

dt>            

June   6 

do 

2.38 

2  68 

0.53 

0.54 

27(5 

$  ad 

'    do 

June   6 

do 

2  66 

2  95 

0  54 

0  51 

318 

$  ad. 

Rio  Grande,  Col  

June  17 

do  .... 

3.25 

2.66 

0.64 

0.51 

67.  Empldonax  pusillus  (Sw.) — Little.  Flycatcher. 

Wherever  willows  are  found  growing  in  small  clumps  or  fringing 
the  streams,  this  flycatcher  is  almost  certain  to  be  found  common,  and 
it  is  rarely  seen  in  the  summer  in  other  situations.  Its  habits  and 
notes  appear  to  be  identical  with  those  of  its  eastern  analogue,  irom 
which  it  differs  mainly  in  its  paler  coloration.  Its  nest  is  placed  in  the 
upright  fork  of  a  bush  or  sapling  but  a  few  feet  from  the  ground,  and  is 
composed  of  grasses  and  fibrous  material,  rather  loosely  woven  together, 
and  lined  with  fine  grasses.  Its  general  appearance  is  much  like  that 


REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


of  the  nest  of  the  Yellow  Warbler  (D.  cestiva),  but  it  is  not  nearly  so 
compact  nor  artistic. 


No. 

Sex. 

Collector. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

1TI 

$  ad 

Garland   Col 

May  25 

Henshaw 

2  81 

2  64 

0  55 

0  67 

164 
165 

$  ad. 
$  ad 

do  

do  , 

May  27 
May  28 

....do  .... 
do 

2.83 

2.75 

2.  65 

2  49 

0.52 
0  55 

0.68 
0  68 

166 

$  ad 

do 

May  28 

do 

2  H2 

2  53 

0  58 

0  68 

174 

r?  ad 

do  

May  29 

....do  

3.00 

2.60 

0*51 

0  65 

68.  Empidonax  obscurus  (Sw.) — Wright's  Flycatcher. 

Apparently  a  rather  rare  summer-resident  iu  this  region.  Bub  two 
specimens  were  taken;  these  in  worn  breeding-plumage  in  June. 

69.  Empidonax  hammondi,  Vesey. — Hammond's  Flycatcher. 

While  collecting  in  the  mountains  near  the  Eio  Grande  during  the  mid- 
dle of  June,  I  saw  several  pairs  of  this  little  Flycatcher.  I  found  them  in 
the  pine-region  on  the  small  streams  fringed  here  and  there  with  alders, 
but  they  seemed  to  hunt  by  preference  amoiig  the  contiguous  pines. 
Their  habits  are  somewhat  peculiar,  and  have  but  little  of  the  dash  and 
spirit  which  characterize  most  of  the  birds  of  this  family,  and  espe- 
cially the  Least  Flycatcher  (E.  minimus),  with  which  this  species  seems 
most  nearly  related.  After  snapping  up  a  passing  insect,  it  resumes  its 
perch  upon  some  low  limb,  and  remains  nearly  motionless  for  a  time, 
giving  an  occasional  listless  jerk  of  the  tail.  The  notes  are  very  feeble, 
the  most  so  of  any  flycatcher  I  am  acquainted  with,  and  consist  of  a 
soft  pit,  varied  with  a  low,  lisping  thistle. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

341 

9  ad. 

Rio  Grande,  Col  

June  14 

Henshaw 

2.64 

2.13 

0.41 

0.61 

70.  Empidonax  flaviventris  Bd.,  var.    difficilis,    Bd. — Western    Yellow 

bellied  Flycatcher. 

An  occasional  pair  seen  in  the  same  locality  as  the  preceding,  where 
it  was  found  inhabiting  the  deep  shady  glens  of  the  pine- woods,  often 
near  a  running  stream.  It  is  a  rather  energetic  insect-hunter,  contin- 
ually swooping  down  after  passing  insects,  and  when  waiting  for  its 
prey  moving  its  tail  with  nervous  and  excited  jerks. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

349 

9  ad. 

Rio  Grande,  Col    ..   .. 

June  14 

Henshaw 

2  57 

2  37 

0  43 

0  62 

ALOEDINIDJE  (the  Kingfishers). 

71.  Ceryle  alcyon  (L.) — Belted  Kingfisher. 

An  occasional  resident  on  the  creeks,  and  not  uncommon  on  the  Rio 
Grande. 


88        EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 


CAPRIMULGLD^E  (the  Goatsuckers). 

72.  Antrostomus  nuttalli  (Aud.) — NuttalFs  Whippoorwill. 

This  bird  is  found  in  varying  numbers  throughout  this  entire  region, 
but  everywhere  it  is  much  more  numerous  than  its  cousin  of  the  Eastern 
States.  It  makes  its  appearance  in  the  deeply-shadowed  portions  of  the 
river  bottoms  a  few  minutes  before  dusk,  and,  as  soon  as  night  settles 
down,  the  rather  mournful  note  of  poor-will,  poor-will,  may  be  heard 
coming  from  the  edges  of  the  woods,  and  even  from  the  sage-brush 
plains.  Their  notes  are  most  often  noticed  in  early  evening,  and  again 
just  before  dawn,  but  not  infrequently  their  song  is  heard  through  the 
entire  night.  When  on  the  wing  after  insects,  their  flight  consists  of 
rapid,  irregular  turnings  and  windings,  which  are  prolonged  but  a 
moment  or  so,  when  they  alight,  often  on  a  fallen  log,  but  usually  on  the 
bare  ground.  Occasionally,  at  dusk,  I  have  seen  them  alight  almost  at 
my  feet,  without  betraying  any  sense  of  ray  presence.  When  flying 
they  emit  acoristantly^repeated  clucking  note,  which  is,  I  think,  common 
to  both  sexes.  Their  eggs  are  pure  white,  without  spots,  and  are 
deposited  on  the  ground  during  the  latter  part  of  June. 

73.  Chordeiles  popetue  (Yieill.),  var.  henry i,  Oass. — Western  Night- Hawk. 
An  exceedingly  abundant  species  everywhere  in  the  vicinity  of  water. 

Often  seen  at  noonday  flying  over  the  surface  of  stagnant  pools,  catch- 
ing the  insects  which  swarm  in  such  places.  They  are,  however,  usually 
most  active  just  before  dusk,  and  on  the  banks  of  the  Eio  Grande  I 
have  seen  them  at  this  time  make  their  appearance  in  hundreds. 

TROCHILID^  (the  Humming-Birds). 
71.  Selasphorus  platycercus  (Sw.) — Broad-tailed  Humming-Bird. 

This,  the  only  humming-bird  seen  in  this  region,  was  found  in  very 
great  numbers.  Though  most  common  on  the  creeks,  at  an  altitude  of 
about  7,000  feet,  it  also  reaches  well  up  timber-line.  A  nest,  found 
June  14,  was  saddled  to  a  horizontal  limb  of  a  small  spruce ;  a  second, 
taken  the  IvJth,  w7as  built  on  a  small,  swinging  branch  of  a  cottonwood. 
They  are  less  artistic  structures  than  usual  with  birds  of  this  family, 
and  are  composed  of  cottony  substances  from  plants,  covered  externally 
with  bits  of  bark  and  moss.  Both  contained  two  white  eggs,  perfectly 
fresh.  During  the  mating,  and  perhaps  also  through  the  entire  breeding 
season,  the  flight  of  the  male  is  always  accompanied  by  a  curious,  loud, 
metallic,  rattling  noise,  which  he  is  enabled  to  produce  in  some  way  by 
means  of  the  attenuation  of  the  outer  primaries.  This  is,  I  think, 
intentionally  made,  and  is  analogous  to  the  love-notes  of  other  birds. 
Though  1  saw  many  of  these  birds  in  the  fall,  it  was  only  very  rarely 
that  this  whistling  noise  was  heard,  and  then  with  greatly  diminished 
force. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

126 

A  ad. 

Garland,  Col 

May  25 

Henshaw 

1.97 

1.44 

0.44 

127 

$  ad 

do 

May  25 

do 

1  98 

1  45 

0.65 

128 

A  ad. 

do  

May  25 

....do  ..... 

1.90 

1.  50 

0.65 

128  a 

$  ad. 

do 

May  25 

do  .     ... 

1.97 

1.44 

0.65 

128& 
157 

$  ad. 
$  ad. 

do  „  
do  

Mav  27 
May  28 

....do    
....do  

1.93 

1.88 

1.40 
1.50 

0.68 
0.72 

159 

$  ad. 

do 

May  28 

.do  

1.90 

1.36 

0.64 

347 

£  ad. 

do  

Mav  14 

....do  

1.96 

1.48 

0.72 

REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


89 


PICID^E  (the  Woodpeckers). 

75.  Picus  villosus,  L.,  var.  harrisii,  Aud. — Harris's  Woodpecker  j   West- 
ern Hairy  Woodpecker. 
Au  inhabitant  of  the  pine-woods,  where  it  is  found  abundant  up  to 

timber-line. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

228 

$  ad. 

Mountains  near   Gar- 
laud,  Col. 

June   4 

Heushaw. 

3.98 

2.83 

0.67 

0.65 

76.    Picus  pubescens  L.,  var.  gairdeneri  Aud. — Gairdner's  Woodpecker; 

Western  Downy  Woodpecker. 

While  the  preceding  is  perhaps  the  most  characteristic  woodpecker 
of  the  West,  the  present  species  is  quite  common.  During  my  stay  in 
this  vicinity  three  were  secured ;  a  pair  in  a  grove  of  cottonwoods,  the 
third  in  the  pines  at  an  elevation  of  perhaps  10,000  feet.  These  were 
all  breeding. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

146 
999 

9  ad. 
9  ad. 

Near  Garland,  Col  
do 

May  26 

JllfJ6     3 

Henshaw. 
do 

4.10 
4  09 

2.84 
3  00 

0.70 
0  67 

0.65 
0  63 

238 

$  ad 

do 

do 

3  95 

2  81 

0  67 

0  60 

77.  Picoides  arcticus  (Sw.),  var.  dorsalis,  Bd. — Striped-backed  Wood- 
pecker. 

A  single  individual  was  taken  in  June  at  an  altitude  of  10,000  feet. 
It  was  a  female,  and  from  the  swollen  condition  of  the  abdomen  was 
evidently  incubating. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

221 

70 

9  ad. 
9  ad. 

Mountains  near   Gar- 
laud,  Col 
South  Park,  Col  .   . 

June   3 
June  28 

Henshaw. 
Rothrock 

4.72 
4  78 

3.43 
3  46 

1.05 
1  05 

0.77 
0  77 

78.  Sphyrapicus  varius  (L.),  var.  nuchalis,  Bd. — Ked-naped  Woodpecker. 
A  very  common  inhabitant  of  the  cottonwoods;  rarely  seen  among 
the  pines.     Found  by  Dr.  Kothrock  in  South  Park,  among  the  aspens, 
up  to  12.000  feet.    The  young,  in  nesting- plumage,  were  taken  July  12. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

136 
145 

9  ad. 
$  ad. 

Near  Garland,  Col  
do 

May  25 

May  26 

Heusliaw. 
do 

5.04 
4  98 

3.42 
3  10 

0.85 
0  86 

0.77 
077 

153 
154 

$  ad. 

9  ad. 

do  
do    

May  27 

May  27 

....do  .... 
do 

5.07 
4  9rf 

3.40 
3  15 

0.90 

0  88 

0.82 
0  73 

179, 

9  ad. 

do 

Mav  2(> 

do 

4    QQ 

3  35 

0  88 

0  77 

9,9,6 

cf  ad 

.   do 

.June    '•> 

do' 

4  92 

2  90 

0  ^8 

077 

228 

9  ad. 

do  

tin  no    2 

do 

4  80 

'5   lf> 

0  90 

0  77 

9,36 

$  ad. 

do 

June   4 

do 

4  g# 

.)  i)j 

0  93 

0  £0 

9,67 

A  ad 

do 

June   5 

do 

4  go 

Q    IF: 

0  QO 

0   77 

90        EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 


79.  Sphyrapicus  tliryroideus  (Cass.) — Black-breasted  Woodpecker. 

This  species  was  first  made  known  to  science  through  a  description 
by  Cassiii,  published  in  December,  1851,  in  Pr.  A.  N.  Sc.  In  1857,  Dr. 
JSfewberry  published  a  description  of  Williamson's  Woodpecker  (8.  wil- 
liamsonii)  from  specimens  obtained  by  Lieutenant  Williamson's  expedi- 
tion, since  which  time  the  two  species  have  been  accepted  by  orni- 
thologists as  perfectly  valid,  the  true  relationship  of  the  two  being 
wholly  unsuspected.  While  near  Garland,  I  obtained  abundant  proof  of 
the  specific  identity  of  the  two  birds  in  question,  williamsonii  being  the 
male  of  thryroidens.  Though  led  to  suspect  this,  from  finding  the  two 
birds  in  suspicious  proximity,  it  was  some  time  before  I  could  procure 
a  pair  actually  mated.  A  nest  was  at  length  discovered,  excavated  in 
the  trunk  of  a  live  aspen,  and  both  the  parent  birds  were  secured  as 
they  flew  from  the  hole,  having  just  entered  with  food  for  the  newly  - 
hatched  young.  As  regards  the  sexual  differences  of  coloration,  the 
case  of  thryroidens  is  wholly  unique.  In  this  species,  the  colors  of  the 
female  are  radically  different  from  those  of  the  male.  With  this  single 
exception,  as  far  as  known,  the  differences  of  color  between  the  sexes  in 
the  family  of  woodpeckers  are  confined  mainly  to  the  absence  or  less 
amount  of  the  bright  crimson  or  red  patches  about  the  head.  The 
species  is  a  resident  of  the  pine-woods,  abundant  at  an  altitude  of 
10,000  feet,  and  doubtless  is  found  at  least  up  to  the  pine-limit.  Except 
in  evincing  at  all  times  a  marked  preference  for  pine-timber,  rarely 
indeed  alighting  on  any  of  the  deciduous  trees,  their  habits  and  notes 
seem  to  correspond  pretty  closely  with  those  of  Sphyropicus  nuchalis. 
The  stomachs  of  all  the  specimens  examined  contained  nothing  but 
insects  and  Iarva3.  As,  however,  the  structure  of  the  tongue  is  identical 
with  varius,  the  species  may  possibly,  in  winter  and  spring,  when  other 
food  is  scarce,  feed  upon  the  inner  bark  of  the  deciduous  trees,  as  the 
common  sapsuckers  (varius  and  varieties)  are  well  known  to  do.  I  never 
noticed  anything,  however,  which  would  lead  me  to  suppose  this.  The 
nest  mentioned  above  was  dug  to  the  depth  of  seven  inches,  and  was 
one  and  three-fourths  inches  in  diameter.  The  egg-shells  had  not  been 
removed ;  and  one  which  is  tolerably  whole  shows  their  similarity  with 
those  of  varius,  but  appears  a  trifle  larger. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

198 

217 

919 

$  ad. 

9  ad. 
$  ad. 

Mountains   near  Gar- 
land, Col. 
do  ...-  
do  

May  30 

June   2 
June   3 

Henshaw. 

..do  .. 
do  . 

5.40 

5.08 
5.20 

3.75 

3.28 
3.75 

0.95 

0.91 
0.90 

0.85 

0.77 

0.85 

220 
934 

$  ad. 
$  ad. 

do  
do  

June   3 
June  4 

....do  .... 
....do  .... 

5.  37 

5.28 

3.80 

3.85 

0.95 
1.07 

0.85 

0.84 

235 
329 
334 

$  ad. 
9  ad. 
$  ad 

do  
do  

do 

June   4 
June  12 
June  13 

....do  .... 
....do  .... 
do 

5.25 
5.  50 
5  45 

.3.70 
3.63 
3  63 

0.95 
0.95 
1.01 

0.87 
0.81 
0.80 

335 

$  ad. 

do  . 

June  13 

do 

-5.30 

3.60 

0.93 

0.80 

80.  Melanerpes  erythrocephalus  (L.) — Red-headed  Woodpecker. 

Dr.  Eothrock  saw  this  species  in  South  Park,  in  July,  at  an  elevation 
of  nearly  10,000  feet,  and  obtained  a  single  specimen  at  the  Twin  Lakes 
at  about  the  same  height.  Not  seen  near  Garland,  but  noted  on  the 
Huerfano  River,  eighty  miles  northeast  of  this  post,  from  which  I  judge 
it  occurs  generally,  but  sparingly,  in  Colorado. 


REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


91 


81.  Colaptes  aurntus  (L.),var.  mejoicanus^Sw. — Red-shafted  Woodpecker. 
Abundant  everywhere,  frequenting  indifferently  the  deciduous  and 
coniferous  trees  up  to  timber-line.  A  natural  cavity  in  a  cottonwood- 
tree  contained  three  fresh  eggs.  This  was  May  22.  A  male,  taken  at 
Fort  Garland,  is  noticeable  as  having  distinct  black  markings  in  the 
red  maxillary  patch. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

189 

2  ad 

Garland  Col  

May  29 

Henshaw. 

6.47 

5.05 

1.50 

1.10 

272 

i  afi 

do 

June   6 

do  

6.50 

4.84 

1.35 

1.08 

284 

9  ad 

..do  

June   7 

....do  .... 

6.23 

4.30 

1.42 

1.08 

STRIG-IDJE  (the  Owls). 

82.  Bubo  virginianus  (Gm.),  var.  arcticus  Sw. — Western  Great-horned 
Owl. 

But  oiie  seen  among  the  mountains.     Said  to  be  not  uncommon  in 
fall  and  winter,  descending  to  the  plains. 

FALCONID^E  (the  Falcons). 

83.  Falco  sparverius,  L. — Sparrow-Hawk. 
Common  everywhere  below  10,000  feet. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

184 

9  ad. 

Garland,  Col  . 

May  28 

Henshaw 

7.77 

5.38 

0.47 

1.50 

4 

$  ad 

Twin  Lakes  Col 

Au0*  — 

Rothrock 

7  20 

5.13 

0.45 

1.42 

84.  Buteo  lorealis  (Gm.),  var.  calurus,  Cass. — Western  Red-tail. 

Not  common.  A  fine  adult  bird  was  noticed  on  several  occasions, 
soaring  far  above  a  tract  of  pine- woods. 

85.  Archibuteo  ferrugineus  (Licht.) — California  Squirrel- Hawk. 

Not  met  with  during  the  summer.  In  November,  this  species  was 
numerous  on  the  plains  about  Pueblo,  and  also  near  Colorado  City. 
Unquestionably  breeds  in  the  mountains. 

86.  Archibuteo  lagopus  (Brtinn.),  var.  sancti-johannis,  Gm. 

Not  seen  near  Garland.  Probably,  however,  spends  the  summer  in 
the  mountains,  as  the  species  was  a  common  one  on  the  plains  near 
Colorado  City. 

CATHARTIDJE:  (the  American  Vultures). 

87.  Rkinogrypus  aura  (L.) — Ked-headed  Vulture. 

Apparently  rather  rare  in  this  region.  A  few  seen  during  the  month 
of  June,  sailing  high  in  air. 


92        EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 


COLUMBIDJE  (the  Pigeons). 

88.  Zenaidura  carolinensis  (L.)— Carolina  Dove. 
Abundant  between  7,000  and  10,000  feet. 

TETRAONID.^  (the  Grouse). 

89.  Canace  obscura  (Say). — Dusky  Grouse. 

Abundant.  Found  during  the  summer  on  the  mountain -ridges,  in 
groves  of  pine  and  aspen,  from  7,000  feet  up  to  timber-line.  Dr.  Roth- 
rock  obtained  specimens  and  found  the  species  numerous  at  an  altitude 
of  from  10,000  to  12,000  feet;  those  at  the  former  elevation  frequenting 
the  cotton  wood-groves,  while  at  the  latter  they  were  found  in  the  pines 
only.  It  is  quite  tame  and  unsuspicious,  and  when  forced  to  fly,  which 
it  does  unwillingly,  takes  to  the  nearest  tree,  and  then,  as  if  incapable 
of  further  effort,  stands  gazing  at  the  intruder  with  outstretched  neck 
till  brought  down  by  a  shot  from  a  gun  or  a  revolver.  A  nest  found  June 
16  contained  seven  eggs  just  on  the  point  of  hatching.  The  nesting- 
site  was  a  peculiar  one,  being  in  an  open  glade,  where  the  grass  had 
been  recently  burned  off.  The  nest  proper  was  a  slight  collection  of 
dried  grass,  placed  in  a  depression  between  two  tussocks,  there  appar- 
ently having  been  no  attempt  made  at  concealment.  The  eggs  are  pale 
yellowish-white,  spotted  irregularly  with  reddish  brown ;  length,  1.95 ; 
diameter,  1.39. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

129 

9  35 

7  90 

0  75 

1  60 

63 

9.10 

7.40 

0.75 

1.60 

31  9 

A  ad. 

Rio  Grande,  Col. 

June  12 

Henshaw 

9  70 

7  50 

0  75 

1  75 

90.  Centrocercus  uropliasianus  (Bon.) — Sage-Cock. 

Not  found  by  me  in  vicinity  of  Garland.     A  single  flock  was  seen  by 
Dr.  Eothrock  on  the  headwaters  of  the  Arkansas  in  August. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

7 

2(?) 

Twin  Lakes,  Col  

Aug.  — 

Rothrock  . 

10.  20 

7.50 

1.23 

1.78 

91.  Lagopus  leucurus,  Sw.— White-tailed  Ptarmigan. 

This  beautiful  species  was  found  by  Dr.  Kothrock  abundant  in  the 
mountains  of  South  Park  during  the  latter  part  of  June  and  July.  It 
ranges  from  the  timber-line  to  the  summits  of  the  highest  peaks,  show- 
ing always  a  preference  for  rocky  localities.  It  was  found  at  the  ex- 
treme height  of  14,400  feet,  in  the  most  sterile  districts,  where  no  vege- 
tation existed.  Their  habits,  as  observed  by  Dr.  Eothrock,  were  as  follows : 
During  the  heat  of  the  day  they  remain  quiet  beneath  the  shelter  of 
the  rocks,  but  in  early  morning  and  evening  were  seen  running  over  the 
ground,  actively  engaged  in  searching  for  food,  and  keeping  up  a  con- 
stant chirruping.  They  usually  seemed  entirely  devoid  of  fear,  allowing 
themselves  to  be  almost  trodden  upon  before  taking  flight,  but  some- 


REPORT   UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


93 


times  wore  very  shy  and  wild.  The  young  birds  well  grown  were  seen 
July  10,  so  that  the  eggs  are  deposited  by  the  first  of  May.  The  nest  is 
simply  a  small  cavity  scratched  in  the  earth  under  a  projecting  rock, 
sometimes  with  a  slight  lining  of  sticks  and  grasses,  but  ofteuer  with- 
out. In  winter  they  descend  into  the  timber,  and  are  then  so  tame  as 
to  be  often  killed  with  clubs. 


No. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

101 

South  Park,  Col  . 

July  — 

Rotnrock 

7  30 

4  25 

0  58 

1  15 

102 

do 

JUly  

do 

7  '27 

4  58 

0  56 

1  24 

(the  Plovers). 

92.  ^Egialitis  vociferus  (L.) — Kildeer-Plover. 

Frequently  met  with  in  pairs  in  June  along  the  water-courses.  I 
found  the  young  just  from  the  nest  June  14. 

93.  JEgialitls  montanus  (Towns.) — Rocky-Mountain  Plover. 

This  species  was  met  with  but  in  one  locality,  on  the  dry  plains  near 
the  Eio  Grande.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  lack  of  time  did  not  allow 
a  more  careful  examination  of  the  habits  of  this  little  known  species. 
While  riding  rapidly  along  in  an  ambulance  I  saw  quite  a  number,  and 
shot  three  as  they  ran  from  before  the  horses  and  halted  a  few  feet  from 
the  road.  From  their  actions  I  was  certain  that  their  eggs  were  near 
by,  but  a  short  search  did  not  reveal  them.  Upon  dissecting  a  female,  I 
found  an  egg  nearly  ready  to  be  deposited.  This  was  June  10.  They 
were  very  tame,  running  along  the  ground  a  few  feet  ahead,  and  uttering 
a  low,  croaking  note. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill, 

Tarsus. 

305 

$  ad. 

Rio  Grande,  Col 

June  10 

Henshaw 

5  93 

2  95 

0  81 

1  45 

806 

9  ad. 

do  

June  10 

....do,... 

5.80 

2.75 

0.89 

1.48 

307 

$  ad. 

do  

June  10 

....do.... 

5.50 

2.59 

0.85 

1.38 

SCOLOPACID^E  (the  Snipes). 

94.  Tringoides  macularlus  (L.) — Spotted  Sandpiper. 

A  few  individuals  were  seen  in  June.    Doubtless  breed. 

KECURVIROSTRID^'  (the  Stilts  and  Avocets). 

95.  Recurvirostra  americana,  Gm. — Avocet. 

An  abundant  summer- resident  on  the  shores  of  the  alkali  lakes  north- 
west of  Garland.  At  the  time  of  my  visit,  June  21,  the  greater  number 
evidently  had  young,  as  I  found  many  broken  egg-shells  along  the 
shores.  Wherever  I  went,  the  parent-birds  manifested  the  greatest 
solicitude,  flying  about  my  head  in  flocks,  and  uttering  their  loud,  hoarse 
cries.  They  are  adept  swimmers,  freely  alighting  on  the  surface  of  the 
water,  where  they  float  buoyantly  and  gracefully.  The  food  of  these 


94        EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 


birds,  as  well  as  the  stilts  and  ducks,  seems  to  consist  almost  exclus- 
ively, at  this  season,  of  the  larvae  of  single  species  of  insect,  with  which 
the  alkaline  water  fairly  swarms.  The  crops  of  the  birds  examined  were 
filled  with  these  and  a  few  water-beetles.  They  deposit  their  eggs  in 
a  slight  hollow  scratched  iu  the  sand  and  lined  with  weeds.  These  are 
four  in  number,  of  a  dull  olive-brown  color,  blotched  all  over  with  black. 
Length,  2.00-1.43;  (No.  2,)  1.85-1.07;  (No.  3,)  1.91-1.43:  (No.  4,)  1.91- 
1.42. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

389 

$  ad 

Alkali  lakes  Col 

June  21 

HensLaw 

8  80 

3  73 

3  60 

3  50 

390 

$  ad. 

.  .  do  

June  21 

do 

8.90 

3  97 

3.76 

3  40 

391 

9  ad 

do 

June  21 

do 

9  00 

3  70 

3  36 

3  32 

96.  Himantopm  nigricollis,  Vieill. — Stilt. 

Nearly  as  abundant  as  the  preceding.  Like  it,  the  eggs  had  been 
hatched,  and  I  found  the  young  but  just  from  the  nest.  One  nest,  built 
in  the  same  manner  as  the  one  mentioned  above,  contained  fresh  eggs. 
They  are  indistinguishable  from  those  of  the  preceding  species  except 
by  their  smaller  size. 

Length,  1.74-1.31;  (No.  2,)  1.74-1.27;  (No.  3,)  1.74-1.27. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

393 

$  ad. 

Alkali  lakes,  Col  

June  21 

Hensbaw  . 

9.25 

3.42 

2.60 

4.48 

39S 

9  ad. 

do  

June  21 

....  do  

8.50 

3.57 

2.55 

3.95 

400 

$  ad. 

do  .. 

June  22 

....do  .... 

8.60 

3.28 

2.48 

3.94 

404 

9  ad. 

do  

June  22 

....do  .... 

8.60 

3.21 

2.51 

4.12 

RALLIDJE  (the  Rails). 

97.  Fulicaamericana,  Gm. — Coot. 

Very  numerous  at  the  lakes.  They  breed  in  colonies  among  the 
rushes,  the  nests  often  being  but  a  few  feet  apart.  They  are  very  bulky 
structures,  composed  of  weeds  and  rushes  raised  to  a  height  of  several 
inches  from  the  surface  of  the  water,  so  that  the  eggs  are  kept  perfectly 
dry,  and  are  moored  to  the  stems  of  the  surrounding  reeds.  The  great- 
est number  of  eggs  found  iu  one  nest  was  eleven,  and  most  contained 
from  five  to  seven,  showing  that  they  were  not  through  laying.  This 
was  June  22. 

ANATID^E  (the  Ducks). 

The  following  ducks  were  found  at  this  same  locality.  Besides  those 
given,  others  occur  here  as  summer-residents,  but  owing  to  their  shy- 
ness the  species  could  not  be  satisfactorily  determined : 

98.  Anas  boachas,  L. — Mallard. 
Rather  numerous.     Breeding. 

99.  Querquedula  cyanoptera  (Vieill.) — Red-breasted  Teal. 

100.  Querquedula  discors  (L.) — Blue- winged  Teal. 

Both  observed  in  considerable  numbers.     Several  teals'  nests  were 


REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


95 


found  with  partial  complements  of  eggs ;  bat  owing  to  tbe  absence  of 
the  owners,  their  identity  could  not  be  determined. 

101.  Nettlon  carolinemis  (Gin.) — Green-winged  Teal. 

Also  common.  A  nest  containing  ten  eggs  was  found  under  a  sage- 
bush,  perhaps  thirty  feet  from  the  water's  edge.  A  deep  hollow  had 
been  scooped  in  the  sand,  and  lined  warmly  with  fine  grasses  and  down, 
evidently  taken  from  the  bird's  own  breast,  which  was  plucked  nearly 
bare.  The  eggs  are  of  a  pale-yellowish  color,  aud  average  1.81  in  length 
by  1.31  in  diameter. 


102.  Spatula  clypeata  (L.) 
Rather  common. 


-Shoveler. 


103.  Chaulelasmus  streperus  (L.) — Gad  wall. 
A  few  seen. 

PODICIPID^E  (the  Grebes). 

104.  Podiceps  auritus  (L.),  var.  calif ornicuSj  Heerm. — American  Eared 
Grebe. 

Common.  A  colony  was  found  breeding,  their  nests  being  placed  in 
a  bed  of  reeds  in  the  middle  of  a  small  pond.  The  nests  were  slightly 
hollowed  piles  of  decaying  weeds  and  rushes,  just  raised  above  the  sur- 
face of  the  water,  upon  which  they  floated.  Each  nest  contained  three 
eggs,  most  of  them  being  fresh,  but  a  few  were  somewhat  advanced. 
As  in  every  case  the  eggs  were  entirely  covered  by  a  pile  of  vegetable 
material,  and  as  in  no  case  the  birds  were  found  incubating,  even  where 
the  eggs  gave  evidence  of  the  tact,  it  seems  highly  probable  that  their 
hatching  is  dependent  more  or  less  upon  artificial  heat,  which  must  be 
induced  by  the  effect  of  the  hot  sun. 

The  eggs  vary  little  in  shape,  are  considerably  elongated,  one  end 
being  slightly  more  pointed  than  the  other.  They  vary  in  length  from 
1.70  to  1.80 ;  "in  breadth,  1.18  to  1.33.  Color  a  taint  yellowish  white, 
usually  much  stained  by  contact  with  the  nest.  The  texture  is  gen- 
erally quite  smooth  5  in  others  roughened  by  a  chalky  deposit. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

414 

$  art. 

Alkali  lakes,  Col..     .. 

June  23 

Henshaw 

5  33 

1  02 

1  52 

SECTION    III. 

Leaving  Southern  Colorado  July  2,  I  arrived  at  Fort  Wiugate,  IS". 
Mex.,  the  12th.  During  a  week's  delay,  attendant  on  fitting  out  the 
several  parties,  short  trips  were  made  into  the  neighboring  region  ;  Dr. 
Newberry,  jr.,  and  myself  accompanying  the  party  on  each  occasion, 
and  making  collections  in  natural  history.  Owing  to  the  rather  desolate 
nature  of  the  country,  these,  however,  were  not  very  extensive;  the  birds 
especially  being  found  rather  scarce.  Starting  from  Win  gate  July  19, 
a  southwesterly  course  was  pursued,  our  destination  being  Apache, 
Ariz.,  where  we  arrived  August  2.  During  this  interval,  as  we  moved 
slowly,  I  was  enabled  to  spend  considerable  time  in  making  collections, 


96        EXPLOKATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 


and  some  very  interesting  results  were  obtained,  especially  in  the  way 
of  birds.  From  August  2  till  September  6?  collections  were  made  by 
Dr.  Newberry  and  myself  in  the  vicinity  of  Apache  and  the  adjoining 
White  Mountains.  This  region  proved  very  interesting  ornithologically, 
and,  indeed,  the  general  collections  made  here  were  perhaps  larger  than 
during  any  other  equal  period  through  the  season.  From  here  south- 
ward, quite  a  distinct  change  in  the  character  of  the  avifauna  was 
noticed,  and  a  number  of  species  were  noted  either  in  the  vicinity  of 
Apache  or  a  few  miles  to  the  northward,  that  probably  find  their  north- 
ward limit  here.  Such  are  Pyranga  hepatica,  Peuccm  ruficeps,  var.  bou- 
cardi,  Cyanocitta  ultramarina,  var.  arizonce,  Setophaga  picta,  Melamrpes 
formicivorus,  &c.  The  Gila  River  was  crossed  at  a  point  some  sixty 
miles  south  of  Apache,  and  a  tew  days'  stay  along  the  river  gave  valu- 
able results  in  natural  history.  We  arrived  at  Fort  Bowie,  the  south- 
ernmost point  reached,  October  6.  From  here  our  route  led  northward 
to  the  Gila  River,  which  was  followed  to  its  sources  in  New  Mexico, 
after  which  a  general  northward  course  was  taken  for  Wingate,  which 
was  reached  November  27,  when  the  field-work  ended.  Though  no  new 
species  were  detected,  one  (Eugenes  fulgens)  was  added  to  our  fauna, 
and  numerous  specimens  secured  of  rare  and  little-known  species,  while 
the  geographical  range  of  quite  a  number  was  widely  extended.  Dur- 
ing the  last  mouth,  the  results  in  natural  history,  owing  to  the  lateness 
of  the  season,  were  rather  meager.  Thus,  the  region  in  which  most  of 
the  observations  following  were  made  may  be  stated  in  general  terms  to 
be  the  southeastern  portion  of  Arizona  and  Southwestern  New  Mexico. 

TUKDIDJE  (the  Thrushes). 

1.  Turdus  migratoriuSj  L. — Robin. 

Js  scarcely  to  be  regarded  as  a  common  bird,  but  it  was  frequently 
met  with  in  the  timber  along  the  streams  and  in  the  mountains.  At 
the  Old  Crater,  for,ty  miles  south  of  Zuni,  N.  Mex.,  the  species  was  pres- 
ent in  large  flocks  the  2d  of  November.  The  surrounding  hills  are 
covered  with  low  scrubby  cedars,  and  upon  the  berries  this  and  other 
species  largely  subsist  at  this  late  season.  It  doubtless  winters  in  this 
region. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

97 

$  ad. 

Wingate,  N.  Mex  

July  12 

Newberry  . 

5.23 

4.10 

0.73 

1.  15 

2.  Turdus  pallasi  Cab.,  var.  nanus.  And. — Dwarf  Hermit-Thrush. 

This  variety  of  the  hermit-thrush  was  met  with  October  19,  along 
the  small  streams  in  the  mountain-canons,  near  Fort  Bowie,  South- 
eastern Arizona,  and  along  the  Gila  River  to  its  sources  in  New  Mexico, 
where  I  found  it  as  late  as  November  8.  It  is  undoubtedly  abundant 
during  the  fall-migration  throughout  a  very  large  extent  of  country,  as, 
wherever  seen,  it  was  in  large  numbers.  Its  habits  seem  to  differ  in  no 
noteworthy  respect  from,  the  allied  forms.  It  appears  fond  of  solitude, 
and  prefers  the  thickest  and  shadiest  thickets,  where  it  is  constantly 
busied  in  searching  among  the  leaves  for  seeds  and  insects.  Its  small 
size  is  apparent  at  first  sight,  and  serves  even  when  alive  to  distinguish 
it  from  either  var.  auduboni  or  pallasi. 


REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


97 


No. 

942 
943 
944 
945 
982 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Fresh. 

W. 

T. 

B. 

Tar. 

$ 
9 
9 
9 
$ 

Near  Bowie,  Ariz  .. 
do  
do  
do  
do  

Oct.  19 
Oct.  19 
Oct.  19 
Oct.  19 
Nov.    5 

Henshaw. 
....do  .... 
....do  .... 
....do  .... 
do  .  . 

3.45 
3.37 
3.25 
3.49 
3.61 

2.81 
2.74 
2.55 
2.74 
2.74 

0.45 
0.45 
0.49 
0.42 
0.49 

1.08 
1.12 
1.04 
1.10 
1.14 

6.25 
6.12 
6.25 
6.55 

10.00 
9.74 
10.18 
10.87 

3.  Oreoscoptes  montanus  (Towns.)— Sage-Thrasher;  Mountain-Mocker. 

Quite  numerous  in  the  vicinity  of  Fort  Wingate,  N.  Mex.,  where  as 
elsewhere  its  favorite  abode  was  the  sage-brush  plains.  Here  Dr.  New- 
berry,  jr.,  found  a  nest  July  14,  containing  eggs  just  ready  to  be  hatched. 
The  nest  was  as  usual  a  large  bulky  structure  of  sticks  and  twigs, 
lined  with  fine  rootlets,  and  placed  in  the  top  of  a  sage-bush.  The 
species  was  met  with  at  various  localities  along  our  route.  In  the  fall 
it  is  not  unusual  to  find  small  companies  of  from  five  to  ten  associating 
together.  They  are  nearly  always  shy  and  suspicious  of  the  presence 
of  man. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

513 

9  ad. 

Cave  Spring,  Ariz.   

Anff.    1 

Heushaw 

3  86 

3  PO 

0  68 

1  17 

712 
7*0 

$  ad. 
9jun. 

'  Apache,  Ariz  
Gila  River,  Ariz.  ,  

Sept.  7 
Sept.  15 

....do  .... 
McGee 

3.92 
3  92 

4.02 
3  90 

0.65 
0  66 

1.15 
1  17 

(ill! 

9  jun. 

Goodwin,  Ariz 

Sept  19 

Hensliaw 

3  90 

3  66 

6  62 

1  13 

126 

Jun. 

Bowie,  Ariz 

Oct    10 

3  77 

3  89 

0  65 

1   -J7 

14 

9jun. 

do  

Oct.     7 

do  

3.75 

3.65 

0.75 

1.19 

4.  Harporynclius  crissaUs  Henry. — Red- vented  Thrasher. 

This  was  by  no  means  an  uncommon  species  in  the  canons  at  the 
base  of  Mount  Turnbull,  eight  miles  west  of  old  Fort  Goodwin,  Ariz. 
It  frequented  the  brush  along  the  canon-sides,  and  it  was  only  after 
much  trouble  that  I  succeeded  iu  obtaining  a  single  specimen.  A  sec- 
ond's glimpse,  as  it  darted  far  ahead  from  some  low  bush  into  the  thick 
brush,  was  usually  the  only  proof  to  be  had  of  its  presence.  I  judge  it 
to  be  generally,  but  sparingly,  distributed  in  this  part  of  Arizona,  and 
perhaps  the  southeastern  part  of  New  Mexico,  as  on  several  occasions 
in  the  mezquite-covered  plains  along  the  Gila  River,  I  saw  a  few  curve- 
billed  thrushes,  which  were  most  likely  of  this  species. 

Iris  brown 5  bill  black;  feet  plumbeous-brown. 


X.). 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

799 

<?j«n. 

Alt.  Turnbull,  Ariz  

Sept.  19 

Henshaw. 

3.92 

5.75 

1.14 

1.32 

-">.  Mimus polyglottus  (L.)— Mocking-bird.  • 

I  procured  a  young  bird  of  this  species  at  Inscription  Eock,  N.  Mex., 
IVo.n  among  half  a  dozen  others,  and  a  few  were  afterward  seen  on  the 
road  to  Apache,  Ariz.    They  were  very  shy  and  restless.     Said  to  be 
a  common  summer-resident  of  Arizona.     (Cones.) 
7os  V  ' 


98        EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  IOOTH  MERIDIAN. 


(the  Dippers). 

6.  C  Indus  mexicamiS)  Sw.  —  Water-  Ouzel. 

Found  among  the  rapids  of  the  streams  in  the  White  Mountains,  Ari- 
zona, where,  however,  it  did  not  appear  to  be  numerous.  A  pair  of 
these  interesting  birds  were  seen  on  a  small  isolated  pond  in  the  high 
pine-woods,  where  they  seemed  as  perfectly  at  home  as  in  their  custom- 
ary haunts  on  the  most  turbulent  streams.  Also  met  with  on  a  mount- 
ain-stream near  Tulerosa,  N.  Mex. 

SAXICOLIDJI;  (the  Saxicolas). 

7.  Sialia  mexicana,  Sw.  —  Western  Bluebird. 

This  species  was  not  observed  till  July  23  at  Inscription  Bock.  This 
appeared  to  be  a  favorite  locality,  and  large  numbers  of  both  old  and 
young  were  congregated  together  in  the  piiion  and  cedar  trees.  Their 
habits  at  this  season  do  not  differ  notably  from  the  other  species.  From 
here  southward  they  were  frequently  seen,  commonly  among  the  pines. 
At  Apache  in  August  I  found  them  in  large  flocks  in  the  pine-woods, 
and  accompanied  by  flocks  of  warblers,  nuthatches,  and  titmice,  to 
which  they  seemed  to  act  as  leaders,  the  whole  flock  following  their 
flight  from  tree  to  tree. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

464 

9jun. 

Inscription    Rock,  N. 

July  23 

Henshaw  . 

4.30 

2.71 

0.40 

0.83 

Mex. 

465 

* 

do 

July  23 

do 

4  07 

2  70 

0  45 

0  79 

527 

$ 

Apache.  Ariz  

Aug.  26 

....do.... 

4.10 

2.  85 

0.48 

0.68 

679 

$  ad. 

do  

Sept.   1 

....do.... 

4.30 

2.95 

0.42 

0.83 

975 

$  ad. 

Gila  River,  Southwest- 

Oct. 28 

....do.... 

4.45 

2.98 

0.47 

0.80 

ern  New  Mexico. 

962 

$  ad. 

do  

Oct.  28 

....do.... 

4.43 

2.98 

0.50 

0.85 

8.  Sialia  arctica,  Sw. — Kooky-Mountain  Bluebird. 

On  leaving  the  mountainous  region  of  Southern  Colorado,  this  species 
was  apparently  left  behind,  nor  did  I  again  see  it  till  the  middle  of 
[November,  when  I  found  very  large  flocks  in  the  neighborhood  of  a 
spring  at  the  salt  lake  south  of  Zuni,  N.  Mex.  They  doubtless  winter 
here. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

998 
1006 

$  ad. 
$  ad. 

Salt  Lake,  N.  Mex  .. 
do  

Nov.  19 
Nov.  19 

Henshaw  . 
...,do.... 

4.58 
4.75 

3.03 

2.27 

0.50 
0.50 

0.85 
0.93 

(the  Sylvias). 

9.  Reyulus  calendula  (L.) — Ruby-crowned  Wren. 

Common  in  the  White  Mountains  of  Arizona  in  August,  where  doubt- 
less it  also  breeds.  Also  seen  at  Camp  Grant  September  24,  and  com- 
mon on  the  Gila  Elver,  among  the  cotton  woods,  October  19. 


KEPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


99 


10.  Polioptila  cccrulea  (L.) — Blue-gray  Flycatcher. 

Met  with  first  a  little  south  of  Apache,  Ariz.,  and  an  occasional  indi- 
vidual seen  afterward,  usually  among  the  oak-trees.  Their  habits  at 
this  season  are  much  like  the  warblers.  They  were  very  active,  passing 
rapidly  in  and  out  among  the  small  branches,  and  seeming  in  such  hurry 
as  to  scarcely,  begin  their  examination  of  one  tree  ere  they  were  off  to 
another.  Now  and  then  I  saw  one  catching  insects  on  the  wing. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

720 

898 

9 
A 

South  of  Apache,  Ariz. 
San  Pedro  Ariz 

Sept.  8 
Oct.    3 

Henshaw  . 
do 

1.91 

2  03 

2.24 
2.35 

0.33 
0.40 

0.65 
0  70 

(the  Titmice). 

11.  Lopliophanes  inornatus  (Gamb.) — Gray-tufted  Titmouse. 
Common.     Is  found  chiefly  among  the  pinons  and  scrub  cedars,  and 

also  in  Southern  Arizona  frequents  the  oaks.     Usually  goes  in  small 
flocks. 

12.  Loplioplianes  wolliceberi,  Bp. — Wollweber's  Titmouse. 

A  small  number  was  met  with  at  Apache,  Ariz.,  in  a  grove  of  scat- 
tered oaks,  and  in  company  with  a  large  flock  of  the  succeeding  species. 

13.  Parus  montanus,  Garnb. — Mountain-Chickadee. 

•Frequently  met  with,  chiefly  among  the  heavy  pines  5  also  found 
among  the  oaks.  Barely  seen  in  large  flocks,  but  during  the  fall  a  few 
are  certain  to  be  seen  accompanying  each  flock  of  warblers,  nuthatches, 
&c.  Habits  and  notes  do  not  differ  essentially  from  those  of  its  con- 
geners. 

14.  Psaltriparus  minimus  (Towns.),  var.  plunibeus,    Bd. — Lead-colored 
Titmouse. 

Not  found  at  all  in  the  heavy  pines,  but  elsewhere  abundant,  and  in 
fall  and  winter  in  very  large  flocks.  One  of  the  most  active  of  the  fam- 
ily ;  constantly  on  the  move  from  tree  to  tree,  searching  for  insects. 
Perfectly  fearless  and  unsuspicious. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

451 

9 

Fort  Wingate,  N.  Mex. 

July  16 

Henshaw  . 

1.95 

2.46 

0.27 

0.58 

581' 

9jun. 

Apache,  Ariz  

Aug.  21 

....do.... 

1.92 

1.85 

0.31 

0.61 

608 

$ 

do  

Aug.  24 

....do.... 

1.93 

1.93 

0.28 

0.60 

15.  Auriparus  flaviceps  (Sund.) — Yellow-headed  Titmouse;  Yerdin. 

A  single  specimen  was  taken  at  old  Camp  Goodwin,  Ariz.,  and  occa- 
sionally an  individual  was  met  with  among  the  mezquite-trees  along 
the  Gila  River.  Their  habits,  so  far  as  observed,  seemed  to  resemble 
those  of  the  titmice,  as  do  also  its  great  variety  of  notes. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

792 

9(  10 

* 

> 

Camp  Goodwin,  Ariz.. 
Gila  River,  Ariz 

Sept.  17 
Oct.     3 

Henshaw  . 
do  

2.07 
1.90 

1.87 
1.  93 

0.35 
0.33 

0.57 
0.60 

100     EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  JOOTH  MERIDIAN. 


SITTID^E  (the  Nuthatches). 

16.  Sitta,  carolinensis    Gm.,    var.    acitleata,  Cass. — Slender-billed    Nut- 
hatch. 

Common  in  the  pineries. 

17.  Sitta  pusilla  Lath.,  var.  pyymcea,  Vig. — Pigmy  Nuthatch. 
Abundant.    In  summer  exclusively  pinicoline,  but  iu  the  fall  it  is 

often  seen  in  the  groves  of  evergreen  oaks.  Gregarious,  or  nearly  so,  at 
all  seasons.  In  the  fall  it  gathers  together  in  flocks  of  fifty  or  more, 
and,  in  company  with  the  warblers  and  titmice,  may  be  seen  constantly 
on  the  move  in  search  for  food,  when  its  loud  iveet-weet  is  continually 
emitted  as  it  moves  along  the  branches  or  takes  flight. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

486 

$jun. 

Inscription   Rock,   N. 

July  24 

Henshaw  . 

2.55 

1.55 

0.55 

0.57 

Hex. 

988 

$ 

Mountains,  source   of 

Nov.    5 

....do.... 

2.62 

1.  75 

0.57 

0.63 

Gila  River. 

CERTHIID^E  (the  Creepers). 

18.  Certhia  familiar is  L.,  var.  americana,  Bon. — Brown  Creeper. 

Perhaps  not  uncommon.     I  saw  but  few,  and  only  among  the  pines  of 
the  mountains. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

670 

Apache,  Ariz            .  .  , 

Sept.  1 

Henshaw 

2  63 

2  80 

0  64 

0  60 

TROGLODYTID^E  (the  Wrens). 

19.  Campylorliynclms  brunneicapillus  (Lafr.) — Cactus- Wren. 

The  region  along  the  Gila  Elver,  in  Arizona,  seems  eminently  adapted 
to  the  habits  of  this  bird,  as  the  various  species  of  cacti,  the  thickets  of 
which  it  specially  frequents,  are  nowhere  more  numerously  represented 
than  here.  While  along  the  river,  the  middle  of  September,  though  I 
searched  carefully,  I  saw  but  a  single  individual.  Its  actions  suggested 
those  of  the  Winter- Wren.  It  had  taken  refuge  in  a  dense  thicket,  from 
which  its  harsh,  scolding  notes  could  be  heard  as  it  passed  from  one 
part  to  another,  keeping  itself  carefully  hidden  from  view.  Its  curi- 
osity finally  inducing  it  to  venture  to  the  top  to  watch  me,  I  secured  it. 


Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

Gila  River,  Ariz  ..... 

Sept.  15 

Hcnsliaw 

3  17 

2  97 

0  90 

1  90 

20.  Salpinctes  obsoletus  (Say). — Eock-Wren. 

This  is  an  abundant  species  throughout  Eastern  Arizona,  everywhere 
frequenting  the  masses  of  broken  rocks,  and  showing  an  especial  pro- 


KEPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


101 


clivity  for  those  of  volcanic  nature.  The  young  in  nesting-plumage  were 
taken  at  Win  gate,  N.  Mex.,  July  14.  On  the  28th,  at  Zuni,  a  nest  was 
found  containing  four  young  nearly  fledged.  The  nest  proper  was. 
merely  a  pile  of  grasses,  slightly  hollowed,  and  lined  with  horse-hairs 
and  bits  of  sheep's  wool.  This  was  placed  in  a  natural  cavity  of  a  clayey 
bank.  It  was  without  doubt  a  second  brood. 

21.    Catlierpe*    mexicanus    (Swains.),    var.     conspersus    Eidg. — White> 

throated  Eock-Wren. 

Xot  uncommon  in  vicinity  of  Apache,  Ariz.,  and  met  with  frequently 
from  here  to  the  southward;  also  found  common  in  ]N"ew  Mexico  near 
the  sources  of  the  Gila.  This  species  is  rarely  seen,  but  in  the  deep 
canons  and  along  the  sides  of  rocky  glens,  and,  like  the  former,  is  found 
most  often  among  volcanic  rocks.  Its  song  is  loud,  clear,  and  melodi- 
ous, and,  once  heard,  is  never  to  be  mistaken  for  that  of  any  other  bird. 
It  consists  of  a  series  of  loud,  detached  whistles,  which,  beginning  at  a> 
high  note,  descend  smoothly  and  gradually  through  the  entire  scale. 


No. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsua* 

669 

Apache  Ariz             ..   ... 

Sept.  11 

Henshaw 

2  40 

2  45 

0  76 

0  73 

986 

Mountains  near  Gila  River. 

Nov.    5 

....do  .... 

2.29 

2.32 

0.75 

0.7ft 

N.  Mex. 

993 

.do....  

Nov.    5 

....do  .... 

2.25 

2.07 

0.75 

0.72 

22.  Thryotliorus  bewicldi  (Aud.) 

A  rather  common  species  in  the  neighborhood  of  Apache;  also  found 
at  various  points  south.  Undoubtedly  occurs  likewise  in  New  Mexico,, 
though  I  did  not  see  it  there.  Prefers  thickets  and  clumps  of  bushes 
on  the  open  hill-sides,  where  it  spends  much  of  its  time  upon  the  ground 
searching  for  food. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

500 

A 

Apache,  Ariz  .  

Au"-.  21 

Henshaw 

2.25 

2.15 

0.80 

600 

A 

do 

Aug.  23 

do 

2  25 

2  35 

0  58 

0  73 

750 

$ 

Southern  Arizona  

Sept.  11 

....do.... 

2.33 

2.40 

0.55 

o.ea 

23.  Troglodytes  aMon  Yieill.,  var.  parltmanni  Aud. — Parkman's  Wren. 
Common  everywhere  wherever  thickets,  clumps  of  bushes,  and  fallen 

logs  afford  a  good  hunting-ground. 

24.  Telmatodytes  palustris  (Wils.),  var.  paludicola  Baird — Long-billed 
Marsh-  Wfcn. 

A  few  seen  at  Apache  in  a  small  clump  of  reeds.    Numerous  in  any 
marshy  spot  which  is  suited  to  its  habits. 

SYLVICOLTD^E  (the  Warblers). 

25.  Helminthophaga  Virginia*,  Bd. — Virginia's  Warbler. 


102     EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  JOOTH  MERIDIAN. 


Apparently  a  rather  rare  species  in  Arizona.  I  shot  two  specimens 
in  a  willow-thicket,  by  the  side  of  a  stream,  in  the  White  Mountains, 
August  11 ;  not  met  with  again. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

553 

0 

White  Mts.,  Ariz 

Auo-.  11 

Henshaw  . 

2.03 

1.93 

0.42 

0.67 

554 

2 

do  

Aug.  11 

....do  .... 

2.11 

2.00 

0.40 

0.65 

26.  RelmintJiopliaga  celata,  (Say.) — Orange-crowned  Warbler. 

Bather  common,  keeping  generally  in  the  low  thickets  and  brush  of 
the  streams. 

Bill  and  feet  brown ;  soles  yellow. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

662 

£ 

Apache,  Ariz  

Sept.   1 

Henshaw  . 

2.43 

2.06 

0.38 

0.66 

27.  Dendroica  (Estiva,  (Gm.) — Yellow  Warbler. 
Common. 

28.  Dendroica  audulonii,  (Towns.)— Audubon's  Warbler. 

This  species  breeds  quite  commonly  in  the  mountains  of  Southern 
Colorado,  and  I  think  it  most  probable  that  a  few  spend  the  summer  in 
the  higher  portions  of  the  White  Mountains,  Arizona,  as  I  met  with  sev- 
eral here  quite  early  in  August.  During  the  fall-migration,  they  were 
tolerably  numerous,  and  were  numerous  October  17.  At  this  season,  they 
show  no  decided  preference  of  locality,  but  are  found  in  about  equal 
numbers  in  the  low  scrub  of  the  hill-sides  and  among  the  deciduous 
trees  of  the  streams.  They  are  adroit  and  successful  fly-catchers. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

664 

$  ad. 

Apache  Ariz  *      . 

Sept.   1 

Henshaw 

3  22 

2.58 

0.40 

0.74 

972 

9jun. 

Gila  River,  N.  Mex  .  .  . 

Oct.  11 

....do  .... 

2.82 

2.33 

0.40 

0.72 

972a 

? 

do  

Oct.  11 

....do  .... 

3.04 

2.40 

0.40 

0.70 

29.  Dendroica  gracice,  Cs. — Arizona  Warbler. 

An  abundant  Warbler  in  the  White  Mountains,  Arizona,  in  August 
where  also  it  doubtless  breeds.  Numbers  were  observed  accompanying 
flocks  of  chickadees,  nuthatches,  and  other  warblers.  A  single  adult 
female,  in  worn  breeding-plumage,  was  taken  at  Inscription  Kock, 
July  24. 

Iris  black  ;  bill  and  feet  brown ;  soles  light-yellow. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

485 

$  ad. 

Insc'pt'n  Rock,  N.  Mex. 

July  24 

Henshaw. 

2.53 

2.10 

0.45 

0.68 

520 

$  ad. 

Apache,  Ariz  

Aug.  21 

....do  .... 

2.67 

2.24 

0.42 

0.63 

534 

$  ad. 

White  Mts.,  Ariz  

Aug.    8 

....do  .... 

2.63 

2.26 

0.40 

0.72 

535 

$jun. 

do  

Aug.    9 

....do  .... 

2.50 

2.27 

0.40 

0.60 

567 

$jun. 

do  

Aug.  11 

....do  .... 

2.55 

2.16 

0.38 

0.60 

691 

<^juu. 

Apache,  Ariz  

Sept.  3 

....do  .... 

2.63 

2.30 

0.40 

0.64 

747 

$  ad. 

South  Apache,  Ariz  .  .  . 

Sept.  3 

....do  .... 

2.60 

2.  15 

0.39 

0.60 

REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


103 


30.  Dendroica  nigrcscens,  (Towns.) — Black-throated  Gray  Warbler. 

Found  to  be  quite  common,  August  12,  in  the  pine- woods  of  the  White 
Mountains.  Probably  breeds.  In  habits  more  active  and  restless  than 
the  warblers  generally. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

5*29 

c?  ad 

AiKiclio  Ariz 

An"1  12 

Heushaw 

2  50 

2  17 

0  38 

0  67 

56(5 

578 
601 
701 

<?j«n. 
$  ad. 
9jun. 
A  ad. 

White  Mts.,  Ariz  
Apache,  Ariz  
do  
do  . 

Aug.  12 
Aug.  21 
Ann-.  23 
Sept.  5 

....do  ...." 
....do  .... 
....do  .... 
do 

2.45 
2.50 
2.27 
2  35 

2.25 
2.17 
2.06 
2  17 

0.40 
0.40 
0.40 
0  38 

0.64 
0.69 
0.  65 
0  69 

31.  Geotlilypis  trichas,  (L.) — Maryland  Yellowthroat. 

At  Apache  I  heard  a  male  of  this  species  in  a  thicket  by  the  river- 
side.   It  is  regarded  by  Dr.  Coues  as  a  rare  summer-resident. 

32.  Geothlypis  macgillivrayi,  (Aud.) — Macgillivray's  Warbler. 

One  of  the  most  abundant  and  generally  distributed  of  the  warblers 
found  in  every  moist  locality  among  the  thickets. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

193 

<?jun. 

Bowie,  Ariz. 

Oct      7 

Newt>errv. 

2  28 

2  14 

0  42 

0  75 

555 

9 

White  Mts.,  Ariz  

Auo-.  11 

Henshaw 

2  25 

2  37 

0  43 

0  78 

556 

c?jun. 

do  

Aug.  11 

....do  .... 

2.20 

2.36 

0.42 

0.98 

661 

9 

Apache,  Ariz  

Sept.   1 

....do  .... 

2.18 

2.30 

0.44 

0.76 

663 

9 

do  

Sept.   1 

....do  .... 

2.29 

3.30 

0.45 

0.80 

33.  Icteria  virens  (L.),  var.  longicauda,  Lawr. — Long-tailed  Chat. 

Met  with  but  twice  during  the  season  ;  at  Apache  August  5,  when  I 
took  a  young  male,  just  molting  the  nesting-plumage,  and  again  a 
single  bird  seen  at  Wingate. 


No. 

Se, 

Locality.                  Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

f>93 

r?  iu'n. 

Apache,  Ariz                     Auo1    5 

Henshaw 

2  93 

3  38 

0  55 

0  97 

34.  Myiodioctes  pimllus,  (Wils.)— Green  Black-capped  Flycatcher. 

One  or  two  seen  at  Apache  early  in  August,  and  by  the  first  of  Sep- 
tember and  during  this  month  it  was  very  abundant,  much  more  so 
than  I  ever  saw  it  at  the  East.  It  frequents  chiefly  the  deciduous  trees 
and  bushes  of  the  streams,  and  is  found  from  the  plains  well  up  to  the 
tops  of  the  mountains. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

671 

<?jun. 

Apache,  Ariz  

Sept.  1 

Henshaw 

2  20 

2  15 

0  38 

0  73 

693 
757 

9jim. 
9jim. 

do  

Thirty  miles  south  of 
Apache,  Ariz  

Sept.  3 
Sept.  3 

....do  .... 
Magnet   .. 

2.16 
2.13 

2.16 
2.05 

0.40 
0.37 

0.65 
0.67 

115 

$  ad. 

Bowie,  Ariz  . 

Oct.     6 

Ne  wherry 

2  17 

2  15 

0  35 

0  66 

104     EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 

35.  Setophaga  picta,  Sw. — Painted  Flycatcher. 

At  Apache,  August  29,  a  specimen  was  presented  to  me  by  Lieuten- 
ant Manning,  which  was  obtained  in  a  bushy  canon  immediately  back 
of  the  fort.  On  leaving  Apache  and  going  south,  from  the  1st  to  the 
loth  of  September,  I  saw  perhaps  a  dozen  individuals,  and  judge  that 
the  mountains  of  this  section  afford  it  a  summer-home.  The  species 
has  been  noted  at  Tucson,  Ariz.,  where  it  was  seen  migrating  on  two 
occasions  in  April  and  September  by  Captain  Bendire.  Their  habits 
and  motions  are  much  like  those  of  the  Redstart  (S.  ruticilla).  They 
frequented  the  bushes  and  smaller  trees,  especially  the  oaks.  With 
half-shut  wings  and  outspread  tail,  they  pass  rapidly  along  the  limbs, 
now  and  then  making  a  sudden  dart  for  a  passing  fly,  which  secured 
they  again  alight  and  resume  their  search.  They  -are  constantly  in 
motion,  and  rarely  remain  in  the  same  tree  many  moments.  It  not 
infrequently  may  be  seen  clinging  to  the  trunk  of  a  tree,  while  it  seizes 
a  grub  or  minute  insect  which  its  sharp  eyes  have  detected  hidden  in 
the  bark. 

Bill  and  feet  black. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

fifVI 

r?iun. 

Apache  Ariz 

A.UO-   29 

Manning 

2  70 

2  55 

0  36 

0  60 

732 

$  ad. 

Thirty  miles  south  of 
Apache,  Ariz 

Sept.  10 

Henshavv. 

2.82 

2.66 

0.40 

0.64 

740 
741 

$  ad. 

do  
do  

Sept,  10 
Sept.  11 

...do  .. 
....do  .... 

2.73 

2.70 

2.64 

2.70 

0.38 
0.37 

0.61 
0.60 

(the  Swallows). 

36.  Progne  subis,  (L.) — Purple  Martin. 

Abundant,  both  in  New  Mexico  and  Arizona,  generally  at  a  consid- 
erable altitude.  At  Apache  the  parent  birds  were  feeding  the  fledged 
young  August  22. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

594 

$  ad. 

Apache,  Ariz    

Au°*.   5 

Henshaw 

5  91 

3  35 

0  50 

0  57 

595 

<?jun. 

do  

Aug.  22 

....do  .... 

4.55 

2.27 

0.41 

0.60 

37.  Petrochelidon  lunifrons,  (Say.) — Cliff-Swallow. 

A  wide-spread  species,  both  in  Arizona  and  New  Mexico,  as  their 
mud-nests,  attached  to  the  cliffs  everywhere,  attest. 

38.  Hinmdo  Jwrreorum,  Barton. — Barn-Swallow. 

Noted  by  Dr.  Newberry  as  rather  common  about  Santa  Fe,  where 
several  were  shot ;  and  also  seen  on  the  road  between  here  and  Fort 
Wingate. 

39.  Tacliycineta  tlialassina,  (Sw.) — Violet-green  Swallow. 

An   abundant   swallow  near  Wingate,  N.  Mex.  j  equally  so  in  the 


REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


105 


White  Mountains,  Arizona.    A  rather  exclusive  inhabitant  of  the  pine- 
woods,  rarely  descending  to  the  plains. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

458 

$  ad. 

Neutria,  N.  Mex  

July  19 

Henshaw. 

4.50 

2.07 

0.25 

0.40 

40.  Stelgidopteryx  serripennis,  (Aud.) — Bough-winged  Swallow. 

Seen  near  Zuni,  N.  Mex.     Found  by  Dr.  Coues  as  an  abundant  sum- 
mer-resident. 

VIREONIDJE  (the  Vireos). 

41.  Vireo  gilvus  (Vleill.),  var.  swainsoni,  Bd. — Western  Warbling  Tireo. 
Numerous. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

557 

558 

$  ad. 

9 

White  Mountains,  Ariz  . 
do  

Aug.  11 
Aug.  11 

Heushaw. 
....do  .... 

2.67 
2.50 

2.15 
1.95 

0.43 
0.45 

0.  65 
0.66 

42.   Vireo  solitarius  (Wils.),  var.  cassini,  Bd. — Cassin's  Yireo. 

A  single  specimen  was  shot  a  short  distance  south  of  Apache  by  Dr. 
dewberry,  jr.,  in  September.  It  appeared  to  be  rather  common  on  the 
Gila  Kiver,  Arizona,  keeping  in  the  tops  of  the  tall  cotton  woods.  I 
observed  nothing  peculiar  in  its  habits. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

92 
781 

9 
9 

South  of  Apache,  Ariz. 
Gila  River,  Ariz  

Sept.  12 
Sept.  16 

Newberry. 
Henshaw 

2.78 
2  82 

2.29 
2  25 

0.45 
0  45 

0.75 
0  69 

795 

do  

Sept.  16 

....do  .... 

2.85 

2.30 

0.45 

0.73 

43.  Yireo  solitarius  (Wils.),  var.  plumbeus,  Cs. — Western  Solitary  Tireo. 
Common  at  various  places  in  New  Mexico,  and  also  in  Eastern  Arizona, 
keeping  among  the  pines.  A  specimen,  taken  September  3,  at  Apache, 
Ariz.,  is  intermediate  in  coloration  between  solitarius  and  plumbeus, 
showing  very  clearly  the  relationship  of  the  two.  A  strong  greenish 
tinge  pervades  the  back,  and  is  also  very  decided  on  the  sides  and 
flanks. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality.                   Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

• 

Bill. 

rsus  . 

461 

$  ad. 

Neutria,  N.  Mex  July  19 

Hensln\v 

2  15 

2  54 

0  52 

o  7-, 

462 

694 

$  ad. 

$ 

do  July  19 
Apache,  Ariz  Sept.  3 

....do  .... 
....do  .... 

2.13 
2.17 

2.48 
2.  45 

0.55 
0.51 

0.74 
0.74 

44.   Vireo  MU,  Aud.— Bell's  Vireo. 

This  little  vireo  appeared  to  be  rather  common  along  the  Gila  Kiver, 
inhabiting  the  dense  thickets  along  the  banks.    At  this  season,  the 


106     EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  JOOTH  MERIDIAN. 

middle  of  September,  its  quaint  song  was  heard  during  most  of  the  day, 
but  more  particularly  in  the  hot  hours  of  noonday.  In  addition  to  the 
song,  which  somewhat  resembles  the  Whjte-eyed  Vireo's,  it  has  a  harsh 
scolding-note,  which  it  often  repeats  as  it  searches  among  the  dense 
undergrowth  for  its  food.  But  a  single  specimen  was  obtained,  as  it 
was  rather  timid,  and  on  hearing  the  slightest  noise  would  instantly 
cease  its  notes  and  dive  into  the  brush. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

794 

<?  ad. 

Gila  River,  Ariz  . 

Sept.  16 

Henshaw 

2  15 

2  23 

0  43 

0  75 

AMPELID^E  (the  Chatterers). 

45.  Ampelis  cedrorum,  ( Vieill.) — Cedar-Bird. 

The  only  one  seen,  during  the  entire  season,  was  obtained  in  a  small 
canon,  about  thirty  miles  south  of  Apache,  Ariz.  The  plumage  was 
very  much  worn,  and  the  bird,  a  female,  had  probably  nested  in  the 
neighborhood. 

Iris  brown ;  bill  and  feet  black. 


No. 
752 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

9  ad. 

South  of  Apache,  Ariz  

Henshaw. 

3.45 

2.32 

0.38 

0.62 

46.  Phccnopepla  nitens,  (Sw.) — Black  Flycatcher. 

Large  numbers  of  this  species  were  found,  on  several  occasions,  in 
the  canon  back  of  Camp  Apache.  As  they  were  noticed  nowhere  else 
in  this  vicinity,  I  judged  that  the  abundance  of  mistletoe-berries  here 
served  as  an  attraction.  These  they  were  greedily  feeding  upon.  In  a 
caiion  at  the  base  of  Mount  Turnbuli  I  also  saw  large  numbers.  Here 
the  berries,  which  appear  to  be  a  favorite  diet,  were  wanting,  and  they 
were  engaged  much  of  the  time  in  catching  flies,  which  they  did  by 
ascending  perpendicularly  from  the  bushes,  snapping  up  an  insect,  and 
returning,  much  in  the  manner  of  the  bluebirds.  At  this  season  they 
are  very  restless  and  shy. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

515 

<?  iun. 

Apache.  Ariz 

Auir    4 

Henshaw 

3  35 

3  37 

0  45 

0  61 

516 

c?juu. 

do  

Aug.    4 

....do  .... 

3.42 

3.42 

0.45 

0.68 

797 

$  ad. 

Mount  Turnbuli,  Ariz. 

Aug.  17 

....do  .... 

3.48 

3.58 

0.45 

0.  63 

800 

tfjun. 

......do  

Sept.  19 

....do  .... 

3.75 

4.12 

0.40 

0.70 

47.  Myiadestes  townsendii,  (Aud.) — Townsend's  Solitaire. 

Quite  common,  in  the  fall,  in  Eastern  Arizona  and  Western 
Mexico.  Having  reared  their  young,  these  birds  appear  to  forsake  the 
pine-woods,  which  constitute  their  summer-abode,  and  appear  lower 
down  on  the  hill-sides,  covered  with  pifion  and  cedars.  Their  food  at 


REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


107 


this  season  appears  to  consist  almost  exclusively  of  berries,  particularly 
from  the  pifion  and  cedars,  and  the  crops  of  many  examined  contained 
little  else  save  a  few  insects.  The  habit  of  catching  insects  on  the 
wing,  after  the  manner  of  the  flycatchers,  which  is  attributed  to  this 
bird,  appears  to  be  not  a  common  one,  as,  of  hundreds  I  have  seen  at 
different  seasons,  none  were  ever  thus  engaged,  nor  have  I  ever  seen 
them  searching  among  the  leaves  for  insects,  like  the  thrushes.  In 
their  usual  manner  of  procuring  food,  as  in  their  habits  and  motions 
generally,  they  have  always  seemed  to  me  nearly  allied  to  the  bluebirds. 
Though  in  summer  a  bird  of  retiring  and  unsocial  habits,  and  never 
more  than  a  single  pair  being  found  in  a  locality,  in  the  fall  they  are  to 
a  considerable  extent  gregarious,  associating  usually  in  small  companies 
of  from  five  to  ten.  At  the  Old  Crater,  forty  miles  south  of  Zuni,  X. 
Mex.,  they  had  congregated  in  very  large  numbers  about  a  spring  of 
fresh  water,  the  only  supply  for  many  miles  around,  and  hundreds  were 
to  be  seen  sitting  on  the  bare  volcanic  rocks,  apparently  too  timid  to 
venture  down  and  slake  their  thirst  while  we  were  camped  near  by. 
Their  song  is  occasionally  heard  even  in  November  and  December,  and 
is  very  sweet,  but  not  so  full  and  varied  as  during  the  vernal  season. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

4^ 

$  ad. 

\Vio°rate  N  Mex 

July  18 

Hensnaw 

4  50 

4  21 

0  48 

0  75 

70-1 
959 

$  ad. 
$  ad. 

Apache,  Ariz  

Silver  City,  N.  Mex... 

Sept.  6 
Oct.  24 

....do  .... 
....do  .... 

4.40 
4.50 

3.97 
4.10 

0.47 
0.45 

0.78 
0.81 

960 

$ 

do  

Oct.  24 

....do  .... 

4.57 

4.32 

0.49 

0.80 

9(31 

$ 

do  

Oct.  24 

....do  .... 

4.56 

4.41 

0.45 

0.75 

LANIID^E  (the  Shrikes). 

48.    Collurio   ludovioiamis  (L.),  var.  ex  sub  itor  aides,  S\v. — White-ruinped 
Shrike. 

A  single  individual  seen  at  Wingate,  N.  Mex.,  in  July,  and  a  speci- 
men obtained  by  Dr.  Newberry  at  Fort  Bowie,  Southeastern  Arizona, 
were  the  only  two  occasions  when  this  species  was  met  with.  Dr.  Coues 
mentions  this  shrike  as  rare  also  at  Fort  Whipple. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

11f> 

$  ad. 

Bowie,  Ariz  .. 

Oct.     6 

Newberry 

2  55 

4  15 

0  60 

1  02 

TANAGEID^E  (the  Tanagers). 

49.  Pyranga  ludomciana,  (Wils.) — Louisiana  Tanager. 

Very  common  at  Apache,  and  met  with  frequently  at  various  points 
to  the  southward.  Seen  at  the  Gila  River  October  16,  but  at  this  time 
nearly  all  had  gone  farther  south.  Frequents  at  this  season  the  decid- 
uous trees. 

Iris  brown;  bill  horn-color;  feet  and  legs  bluish. 


108     EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

460 

585 
627 
709 

9  ad. 
$  ad. 
9jun. 
$  ad. 

Neutria,  N.  Mex  
Apaclie,  Ariz  
do  
do  

July  19 
Aug.  21 
Aug.  27 
Sept.    7 

Henshaw 
....do  .... 
....  do  .... 
do    . 

3.93 

3.68 
3.70 
3.75 

2.90 
3.07 
3.18 
3.15 

0.58 
0.65 
,0.63 
0.64 

0.73 
0.75 
0.83 
0.74 

742 

745 
746 
799 
915 

$  Jan. 
9jun. 
9jun. 
9  ad. 
9  iun. 

South  of  Apaclie,  Ariz. 
....do  
....do  

Goodwin,  Ariz  
Grila  River,  Ariz 

Sept.  11 
Sept.  11 
Sept.  11 
Sept,  17 
Oct.    16 

....do.... 
....do.... 
....do  .... 
....do.... 
do 

3.68 
3.55 

3.78 
3.62 
3  70 

2.98 
2.88 
2.90 
2.86 
2  94 

0.63 
0.59 
0.64 

0.  58 
0  65 

0.75 
0.74 

o.sp 

0.79 
0  80 

50.  Pyranga,  liepatica,  Sw. — Liver-colored  Tanager. 

A  single  female  of  this  little-known  species  was  shot  at  Apaclie  Au- 
gust 4.  In  a  grove  of  oaks  on  the  skirts  of  a  pine-forest,  about  twenty 
miles  south  of  Apache,  I  saw,  in  the  course  of  an  afternoon,  perhaps 
half  a  dozen  males.  They  appeared  to  be  feeding  upon  insects,  which 
they  gleaned  from  among  the  foliage  and  smaller  branches  of  the  oaks. 
They  were  excessively  shy,  so  much  so  that  I  found  it  difficult  to  get 
within  gun-shot  of  them.  They  probably  spend  the  summer  in  the 
mountains,  at  least  as  far  north  as  Apache.  The  species  was  introduced 
into  our  fauna  by  Dr.  Woodhouse,  who  took  a  single  female  in  the  San 
Francisco  Mountains,  New  Mexico.  No  other  specimens  have  since 
been  obtained  till  the  present  time. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

511 

9  ad. 

Apache,  Ariz 

Auo1.    4 

Henshaw 

4.05 

3.05 

0.68 

0.83 

717 

$  ad. 

Twenty  rniles^outh  of 
Apache,  Ariz. 

Sept.    8 

....do.... 

4.10 

3.53 

0.67 

0.87 

718 

$  ad. 

....do  

Sept.    8 

....do.... 

4.11 

3.32 

0.68 

0.85 

51.  Pyranga  (estiva  (L.),  var.  cooperi,  Eidg. — Cooper's  Tanager. 

A  beautiful  adult  male  of  this  variety  of  the  Summer-Tannager  (P. 
cestiva]  was  taken  on  the  Gila  Eiver,  Arizona,  September  16,  and  another 
heard  in  same  locality ;  also  noted  on  the  San  Francisco  Eiver  October 
10.  In  each  instance  they  were  found  in  the  tall  cottonwoods,  actively 
engaged  searching  for  insects. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

W 

<?  ad 

Grila  River  Ariz 

Sept.  16 

Henshaw 

4.00 

3.50 

0.83 

0.80 

FRINGILLID./E  (the  Finches). 
52.  Hesperiphona  vespertine,,  (Coop.) — Evening-Grossbeak. 

A  small  flock  of  immature  birds  were  seen  a  little  south  of  Apache 
feeding  upon  savis-berries.    Not  seen  elsewhere. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

739 

9jun. 

South  of  Apaclie,  Ariz. 

Sept.  11 

Henshaw  . 

4.14 

2.64 

0.70 

0.75 

REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


109 


53.  Carpodacus  cassitii,  Bd. — Cassin's  Purple  Fiiicli. 
A  large  flock  seen  at  the  salt  lake  south  of  Zuui  November  20. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

099 
1000 
1001 

$  ad. 
$  ad. 
$  ad 

Salt  Lake,  south  Zuni 
....do  
.do  

Nov.  20 
Nov.  20 
Nov.  20 

Henshaw  . 

....do.... 
.  .  do    .   . 

3.56 
3.55 
3.83 

2.55 
2.54 
2.92 

0.51 
0.56 
0  55 

0.74 
0.74 
0.75 

1002 
1003 
1004 

£jim. 
9 
A  iun. 

....do  
....do  
..  do  

Nov.  20 
Nov.  20 
Nov.  20 

....do.... 
....do.... 
.  do  

3.68 
3.50 
3.53 

2.67 
2.72 
2.65 

0.52 
0.54 
0.52 

0.70 
0.70 
0.70 

1005 
1007 
1008 

9 
9  ad. 

....do  
....do  
...do    

Nov.  20 
Nov.  20 
Nov.  20 

....do.... 
....do.... 
do 

3.62 
3.52 
3.43 

2.70 
2.50 
2.50 

0.52 
0.52 
0  50 

0.70 
0.73 
0.73 

54.  Carpodacus frovMlis,  (Say.) — House-Finch;  Burion. 

Noted  at  Santa  Fe  by  Dr.  Newberry,  jr.;  and  it  was  not  uncommon 
at  Apache,  Ariz. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

fin 

A  iun. 

Apache,  Ariz  

Auo-.  25 

Henshaw. 

3.12 

2.63 

0.40 

0.65 

55.  Ckrysov&itrispsaltria,  (Say.) — Arkansas  Finch. 

Rather  numerous  in  Western  New  Mexico  and  Eastern  Arizona,  in 
summer,  at  least  as  far  south  as  the  thirty-third  parallel. 


No. 

Sex.- 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

478 

477 

710 
773 

9  ad. 

$  ad. 
$  ad. 
9  ad. 

Inscription    Rock,   N. 
Mex. 
....do  

Apache  Ariz 

Aug.  23 

Aug.  23 
Sept.    7 
Sept.  14 

Heushaw  . 

..do.. 
....do  .... 
....do.... 

2.50 

2.45 
2.50 
2.45 

1.80 

1.83 
1.85 
1.75 

0.37 

0.38 
0.40 
0.39 

0.50 

0.53 
0.50 
0.50 

Gila  River,  Ariz   .... 

56.  Chrysomitris  psaltria  (Say),  var.  arizonce,  Cs.» — Arizona  Goldfinch. 

But  a  single  specimen  taken  on  the  Gila  River  September  14.  During 
the  summer  this  is  probably  the  prevailing  form  in  Southern  Arizona 
and  New  Mexico. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

$  ad. 

Gila  River,  Ariz 

Sept.  14 

Heushaw 

2  50 

1  80 

0  85 

0  48 

57.  PlectropJianes  ornatus,  (Towns.) — Chestnut-colored  Bunting. 

From  the  2t)th  of  September,  when  this  species  was  first  noted  at 
Camp  Grant,  An/.,  till  November  10,  near  Tulerosa,  N.  Mex.,  it  was 
frequently  seen  in  larger  flocks  on  the  dry,  arid  plains  and  plateaus  of 


110     EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  lOOTII  MERIDIAN. 


Southeastern  Arizona  and  Southwestern  New  Mexico.  They  move 
about  in  companies  of  hundreds,  and  when  on  the  ground  run  nimbly 
among  the  grasses  searching  for  seeds  and  insects.  When  approached^ 
the  whole  flock  squats  silently  among  the  herbage,  and  remains  so  quiet, 
and  their  colors  blend  so  nicely  with  the  surrounding  tints,  that  it  is 
almost  impossible  to  detect  them,  though  but  a  few  feet  distant.  On 
taking  wing,  each  bird  emits  a  number  of  short,  quavering  chirps,  which 
they  repeat  constantly  as  long  as  on  the  wing.  Their  flight  is  erratic 
and  wild,  and,  once  startled,  they  are  apt  to  keep  on  the  wing  a  long 
time,  flying  hurriedly  about.  I  have  occasionally  seen  a  flock  start  from 
the  ground,  and,  after  circling  excitedly  about,  suddenly  start  off  in  a 
straight  line  till  nearly  out  of  sight,  and  then,  as  if  urged  by  some  new 
impulse,  suddenly  wheel  about  and  take  a  direct  course  back,  alighting 
within  a  few  feet  from  the  starting-point. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

19R 

9 

Bowie,  Ariz  

Oct.    10 

Newberry 

3.04 

2.23 

0.43 

0.75 

129 

H99 

9 
9 

do  

Camp  Graut,  Ariz  

Oct.    10 
Sept.  29 

do  
Henshaw  . 

3.28 
3.15 

2.49 
2.34 

0.41 
0.42 

0.86 
0.75 

895 
896 

897 

9 
9 
9 

do  
....do  
do  

Sept.  29 
Sept.  29 
Sept.  29 

....do.... 
....do.... 
do  

3.17 

3.20 
3.00 

2.35 
2.40 
2.26 

0.40 
0.  45 
0.40 

0.75 
0.75 

0.78- 

901 
902 
904 
923 
924 
939 
989 

$ 
$ 
9 
3 

9 
$ 
$ 

San  Pedro,  Ariz  
....do  
....do  
Gila  River,  Ariz  
do  
....do  
....do  

Oct.      3 
Oct.      3 
Oct.      3 
Oct.    17 
Oct.    17 
Oct.    17 
Oct.    17 

....do.... 
....  do.... 
....  do.... 
....do.... 
....  do.... 
....do.... 
....do.... 

3.  32 
3,27 
3.20 
3.25 
:>>.  95 
3.  12 
3.25 

2.50 
2.37 
2.30 
2.40 
2.  23 
2.40 
2.45 

0.43 
0.41 
0.40 
0.47 
0.42 
0.40 

0.75 
0.80 
0.75 
0.75 
0.75 
0.74 

Iris  brown  ;  bill  plumbeous-brown  above,  lighter  beneath  $  feet  dusky- 
brown. 

58.  Plectroplianes  maccoivnii,  Lawr. — Chestnut-shouldered  Longspur. 

Found  throughout  much  the  same  region  as  the  preceding,  and  with 
very  similar  habits. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

130 

9  jun. 

Bowie,  Ariz  .  

Oct.  10 

Newberry 

3.17 

2.10 

0.  45 

0.70 

919 

9 

Gila  River,  Ariz 

Oct.  16 

Hensliaw 

3  37 

2.18 

0.46 

0.72 

959, 

$ 

Bayard,  N.  Mex  .  

Oct.  22 

do  ... 

3.45 

2.40 

0.46 

0.75 

954 
955 

$ 
* 

do  

.  do 

Oct.  22 
Oct.  22 

....do  ... 
do 

3.43 
3  37 

2.37 
2.25 

0.50 
0  46 

0,75 
0.69 

956 

95H 

9 
9 

....do  
do  

Oct.  22 
Oct.  22 

....do... 
.  .  do  .  . 

3.30 
3.65 

2.28 
2.60 

0.45 

0;45 

0.  75 
0.76 

950 

9 

....do  

Oct.  22 

....do  .... 

3.40 

2.30 

0.47 

0.75 

59.  Centronyx  bairclU,  (Aud.) — Baird's  Sparrow. 

The  interesting  fact  of  the  discovery  of  Baird's  Bunting  in  large  num- 
bers in  Northern  Dakota  has  been  announced  by  Dr.  Coues.  Additional 
light  is  thrown  upon  the  range  of  this  almost  unknown  species  by  its 
discovery  in  Southeastern  Arizona  and  Southwestern  New  Mexico.  I 
found  it  in  immense  numbers,  from  September  20  till  late  in  October, 


REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


Ill 


throughout  the  rolling  plains  along  the  bases  of  the  mountains,  and 
even  quite  high  up  among  the  foot-hills.  It  was  usually  associated  with 
the  Savanna  and  Yellow-winged  Sparrows,  and  seems  to  embrace  in  its 
habits  certain  characteristics  of  either  species.  Its  flight  is  particularly 
like  that  of  the  former  bird,  but  even  more  wild  and  irregular.  It  pur- 
sues its  zigzag  course  for  a  couple  of  hundred  yards,  and  then,  suddenly 
turning  sharply  to  one  side,  alights  behind  some  friendly  bush  or  tuft  of 
grass.  Like  the  Yellow-winged  Sparrow,  it  is  difficult  to  flush,  but  seeks 
rather  to  evade  search  by  running  nimbly  through  the  grass,  changing 
its  course  frequently,  and  hiding  wherever  possible,  flying  only  when 
hard  pressed.  A  large  number  of  specimens  were  secured,  all  molting, 
and  many  in  extremely  ragged  plumage.  From  their  condition,  it  is 
presumed  that  they  were  not  migrants,  but  breed  in  the  immediate 
locality.  The  following  measurements,  taken  from  fresh  specimens, 
were  selected  from  a  series  of  over  thirty  : 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Length. 

Stretch. 

W. 

T. 

B. 

Tars. 

812 

813 
814 

815 
816 

* 

$ 
9 
$ 
9 

Camp  Grant, 
Ariz. 
....do  
do  
....do  
do  

Sept.  22 

Sept.  22 
Sept.  22 
Sept.  22 
Sept.  22 

Henshaw  . 

..  do.. 
....do.... 
....do.... 
do  

5.49 

5.74 
5.43 
5.43 
5.49 

9.37 

9.25 

8.80 
9.25 
9.13 

3.00 

2.93 
2.74 
3.00 
2  74 

2.31 

2.25 
2.19 
2.37 

2.25 

0.43 

0.45 
0.45 
0.41 
0.45 

0.80 

0.79 

0.80 
0.79 
0  77 

817 
818 
819 

$ 
9 
9 

....do  
....do  
do  

Sept.  22 
Sept.  22 
Sept.  23 

....do.... 
Maquet..  . 
Heushaw  . 

5.62 
5.37 
5.49 

9.19 

8.80 
8.74 

3.00 
2.62 
2  62 

2.25 
2.12 
2  12 

0.43 
0.45 

0.80 
0.77 

821 

822 
823 
835 
836 

837 
838 
839 

804 

$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 

....do  
....do  
....do  
....do  
....do  
....do  
....do  
,...do  
Mt.  Graham, 

Sept.  23 
Sept.  23 
Sept.  23 
Sept.  23 
Sept.  23 
Sept.  23 
Sept.  23 
Sept.  23 
Sept.  21 

....do.... 
....do.... 
....  do.... 
....do.... 
....do.... 
....do.... 
....do.... 
....do.... 
do  

5.68 
5.46 
5.61 
5.74 
5.66 
5.48 
5.36 
5.66 

9.06 
9.06 
9.37 
9.37 
9.25 
9.43 
9.31 
9.06 

3.00 
2.80 
3.00 
3.06 
3.00 
2.80 
2.80 
2.74 
2.80 

2.17 
2.12 
2.37 
2.30 
2.25 
2.18 
2.25 
2.18 
2.27 

0.45 
0.45 
0.44 
0.43 
0.47 
0.47 
0.43 
0.45 
C.47 

0.85 
0.82 
0.82 
0,83 
0.81 
0.82 
0.77 
0.81 
0.83 

807 
920 

$ 

9 

Ariz. 
....do  
GilaRiver,N. 

Sept.  21 
Oct.    16 

..do.. 
do  





2.75 
2.65 

2.30 
1.95 

0.44 
0.46 

0.83 
0.81 

Mex. 

* 

* 

GO.  Passerculus  savanna  (Wil.),  var.  alaudinus,  Bp. — Western  Savanna 
Sparrow. 

During  the  fall  often  found  on  the  high  dry  plateaus.    Always  nu- 
merous in  the  vicinity  of  sloughs  and  streams. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

608 
620 
634 
665 

MT 

9jim. 

$ 
9jun. 

c?jun- 

Mt.  Graham,  Ariz  
Apache,  Ariz  
do  
do  

Camp  Grant  Ariz 

Aug.  21 
Aug.  26 
Aug.   27 
Aug.  23 
Aug    23 

Henshaw. 
....do  .... 
....do  .... 
....do  .... 
do 

2.60 
2.  75 
2.50 
2.65 
2  75 

2.20 
2.23 
2.10 
2.26 
2  26 

0.40 
0.42 
0.43 
0.43 
0  45 

0.73 
0.80 

o.  7:> 

0.82 
0  75 

894 

9 

do  

Sept.  29 

....do  .... 

2.60 

2.10 

0.42 

0.77 

Gl.  Pooccetes 
Finch. 


yramineus    (Gin.),    var.     confinis,    Bd. — Western    Grass- 


112     EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 


This  and  the  preceding  species  are  perhaps  the  most  common  and 
generally  distributed  in  the  West  of  the  sparrow- tribe.  They  both 
frequent  much  the  same  localities,  but  the  Grass-Finch  is  more  con- 
stantly found  on  the  dry  plains,  and  entirely  away  from  the  vicinity  of 
water. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

11 
12 

784 

$ 
$ 

Camp  Grant,  Ariz  , 
do  

Gila  River  Ariz 

Sept.  22 
Sept.  22 
Sept.  15 

Magnet..  . 
do  
Henshaw  . 

2.98 
3.  13 
3.30 

2.67 
2.71 
2.65 

0.45 
0.45 
0  45 

0.78 
0.85 
0.83 

62.  Coturniculus  passerinus   (Wils.),   var.  perpallidus,  Kidg. — Western 

Yellow-winged  Sparrow. 

Found  abundantly  over  the  same  area  as  the  Baird's  Bunting.  The 
specimens  obtained  are  all  typical  of  this  race,  and  differ  very  decidedly 
from  the  eastern  form  (passerinus)  in  the  general  predominance  of  the 
light  tints  through  the  entire  plumage. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

6 

A 

Southern  Arizona  ... 

Magnet   . 

2.43 

2.13 

0.48 

0.76 

13 

% 

Camp  Grant  Ariz 

do 

2  50 

2  09 

0  47 

0  77 

10 
610 

$ 
A 

Mount  Graham,  Ariz  

do 

....  do  .... 
Henshaw 

2.40 
2  50 

2.05 

2  06 

0.50 
0.50 

0.75 

0.76 

612 

A 

do  

do  

2.50 

2.07 

0.43 

0.73 

613 

0 

do  

...  do  

2.40 

2.10 

0.47 

0.71 

628 
629 
630 

$ 
9 

0 

do  
do  
do    

....do  .... 
....  do  .... 
do  

2.60 
2.45 
2.62 

2.15 
2.05 
2.23 

0.47 
0.46 
0.45 

0.70 
0.70 
0.73 

627 

782 

$ 

£ 

Gila  River  Ariz 

....do.... 
do 

2  50 
2  55 

2.08 
2  10 

0.49 
0  55 

0.  76 
0.  73 

C3.  Zonotrichia  leucophrys,  (Forst.)—  White-crowned  Sparrow. 

Exceedingly  abundant  in  the  fall  in  the  valleys  of  the  San  Pedro  and 
Gila  Rivers,  Arizona.  Frequents  the  bushes,  more  particularly  the  wil- 
lows along  the  small  streams. 

Iris  brown 5  bill  above  dusky-brown,  below  lighter;  feet  and  legs 
light-brown. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

1<>0 

9  ad 

Oct.     6 

Newberry 

2  95 

3  00 

0  46 

0.  83 

125 

$  ad. 

do  

Oct.  10 

do  

3.12 

3.11 

0.44 

0.85 

64.  Zonotrichia  leucophrys  (Forst.),   var.   intermedia,   Ridg, — GambeFs 

Finch. 

Arrived  from  the  north  rather  later  than  the  preceding.    Found 
equally  abundant  in  same  localities,  and  associating  together. 


REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


113 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

9S 
1°2 

9.  inn. 

O  ]U11 

Pueblo  Viejo,  N.  Mex. 
Bowie,  Ariz- 

Sept. 18 
Oct.     7 

Ne  wherry. 
...do 

2.94 

2.88 

2.85 
3  00 

0.42 
0.44 

0.83 
0  86 

790 

$ 

ona  River  Ariz 

Sept.  16 

Heushaw 

2  90 

2  92 

0  45 

0  82 

950 

^iun 

Bayard  N  Mex 

Oct     19 

do 

2  90 

2  97 

0  42 

0  84 

950« 

.do      

Oct.    19 

do  

2.80 

2.98 

0  42 

0  83 

Synopsis  of  the  genus  Junco. 

Common  characters :  Prevailing  color  plumbeus ;  the  abdomen,  crissum, 
and  lateral  tail- leathers  white : 

A.  Ash   of  the  jugulum  with  its  posterior  surface  concave,  and 
abruptly  denned  against  the  white  of  abdomen;    sides  tinged 
with  ash ;  upper  parts  pure  ash  : 

1.  hyemalis 

2.  var.  aikeni. 

B.  Jugulum  abruptly  denned  against  the  white  of  abdomen,  but  con- 
vex; sides  pinkish;  dorsal  region  dark  rufous-brown: 

1.  oregonus. 

2.  var.  annectens. 

C.  Back  bright-rufous : 

1.  caniceps. 

2.  var.  dorsalis. 

3.  var.  cinereus. 

4.  var.  alticola. 

By  the  above  arrangement  the  group  is  divided  into  three  distinct 
species,  each  having  a  single  variety  in  the  United  States,  while  to 
caniceps  as  varieties  are  referred,  though  somewhat  doubtfully,  the 
extreme  southern  forms  cinereus  and  alticola.  Hyemalis  of  the  East- 
ern Province  is  represented  in  the  high  northern  Rocky  Mountains  (?) 
by  the  variety  aikeni,  distinguished  by  its  larger  size,  the  white  bands 
of  the  wings,  the  greater  amount  of  white  on  the  tail-feathers,  and  the 
generally  paler  coloration,  features  all  readily  traceable  to  the  effects  of 
its  cold  alpine  habitat.  Annectens,  also  inhabiting  the  northern  Eocky 
Mountains,  is  referable  to  oregonus  of  the  Pacific  coast,  which  it  resem- 
bles in  the  fulvous  sides,  and  in  the  dark  rufous-brown  of  the  dorsal 
region  ;  features  peculiar  to  these  two  forms.  From  it,  it  is  separable 
as  a  variety,  by  much  the  same  differences,  though  less  in  degree,  that 
exist  between  hyemalis  and  aikeni,  differences  assignable,  too,  to  the 
same  causes.  It  is  larger,  with  paler  colors  throughout,  having  the 
plumbeous-black  of  oregonus  replaced  by  a  light  ash,  and  also,  as  Mr. 
Aiken  informs  me,  not  infrequently  shows  a  decided  tendency  to  the 
white  banding  of  the  wings.  This  is  well  shown  in  a  specimen  taken 
at  Fountain,  Col.,  in  December,  which  has  two  well  denned  bauds, 
though  not  quite  so  conspicuous  as  in  typical  examples  of  aikeni.  Junco 
caniceps  of  the  central  Kocky  Mountains  of  the  United  States  is  at  once 
distinguished  from  any  of  the  above  by  the  bright,  reddish,  chestnut- 
brown  of  the  interscapular  region.  In  the  southern  Ilocky  Mountains 
in  New  Mexico  and  Arizona,  is  found  var.  dorsalis,  which  seems  to  com- 
bine certain  features  peculiar  to  both  caniceps  and  cinereus,  and  also  in 
certain  other  points  to  differ  from  either.  In  the  restriction  of  red  to 
the  interscapular  region  it  is  like  caniceps  ;  but  in  quite  a  number  of  spe- 
cimens collected  in  New  Mexico  during  the  past  season  the  tertiaries 
are  strongly  tinged  with  rufous,  showing  in  this  respect  an  approach  to 
80S 


114     EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 


cinereus,  where  the  chestnut  of  the  back  extends  over  the  wing-coverts 
and  inner  secondaries.  The  bill  above  is  brownish -black,  below  whit- 
ish, thus  differing  from  caniceps,  which  has  a  flesh-colored  bill,  and 
apparently  approaching  cinereus,  where  it  is  black  above,  below  yellow. 
Like  cinereus,  also,  the  pale  ash  of  the  throat  fades  gradually  into  the 
white  of  abdomen,  instead  of  being,  as  in  caniceps,  abruptly  defined.  Of 
quite  a  large  series  of  specimens  collected  by  myself  the  past  season, 
and  others  in  the  Smithsonian  collection,  I  have  seen  none  which  are 
not  readily  assignable  to  one  variety  or  the  other  by  the  distinctive 
features  pointed  out.  The  theory  of  hybridization,  which  might  be 
admissible  were  only  one  or  two  specimens  known  possessing  interme- 
diate characters,  seems  wholly  inadequate  as  an  explanation  in  the  case 
of  either  annectens  or  dorsalis,  where  the  forms  extend  over  very  exten- 
sive regions,  and  preserve  their  distinctive  characteristics  intact. 
Whether  cinereus  of  the  table-lands  of  Mexico,  with  a  local  variety, 
alticola  of  the  mountains  of  Guatemala,  may  not  justly  be  entitled  to 
specific  rank,  is  a  matter  of  considerable  doubt.  While  the  typical 
forms  of  caniceps  and  cinereus  are  widely  different,  dorsalis,  intermediate 
in  its  habitat,  seems  also  intermediate  in  its  characters,  and  it  therefore 
may  be  best  to  treat  the  two  (caniceps  et  cinereus}  as  only  separable  as 
varieties  rather  than  as  distinct  species.  A  large  suite,  however,  of 
these  birds  collected  in  Mexico,  which  at  present  is  wanting,  might  shed 
more  light  on  the  subject. 

65.  Junco  liyemalis  (L.),  var.  aikeni,  Eidg. — White-winged  Snowbird. 

This  race  of  the  common  snow-bird  (hyemalis)  is  found  late  in  the 
fall  and  winter,  distributed  over  quite  a  large  area  in  the  middle  Eocky 
Mountains  of  the  United  States.  I  found  it  and  the  two  succeeding 
forms,  mingled  indiscriminately  in  large  flocks,  in  El  Paso  County,  Colo- 
rado, the  middle  of  December.  Mr.  Aiken  has  had  abundant  opportunity 
to  note  the  time  and  manner  of  its  migrations,  and  from  these  it  seems 
pretty  certain  that  it  finds  its  summer-home  very  far  to  the  northward. 
According  to  Mr.  Aiken,  the  first  stragglers  from  the  north  do  not  make 
their  appearance  till  about  the  5th  of  October,  and  then  in  gradually 
increasing  numbers  till  the  1st  of  December,  when  they  come  in  large 
flocks,  the  last  to  arrive  being  the  old  and  i'ully-plumaged  males.  While 
many  of  the  females  and  young  birds  proceed  farther  to  the  south,  the 
greater  number  of  the  adult  males  winter  at  some  point  farther  to  the  north 
than  El  Paso  County,  as  of  the  whole  number  seen  during  the  winter  only 
about  two-fifths  are  males.  Early  in  February  the  old  birds  begin  to  start 
northward,  the  general  migration  being  delayed  about  a  month.  The 
habits  of  this  race  do  not  differ  from  those  of  its  congeners. 

66.  Junco  oregonus,  (Towns.) — Oregon  Snowbird. 

Found  abundantly  in  the  neighborhood  of  Bayard,  N.  Mex.,  and 
generally  distributed  from  this  point  northward,  keeping  in  the  low 
foot-hills  and  along  the  streams  on  the  plains.  Mr.  Aiken  informs  me 
that  comparatively  but  few  of  this  species  remain  during  the  winter  in 
his  section,  the  greater  proportion  passing  on  still  further  to  the  south. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

947 

9 

Bayard,  N.  Mex  

Oct.  19 

Hensha  w  . 

3.07 

2.78 

0.43 

0.78 

REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


115 


67.  Junco  oregonus  (Towns.),  var.  annectens,  Bd. — Pink-sided  Snowbird. 

Numerous  in  El  Paso  County,  Colorado,  in  December.  Considerable 
numbers  winter  here,  although,  from  tbe  fact  that  a  large  majority  of 
these  are  males,  Mr.  Aiken  is  led  to  believe  that  the  greater  number 
spend  the  winter  farther  south.  I  met  with  it  near  Silver  City,  South- 
western New  Mexico,  late  in  October,  but  it  was  not  common. 


No. 

963 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

<?jun. 

Silver  City,  N.  Mex  .  .  . 

Oct.  24 

Henshaw. 

3.43 

3.18 

0.48 

0.79 

G8.  Junco  caniceps  (Woodh.),  var.  dorsalis,  Henry. 

From  near  Wiugate,  N.  Mex.,  where  this  variety  was  first  seen  the 
middle  of  July  to  the  southward,  it  appears  to  entirely  replace  the  true 
caniceps.  It  was  very  abundant,  keeping  generally  well  up  among  the 
mountains,  even  in  November  not  appearing  to  straggle  far  down.  The 
young,  in  nesting-plumage,  taken  July  19,  showed  in  the  coloration  of 
the  back  and  bill  the  peculiar  features  of  the  adult  birds. 

Bill  brownish-black  above,  below  whitish  ;  legs  and  feet  brown. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

459 

ft  1UD 

Neutria  N  Mex 

July  19 

Henshaw 

3  00 

3  18 

0  43 

0  78 

544 
67:5 
683 
684 
695 

$  ad. 

$ 
$ 
9 

0 

White  Mountains,  Ariz  . 
do  
do  
do  

do 

Aug.  10 
Sept.   1 
Sept.  2 
Sept.  4 
Sept    3 

....do  .... 
....do  .... 
....do  ..... 
....do  .... 
do 

3.20 
3.  25 
3.  12 
3.15 
3  14 

3.18 
3.  23 
3.08 
3.06 
3  15 

0.43 
0.43 
0.43 
0.47 
0  43 

0.86 
0.79 
0.86 
0.79 
0  75 

983 
984 

9 
£ 

Mountains,  Southwest 
New  Mexico. 
do  

Nov.    5 
Nov.    5 

....do  .... 
...do  

3.16 
3.22 

3.12 
3.19 

0.39 
0  43 

0.79 
0  74 

89 

9 

White  Mountains,  N. 
Mex. 

Sept.   1 

Newberry. 

3.07 

2.96 

0.46 

0.74 

69.  Poospiza  bilineata,  (Cass.) — Black- throated  Sparrow. 

Quite  a  common  species  in  the  vicinity  of  Wiugate,  N.  Mex.,  in  July, 
when  the  young  in  nestiug-olumage  were  taken.  Present  in  small 
numbers  at  Apache,  Ariz.,  and  abundant  along  the  Gila  the  middle  of 
September,  where  it  habitually  frequented  the  uiezquite  thickets.  Is 
pre-eminently  a  bush  and  tree  loving  species. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

43? 

r?  inn. 

Wingate,  N.  Mex  

July  14 

Henshaw 

2.45 

2.40 

0.40 

0  69 

511 

512 
611 
675 
692 

9  jnn. 
$  jun. 
$  ad, 
$  ad. 

$ 

Cave  Spring,  Ariz  
do  

Mount  Graham,  Ariz.. 
Apache,  Ariz  
San  Pedro  Ariz 

Aug.    1 
Aug.    1 
Sept.  21 
Sept.  21 
Oct.     2 

....do  .... 
....do  .... 
....do  .... 
....do  '.... 
do 

2.45 
2.47 
2.50 
2.56 

2  58 

2.37 
2.51 
2.59 
2.63 
2  63 

0.45 
0.42 
0.40 
0.41 
0  40 

0.70 
0.72 
0.74 
0.69 
0  72 

771 

$  ad. 

Gila  River,  Ariz  

Oct.     2 

....do  .... 

2.50 

2.66 

0.43 

0.71 

70.  Poospiza  belli,  (Cass.),  var.  nevadensis,  Eidgw. — Artemisia-Sparrow. 
Very  abundant  in  the  valleys  of  the  San  Pedro  and  Gila  Rivers, 


116      EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  IOOT1I  MERIDIAN. 


Arizona,  in  October.  A  well-marked  race,  differing  from  the  true  belli 
in  larger  size,  as  also  in  the  paler  coloration.  Streaks  on  the  back  dis- 
tinct and  always  present.  These  are  usually  entirely  wanting  in  the 
typical  belli,  which  is  restricted  in  its  range  to  California.  Comparative 
measurements  of  the  two  races  are  appended. 

Poospiza  l)dli. 
[In  Smithsonian  collection.] 


No. 

Locality. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

6338 

Cosurnues  River                 .   .  . 

2  74 

2  90 

0  43 

0  80 

63652 

Saticoy  Cal 

2  75 

3  00 

0  40 

0  75 

2.43 

2.31 

0.32 

0.81 

Poospiza,  var.  nevadensis. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

916 

# 

Gila  River,  Ariz  

Oct.  16 

Henshaw. 

3.02 

3.02 

0.43 

0.83 

917 

0 

do         

Oct.  16 

do  

2.  95 

2.85 

0.43 

0.77 

921 

0 

do 

Oct.  16 

...do  .... 

3.10 

2.97 

0.42 

0.86 

71.  Spizella  monticola,  (Gmel.) — Tree-Sparrow. 

Not  met  with  till  at  El  Paso  County,  Colorado,  where,  according  to  Mr. 
Aiken,  it  is  an  abundant  winter-resident.  Found  on  the  Colorado  Chi- 
quito,  New  Mexico,  by  Dr.  Kennerly,  in  December.  Specimens  taken 
in  this  region  average  considerably  lighter  than  in  the  east. 

72.  Spizella  socialis,  (Wils.),  var.  arizonce,  Cs. — Arizona Chipping-Sparrow. 
Common  through  Arizona  and  New  Mexico.    Habits  and  notes  appear 

identical  with  those  of  the  eastern  socialis.  Two  broods  are  raised  in  a 
season.  A  nest,  found  July  24,  and  containing  young  just  hatched,  was 
placed  in  a  small  pinon-tree  a  few  feet  from,  the  ground. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

449 

A  iun 

Win^ate,  N.  Mex  

July  16 

Henshaw  . 

2.80 

2.65 

0.36 

0.  65 

466 

606 
630 
631 

621 

668 

<?jun. 

<?jun. 
Jun. 
<?juu. 
c?jun. 
£  inn 

Inscription    Rock,   N. 
Mex. 
Apache,  Ariz  
do  
do  
do  
do 

July  23 

Aug.  28 
Aug.  27 
Aug.    6 
Aug.  26 

....do  .... 

...do  .. 
....do  .... 
,...do  .... 
....do  .... 
...do 

2.84 

2.97 

2.79 
2.79 

2.85 
2.86 

2.68 

2.77 
2.61 
2.60 
2.68 
2.65 

0.38 

0.38 
0.39 
0.40 
0.41 
0.39 

0.65 

0.68 
0.63 
0.67 
0.68 
0.66 

723 

847 
848 

no 

$  ad. 
$ 
9 
o  ad 

South  of  Apache,  Ariz. 
Cainp  Grant,  Ariz  
do  

Camp  Bowie 

Sept.  1 
Sept.  8 
Sept.  24 
Sept.  9 

....do  .... 
....do  .... 
....do  .... 
Newberry 

2.76 
2.90 
2.75 

2.75 

2.60 
2.75 
2.55 
2.  60 

0.40 
0.32 
0.35 
0.38 

0.65 
0.  65 
0.68 
0.65 

73.  Spizella  pallida  (Sw.),  var.  breweri,  Cass. — Brewer's  Sparrow. 
Common,  and  generally  distributed  in   Eastern  Arizona.     By  the 


REPORT   UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


117 


middle  of  August  they  bad  gathered  into  flocks,  and,  in  company  with 
other  sparrows,  were  commonly  seen  seeking  among  weeds  and  bushes 
for  seeds. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

f>:U 

<j> 

Apache  Ariz 

Auf.  16 

Hensliaw 

2.45 

2.55 

0.31 

0.65 

632 
653 

<?juu. 

9 

do  
..do  

Aug.  26 
An".  27 

....do  .... 
do  

2.27 

2.38 

2.  56 
2.57 

0.35 
0.33 

0.69 
0.64 

770 

$ 

Gila  River,  Ariz  

Sept.   1 

....do  .... 

2.40 

2.62 

0.35 

0.71 

74.  j\{elospiza  melodia  (Wils.),  vaY.fallax,  Bd. — Western  Song-Sparrow. 
Not  very  common.    Found   in  the  White   Mountains,  Arizona,  in 
August.    Present,  also,  in  small  numbers,  along  the  Gila. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

149 

0 

Bayard  N  Mex 

Oct.  19 

Hensliaw 

2.57 

2.95 

0.46 

0.82 

75.  Melospiza  lincolni,  Aud. — Lincoln's  Finch. 

Among  the  hordes  of  sparrows  found  along  the  Gila  River,  the  middle 
of  September,  no  one  species  compared  at  all  in  its  abundance  to  this 
finch.  The  tall  weeds  and  undergrowth  were  literally  alive  with  these 
birds,  dozens  of  which  would  be  scared  up  at  every  step  and  alight  on 
the  neighboring  trees.  They  spend  all  their  time  on  the  ground,  search- 
ing for  the  small  seeds  and  insects  which  constitute  their  food.  When 
undisturbed,  they  are  perfectly  silent,  but  occasionally,  when  startled, 
emit  a  sharp  chirp. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

746 

5 

Gila  River,  Ariz  . 

Sept.  11 

2.35 

2.40 

0.48 

0.76 

785 

£ 

do 

Sept   15 

2.54 

2.67 

0.45 

0.77 

787 
789 

9 
jf 

do  
do           .         .            

Sept.  15 
Sept.  15 

2.  57 
2.37 

2.70 
2.47 

0.  43 
0.43 

0.75 

0.75 

790 

0 

do 

Sept   15 

2  47 

2  65 

0  48 

0.84 

70.  Peuccea  ruficeps  (Cass.),  var.  boucardi,  Sclat. 

Under  this  variety  of  the  Rufous-crowned  Sparrow  are  included  a 
series  of  ten  sparrows,  collected  in  Arizona  from  Apache  southward 
and  near  Camp  Bayard,  N.  Mex.  From  the  typical  ruficeps,  as  shown 
by  specimens  in  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  they  differ  in  the  generally 
darker  coloration,  especially  shown  in  the  rufous  of  the  head,  and  in  the 
stouter,  darker  bill,  showing  in  these  respects  their  relationship  with 
boucardi. 

Young  birds  in  the  nesting-plumage  have  the  entire  upper  parts  ashy- 
brown  ;  beneath  pale  yellowish-white,  profusely  streaked  across  the 
breast  and  along  the  sides  with  dark-brown;  greater  wing-coverts  tipped 
with  fulvous;  secondaries  margined  outwardly  with  dull-rufous. 

This  sparrow  was  found  to  prefer  rocky  localities,  generally  in  the 


118      EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 


close  vicinity  of  the  streams.  In  some  places  it  was  not  uncommon, 
usually  in  small  companies  of  from  three  to  eight.  I  never  saw  it  near 
the  pines,  and,  at  this  season  at  least,  doubt  it  ever  being  found  among 
them.  Indeed,  all  its  habits  and  motions,  as  it  busies  itself  searching 
for  food  among  the  rocks  and  bushes,  are  exceedingly  similar  to  the 
Song-Sparrow  (M.fallax),  for  which  I  mistook  it  more  than  once  5  its 
chirp  of  alarm  was  very  similar. 
Bill  dark-brown  above,  paler  below ;  legs  and  feet  light-brown. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

591 

$  ad 

Apacli6  Ariz 

Auff.  21 

Heushaw 

2.53 

2.73 

0  50 

0  75 

713 
719 

9  ad. 
$  ad 

Thirty  miles  south  of 
Apache,  Ariz. 

Sept.    7 
Sept.    8 

....  do.... 
do  . 

2.  47 

2  38 

2.76 
2  86 

0.51 

0  47 

0.75 

0  78 

720 
744 

758 
764 

9jun. 
$  ad. 
$ 
$  ad. 

...do  .. 
....do  
Gila  River,  Ariz  
...do  

Sept.    8 
Sept.  — 
Sept.  11 
Sept.  12 

....do.... 
....do.... 

Turner  .  .  . 

2.38 
2.35 
2.30 
2.  55 

2.63 
2.72 
2.73 
2.  92 

0.47 
0.50 
0.51 
0.50 

0.80 
0.79 
0.74 

0.77 

800 

A 

Camp  Grant,  Ariz   . 

Sept.  27 

Henshaw 

2  57 

3  20 

0.46 

0.81 

898 

rt  lllU. 

do 

Sept.  30 

do 

2  44 

3  76 

0  45 

0  80 

946 

A 

Bayard,  N.  Mex.  

Oct.    19 

do  

2.63 

3.  15 

0.47 

0.74 

77.  Peuccea,  sp.(?) 

Feathers  above  with  dark-brown  centers,  and  edged  conspicuously 
with  fulvous;  brightest  on  the  rump,  where  each  feather  is  broadly 
tipped  with  the  same;  beneath  pale  ochraceous-yellow,  becoming  strong 
fulvous  on  the  flanks  and  under  tail-coverts;  upper  parts  of  breast  and 
throat  strongly  and  sides  less  distinctly  marked  with  longitudinal  streaks 
of  black;  wing-coverts  edged  and  tipped  with  strong  fulvous;  inner  sec 
oudaries  bordered  with  same,  but  darker;  tail-feathers  black,  margined 
with  dull-rufous;  bend  of  wing  edged  with  light-yellow;  bill  above  dark- 
brown,  paler  beneath. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

878 

<?jun. 

Camp  Grant,  Ariz  

Sept.  27 

Heushaw  . 

2.50 

2.58 

0.47 

0.80 

The  above  is  a  description  of  a  sparrow  taken  at  Camp  Grant.  It 
was  started  from  the  long  grass  on  the  open  plain,  and  no  others  were 
seen.  From  a  comparison  made  with  specimens  in  the  Smithsonian  In- 
stitution, it  appears  not  to  be  the  young  of  any  species  of  the  genus 
known  to  inhabit  the  United  States,  but  may  perhaps  be  one  of  several 
Mexican  forms,  of  which  the  Institution  has  no  examples.  Its  immature 
condition  renders  it  exceedingly  difficult  to  arrive  at  any  satisfactory 
conclusion  respecting  it,  and  I  therefore  deem  it  best  to  leave  its  deter- 
mination till  better  specimens  or  a  larger  series  are  at  hand  lor  com- 
parison. 

78.  Passerella  townsendii  (And.),  var.  sclii&tacea,  Bd. 

Probably  very  rare  in  this  region,  as  a  single  specimen,  taken  in  a 
small  canon  south  of  Apache,  was  the  only  on#  seen  during  the  season. 


REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


119 


No. 

Sox. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

738 

Sjim. 

Forty  miles  south  of 
Apache,  Ariz. 

Sept.    1 

Henshaw  . 

3.00 

3.45 

0.48 

.     0.86 

79.  Calamospiza  bicolor,  (Towns.) — Lark-Bun  ting ;  White- winged  Black- 
bird. 

A  few  in  the  worn  breeding-plumage  were  seen  in  the  neighborhood 
of  Zuni,  1ST.  Mex.,  in  July.  Leaving  here,  the  species  was  not  again  met 
with  till  October,  when  they  were  found  in  large  flocks  in  the  San  Pedro 
and  Gila  Valleys,  Arizona.  They  feed  almost  entirely  at  this  season  upon 
the  seeds  of  various  grasses,  and,  when  engaged  in  searching  for  these, 
show  little  of  the  shyness  attributed  to  them  at  other  periods  of  the 
year.  By  the  middle  of  October,  the  males  have  assumed  the  plumage 
of  the  females,  and  are  indistinguishable  from  them  and  the  young,  ex- 
cept that  the  streakiugs  underneath  are  heavier  and  blacker,  particu- 
larly about  the  throat,  and  there  is  also  much  black  on  the  wings. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

503 

$  ad. 

Zuni,  N.  Mex    

July  25 

Henshaw  . 

3.  45 

2.92 

0.56 

0.93 

8W 

$ 

San  Pedro,  Ariz 

Oct.      3 

Magnet 

3  25 

2  74 

0  52 

0.91 

907 
<H3 

9 
9 

....do  
do  

Oct.      3 
Oct.      3 

do  
Henshaw 

3.28 
3.25 

2.65 
2.54 

0.54 
0.52 

0.90 
0.90 

930 
931 

$  ad. 
$  ad 

Gila  River,  Ariz  
do 

Oct.    17 
Oct     17 

....  do.... 
do 

3.55 
3  40 

2.95' 
3  03 

0.60 
0  53 

0.95 
0  90 

935 

$  ad. 

do  . 

Oct.    17 

do 

3  41 

2  85 

0  53 

0.90 

930 
937 

* 

$ 

....do  
do  

Oct.    17 
Oct.    17 

....do.... 
...  do 

3.41 
3.37 

2.95 

2.87 

0.52 
0.56 

0.98 
0.95 

940 

9 

....do  

Oct.    17 

....do.... 

3.00 

2.67 

0.54 

0.90 

80.  Euspiza  americana,  (Gm.) — Black-throated  Bunting. 

A  specimen  taken  near  San  Pedro,  Ariz.,  September  3.    This  was  ap- 
parently a  mere  straggler,  as  the  species  was  nowhere  else  met  with. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

8% 

Q  jun. 

San  Pedro  Ariz 

Sept     3 

Henshaw 

3  ig 

2  50 

0  55 

0  86 

81.  Hedymeles  melanocephalus,  (Sw.) — Black-headed  Grossbeak. 

Rather  numerous  in  the  vicinity  of  Wingate,  K  Mex.,  where  it  breeds. 
Common  also  at  Apache,  keeping  in  the  tall  cottonwoods  and  thickets 
of  the  streams. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

95 

9  ad. 

Apache,  Ariz  .  .  . 

Sept    12 

Newherry 

3  19 

3  15 

0  73 

0  86 

642 

cf  jun. 

do  

Aug.  28 

Henshaw 

3  73 

3  12 

0  76 

0  85 

690 

9jun. 

....do  

Sept.    3 

....do.... 

4.06 

3.40 

0.70 

0.88 

120     EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  JOOTH  MERIDIAN. 

82.  Guiraca  ccerulea,  (L.) — Blue  Grossbeak. 

Among  the  bushes  and  copses  that  line  the  river-bank  at  Apache  this 
species  was  not  uncommon  toward  the  end  of  August,  and  I  doubt  not 
that  they  breed  here.  They  were  very  shy,  and  an  occasional  glimpse  of 
a  bird  as  it  flitted  from  one  clump  to  another  was  all  that  could  be 
obtained. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

629 

ft  lull 

Apache  Ariz 

Auo-    27 

Henshaw 

3  43 

2  90 

0  42 

0  75 

83.  Cyanospiza  amoena,  (Say.) — Lazuli  Finch. 

Common  at  Apache,  where  it  frequented  the  bushes  and  weeds  in 
search  of  seeds.  In  a  male  taken  in  October  the  blue  is  clouded  and 
almost  obscured  by  rufous,  which  overspreads  the  whole  plumage. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

598 

$  jun. 

Apache.  Ariz 

Auo-.  23 

Henshaw 

2  46 

2  21 

0  37 

0  63 

609 

$  ad 

do 

All"-    24 

do 

2  87 

2  41 

0  39 

0  67 

623 

707 

9  Jan. 
rf  iun. 

....do  

do 

Aug.  26 
Sept   — 

....do.... 
do 

2.  68 
2  85 

2.  32 

2  25 

0.38 
0  40 

0.65 
0  66 

891 

$  ad. 

Sau  Pedro,  Ariz  

Oct.      2 

....do.... 

2.85 

2.52 

0.40 

0.63 

84.  Pipilo  maculatus,  Sw.,  var.  megalonyx  Bd. — Long-spurred  Towhee. 

Apparently  the  only  Black  Pipilo  inhabiting  this  region.  Though  not 
very  common,  it  was  found  everywhere  along  the  route  in  Eastern  Ari- 
zona and  in  New  Mexico  till  late  in  October. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

448 

$  ad. 

Wingate,  N.  Mex  

July   16 

Henshaw. 

3.36 

4.02 

0.58 

1.05 

85.  Pipilo fuscus  Sw.,  var.  mesoleucus,  Bd. — Canon-Finch. 

I  did  not  detect  this  species  on  the  Gila,  where  the  Abert's  Finch  was 
very  numerous.  When  nearing  Camp  Grant,  my  attention  was 
attracted  by  hearing  notes  issuing  from  a  thicket  on  the  sides  of  a  rocky 
canon,  which  I  was  confident  I  had  never  before  heard,  and  a  short 
search  soon  revealed  the  author  to  be  this  finch.  The  notes  are  much 
deeper  and  harsher  than  those  of  the  Abert's  Finch.  The  habits  of  the 
two  birds  appear  much  the  same,  but  the  present  bird  seems  rather  to 
prefer  rocky  canons  to  more  open  situations. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

866 

# 

Camp  Grant  Ariz 

Sept   24 

Henshaw 

3  64 

0.60 

0  98 

196 

Bowie,  Ariz  .      

Oct.    10 

New  berry. 

3.58 

4.24 

0.57 

0.98 

4a 

San  Carlos,  Ariz 

Sept    13 

Magnet 

3.57 

4.55 

0.58 

0.99 

REPORT   UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


121 


86.  Pipilo  aberti,  Bel.— Abert's  Towhee. 

This  was  a  very  abundant  species  along  the  Gila  Kiver,  which  was 
the  only  point  where  it  was  seen.  It  frequented  the  thickest  brush, 
whence  its  loud,  peculiar  chirp  could  be  heard  issuing  at  all  times.  It 
was  gregarious  at  this  time,  considerable  numbers  being  found  together, 
and  always  showed  great  shyness,  betaking  itself  on  the  least  alarm  to 
the  impenetrable  mezquite-thickets.  All  were  molting. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

766 

A 

Gila  River,  Ariz  

Sept.  14 

Henshaw 

3  70 

4  92 

0  58 

1  08 

767 
779 
796 

797 
798 

9 
$ 
9,1  'in. 
<?.1"n. 
<?jun. 

do  
do  
do  
do  
do  

Sept.  14 
Sept.  15 
Sept.  14 
Sept.  16 
Sept.  16 

....do  .... 
....do  .... 
....do  .... 
....do  .... 
....do  .... 

3.55 
3.46 
3.  53 
3.41 
3.61 
3  55 

4.71 

4.81 
4.68 
4.45 
4.75 
4  75 

0.60 
0.60 
0.60 
*0.60 
0.60 
0  58 

1.09 
1.07 
1.11 
1.05 
1.09 
1  00 

87.  Pipilo  chlorurus,  (Towns.) — Green-tailed  Finch. 

Bather   numerous  on  the  brushy  streams   near    Apache,   Ariz.,  in. 
August.    Generally  distributed  during  the  fall- migration. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

WiDg. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

725 

760 
5 

9.  Inn. 
9jnn. 
Juu. 

Near  Apache,  Ariz  
South  of  Apache,  Ariz. 
San  Curios,  Ariz  . 

Sept.    8 

Sept,  11 

Sept    13 

Henshaw. 

....do  .... 
Magnet 

2.87 
2.87 
2  83 

3.40 
3.55 
3  39 

0.48 
0.52 
0  50 

0.93 
0.90 
0  94 

(the  Larks). 

88.  Eremopliila  alpestris  (Forst.),  var.  chrysolcema,  Wagl. 

The  young  were  taken  near  Wingate,  N.  Mex.,  June  30,  by  Dr.  New- 
berry,  jr.  After  September,  the  species  was  found  gathered  in  large 
flocks  and  scattered  over  the  dry  and  arid  plains,  where  they  feed  upon 
the  seeds  and  insects  which  they  pick  up  among  the  sage-brush  and 
bushes.  Later,  in  the  latter  part  of  November,  the  plains  between 
Win  gate  and  Santa  F6  were  fairly  alive  with  these  birds,  and  flocks 
numbering  thousands  were  met  with  at  short  intervals. 

ICTERID^:  (the  Orioles). 

89.  Agelaius  phceniceiis,  (L.) — Red-winged  Blackbird. 

A  few  noticed  at  Apache  the  latter  part  of  August,  associating  with 
flocks  of  the  succeeding  species. 

90.  Xardlioceplialus  icterocephalus,  (Bon.) — Yellow-headed  Blackbird. 
Not  common  near  /uni,  N.  Mex.,  the  latter  part  of  July.     Present  at 

Apache  in  considerable  flocks  in  the  marshy  spots  along  the  river. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

698 

r?Hm. 

Apache,  Ariz  ...  .  

Auo-.  27 

Henshaw 

5  54 

4  13 

0  80 

1  31 

122     EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 


91.  Seolecophagm  cyanoceplmlus,  (Wagl.) — Brewer's  Blackbird. 

A  generally  well-distributed  species,  both  in  New  Mexico  and  Arizona. 
Unlike  its  eastern  congener,  the  Rusty  Blackbird,  which  is  pre-eminently 
a  swamp  and  marsh  loving  species,  the  Brewer's  seems  little  inclined  to 
prefer  such  localities,  but  is  often  found,  especially  in  the  fall,  on  the 
outskirts  of  settlements,  haunting  the  corrals  and  barn-yards. 

CORVID^E  (the  Crows). 

92.  Corvus  corax  Z/.,  var.  carnivorus,  Bartr. — American  Raven. 

An  ever-present  species  throughout  our  route.  In  the  fall  and  winter 
they  congregate  just  outside  the  settlements,  frequenting  the  corn-fields 
and  the  ranges,  where  horses  and  cattle  are  pastured.  In  the  wilder- 
ness they  were  most  often  met  with  in  pairs,  and  here  seemed  shy  and 
suspicious.  Their  sharp  eyes  were  quick  to  spy  out  our  presence,  and 
always  in  early  morning  the  croakings  of  one  or  two  pairs  were  heard 
from  the  neighboring  trees  or  rocks,  where  they  were  impatiently  await- 
ing till  our  departure  should  enable  them  to  swoop  down  into  the  camp, 
and  quarrel  over  any  stray  morsels  left  behind. 

93.  Corvus  cryptoleucus,  Couch. — White-necked  Crow. 

I  did  not  detect  the  presence  of  this  bird  in  either  New  Mexico  or 
Arizona.  A  large  flock  was  seen  near  Colorado  Springs  in  December, 
in  which  region  the  observations  of  Mr.  Aiken  show  it  to  be  a  very 
abundant  species. 

94.  Picicorvus  columbianus,  (Wils.) — Clarke's  Crow. 

About  the  middle  of  August  this  species  was  apparently  not  uncom- 
mon in  the  White  Mountains,  Arizona,  where  a  specimen  was  obtained 
by  Dr.  New  berry,  jr.  At  this  season  it  was  very  restless  and  shy. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

54 

$  ad. 

White  Mts.,  Ariz  

Aug.  20 

Newberry. 

7.38 

4.60 

1.57 

1.43 

95.  GymnoMtta  cyanocephala,  Pr.  Max. — Maximilian's  Jay. 

A  large  flock  of  these  jays  were  seen  near  Silver  City,  N.  Mex.,  Octo- 
ber, busily  engaged  on  the  ground  feeding  upon  grass-seeds.  Those  in. 
the  rear  kept  flying  up  and  alighting  in  the  front  rank,  the  whole  flock 
thus  keeping  in  continual  motion.  Near  Tulerosa  late  in  November,  I 
found  the  species  an  abundant  one,  and  chiefly  frequenting  the  pinico- 
line  trees.  Their  habits  here,  however,  seemed  to  imply  a  scarcity  of 
their  favorite  food,  which  are  the  various  seeds  of  the  coniferous  trees, 
for  I  saw  a  large  flock  engaged  in  catching  insects  on  the  wing,  and  in 
this  novel  occupation  they  displayed  no  little  dexterity.  From  the  tops 
of  the  pine-trees  they  ascended  to  a  considerable  height,  when,  hover- 
ing for  an  instant,  they  would  snap  up  an  insect  and  return  to  near  the 
former  position,  remain  for  a  moment,  and  again  make  an  essay. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

3?, 

$  jun. 

Wingate,  N.  Mex  

July  16 

Newberry. 

5.80 

4.46 

1.28 

1.40 

REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


123 


90.  Pica  melanoleuca  Yieill.,  var.  hudsonica,  Sab. — Magpie. 

A  single  bird  in  nesting-plumage  was  shot  by  Dr.  Newberry,  jr.,  at 
the  Kio  Puerco,  sixty  miles  west  of  Wingate,  K.  Mex.  Farther  south 
than  this  the  species  was  not  met  with  ;  and  it'  occurring  in  Eastern  and 
Southeastern  Arizona,  it  must,  I  think,  be  rare. 

97.  Gyanura  stellcri  (Gm.),  var.  macrolopha,  Bd. — Long-crested  Jay. 

This  jay  is  one  of  the  most  characteristic  birds  of  the  western  woods? 
conspicuous  alike  for  its  beautiful  plumage  and  its  loud  and  peculiar 
notes.  In  habits  it  is  very  largely,  though  not  exclusively,  pinicoline, 
being  generally  found  throughout  the  heavy  pine-timber  of  the  mount- 
ainous districts.  It  was  observed  by  us  to  be  numerous  in  such  locali- 
ties, both  in  Arizona  and  New  Mexico.  Like  most  others  of  the  family, 
it  is  gifted  with  considerable  curiosity,  which,  however,  is  rarely  suffi- 
cient to  overcome  its  naturally  rather  suspicious  disposition.  During 
the  fall  they  usually  move  about  in  small  parties  of  six  or  eight,  and 
seern  to  spend  considerable  time  on  the  ground,  hunting  after  seeds, 
acorns,  and  berries,  which  supplement  at  this  season  their  usual  fare, 
consisting  of  the  seeds  of  coniferous  trees.  I  have  often  come  suddenly 
upon  a  party  when  thus  silently  and  busily  engaged,  searching  among 
the  bushes,  often  not  less  to  my  own  than  to  their  surprise.  A  single 
note  was  sufficient  to  alarm  the  whole  flock,  when  they  would  betake 
themselves  to  the  nearest  tree,  and  watch  my  every  motion  with  evident 
interest,  all  the  while  keeping  up  a  constant  chattering  and  screaming. 
Their  natural  distrust,  however,  would  soon  induce  them  to  place  a 
wider  interval  between  us,  and  to  approach  a  second  time  when  they 
had  once  flown  would  have  been  no  easy  matter. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

689 
753 
4 

$ 

$jun. 

Apache  Mts.,  Ariz  
South  of  Apache,  Ariz, 
do 

Sept.    1 
Sept.  11 
Sept.  11 

Henshaw. 
....do  .... 
Ma°net 

5.73 
5.51 
5.64 

5.41 
5.37 
5  40 

1.17 
1.12 
1  16 

1.55 
1.  65 
1.72 

Q40 

A 

Gila  River  Ariz 

Oct     17 

Henshaw 

5  93 

5  43 

1  17 

1  68 

98.    Cyanocitta  floridana  (Bartr.),  var.  woodhousii,  Bd. — Woodhouse's 
Jay. 

A  very  common  species  at  Wingate,  N.  Mex.,  Apache  and  Grant, 
Ariz.,  and  elsewhere.  Frequents  particularly  the  shrubbery  and  thick- 
ets of  the  hill-sides.  Subsists  upon  nuts,  acorns,  seeds,  berries,  insects, 
and  is,  in  fact,  almost  omnivorous. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

114 

9 

Arizona  ....  . 

Sept.  28 

Newherry 

5  04 

5  68 

1  11 

1  40 

589 

it  inn. 

Apache,  Ariz 

Sept   21 

Henshaw 

4  93 

5  71 

1  06 

1  55 

868 

$ 

Camp  Grant,  Ariz  

Sept.  24 

....do  .... 

5.  35 

5.98 

1.15 

1.60 

99.    Perisoreus  canadensis   (L.),  var.   capitalis,  Bd. — Kocky  Mountain 

Gray  Jay. 

Collected  in  the  White  Mountains,  Arizona,  by  Dr.  dewberry,  jr., 
who  found  it  not  uncommon  in  the  forests  of  spruce  and  pine. 


124     EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  JOOTH  MERIDIAN. 


No. 
78 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

$  ad. 

White  Mountains,  Ariz  . 

Aug.  27 

Newberry. 

6.23 

5.98 

0.90 

1.35 

100.  Cyanocitta  ultramarina  (Bp.),  var.  arizonai,  Ridg. — Arizona  Jay. 

I  first  saw  tbis  species  when  encamped  in  a  narrow,  rocky  canon, 
thirty  miles  south  of  Apache,  Ariz.  The  sides  of  the  canon  and  the 
neighboring  heights  were  well  covered  with  a  small  species  of  oak, 
which  were  habitually  frequented  by  these  birds,  and  the  fruit  of  which 
doubtless  forms  a  part  of  its  food.  They  were  not  very  numerous,  but 
appeared  to  keep  in  small  flocks  of  from  six  to  twelve.  Occasionally 
they  were  seen  upon  the  ground,  hunting  for  seeds,  berries,  and  insects, 
but  the  species  seems  to  be  rather  more  arboreal  in  its  habits  than  any 
others  of  the  genus  with  Avhich  I  am  acquainted.  Their  notes  are  essen- 
tially garruline  in  character,  but  are  surprisingly  weak  for  the  size  of 
the  bird,  while  it  is  far  less  noisy  than  others  of  the  family.  At  Camp 
Grant  they  were  rather  more  common,  frequenting  about  the  same 
localities.  "They  were  quite  shy,  showing  little  or  110  curiosity,  but  on. 
discovering  my  presence  would  immediately  make  a  hasty  retreat 
through  the  trees,  and  it  was  only  when  thus  disturbed  that  their  cries 
were  heard.  In  New  Mexico,  I  observed  the  species  as  far  north  as 
Camp  Bayard.  Hitherto  known  but  from  two  localities  in  NCAV  Mexico, 
viz,  Fort  Buchanan  and  the  Copper  Mines.  In  summer,  its  northward 
range  is  probably  limited  to  about  latitude  34°.  An  immature  bird, 
just  molting  the  nesting-plumage,  has  the  blue  of  the  upper  parts 
mixed  with  dull  ash.  The  bill  is  flesh-colored,  the  upper  inaudible 
flesh -colored  at  tip. 

Bill  of  adult  black  5  immature  birds  black,  varied  with  flesh-color. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

.Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

733 

$  jun. 

Thirty  miles  south  of 

Sept.  11 

Henshaw. 

6.30 

5.91 

1.12 

1.68 

Apache,  Ariz. 

734 

$  j«n. 

......do  ,.  

Sept.  11 

...do  .. 

6.47 

6.13 

1.23 

1.  65 

757 

<?j«n. 

do  

Sept.  12 

....do  .... 

6.72 

6.31 

1.16 

1.62 

845 

$  ad. 

Camp  Grant,  Ariz  

Sept.  24 

....do  .... 

6.82 

6.44 

1.25 

1.56 

896 

c?juu. 

do  

Sept.  30 

....do  .... 

6.32 

5.88 

1.22 

1.68 

897 

<?jun. 

do  

Sept.  30 

....do  .... 

6.44 

5.92 

1.25 

1.63 

TYRANNID^E  (the  Flycatchers). 

101.  Tyrannus  verticalis.  Say. — Arkansas  Flycatcher. 

Not  numerous  at  Wingate,  'N.  Mex.    Present  in  small  numbers  at 
Apache,  Ariz.     Keeps  in  the  open-wooded  districts. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

70<> 

o  iun 

Apache  Ariz  . 

Sept.  6 

Henshaw 

4  55 

3  68 

0.76 

0  76 

70H 

$  jun. 

do  

Sept.  7 

do  

4.95 

3.85 

0.78 

0.70 

REPORT   UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


125 


102.  Tyrannous  vociferans,  Sw. — Cassin's  Flycatcher. 

A  rather  common  species  among  the  sage-brush  about  Fort  Wingate. 
Frequents  also  the  open,  brushy  ravines,  and  altogether  seemed  to  be 
less  of  a  tree  loving  species  than  the  preceding.  Noted,  also,  at  various 
points  in  Eastern  Arizona  to  Fort  Bowie. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

457 

$  ad 

Neutria  N  Mex 

July  19 

Henshaw 

5  25 

4  01 

0  80 

0  71 

98 

$  ad. 

Wingate,  N.  Mex  

July  15 

Newberry  . 

5.25 

3.91 

0.86 

0.78 

465 
497 

9  jun. 
$  ad 

Inscription    Rock,  N. 
Mex. 
do 

July  23 
July  24 

Henshaw  . 
do 

5.13 
5  16 

3.95 
3  90 

0.75 
0  91 

0.75 

0  78 

609 

8« 

9 
A 

Mount  Turnbull,  Ariz  . 
do 

Sept.  21 
Sept  20 

....do  .... 
Magnet 

5.  15 
5  14 

3.95 

3  H5 

0.83 
0  87 

0.75 

0  78 

778 

9  jun. 

Gila  River,  Ariz  

Sept.  15 

Henshaw  . 

4.93 

3.96 

0.79 

0.76 

793 

9  ad. 

do  

Sept.  16 

....do  .... 

4.92 

3.81 

0.79 

0.75 

103.  Myiarchus  crinltus  (L.),  var.  cinerascens,  Lawr. — Ash-throated  Fly- 
catcher. 
Less  abundant  than  the  preceding,  but  inhabiting  much  the  same 

region.    In  choice  of  localities,  it  evinced  a  similar  taste,  as  it  affected 

the  open  plains  and  creek-bottoms  grown  up  to  brush  rather  than  the 

more  densely-wooded  districts. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

W 

0  ad. 

Win  ^ate  N.  Mex 

July  16 

Newberry 

3  73 

3.62 

0.73 

0.89 

447 

9  ad. 

do  

July  15 

Henshaw  . 

3.  75 

3.69 

0.77 

0.85 

475 

438 

9  jun. 
A  ad. 

Inscription   Rock,   N. 
Mex. 
Wingate,  N.  Mex  

July   23 
July  15 

....do  .... 
do  .... 

3.67 
4.00 

3.64 
3.94 

0.70 
0.75 

0.87 
0.88 

104.  Sayornis  nigricans,  (Sw.) — Black  Flycatcher. 

Present  throughout  Eastern  Arizona,  where  it  is  a  common  inhabi- 
tant of  the  brush-lined  streams,  and  is  to  be  seen  constantly  in  pursuit 
of  flying  insects.  Its  habits  seem  to  correspond  pretty  closely  with 
those  of  the  eastern  pewee  (S.fuscus). 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

118 

9  jun. 

Bowie,  Ariz  

Sept.    6 

Newberry 

3.25 

3.25 

0.58 

0.66 

fr>-> 

<?  iun. 

Apache.  Ariz 

Au<r      5 

Henshaw 

3  28 

2  86 

0  61 

0.65 

844 

855 

9 
9 

Grant,  Ariz  
do  

Sept.  24 
Sept.  24 

....do  .... 
....do  .... 

3.46 
3.32 

3.  36 
2.07 

0.  57 
0.57 

0.70 
0.68 

105.  Sayornis  sayus,  (Bon.) — Say's  Flycatcher. 

In  the  neighborhood  of  Wingate,  in  July,  both  the  old  and  young  of 
this  flycatcher  were  abundant.  For  the  most  part,  they  were  found 
inhabiting  the  open  sage-brush,  or  the  open  and  rocky  hill-sides  scantily 
clothed  with  brush  and  a  few  scattering  pinou-trees. 


126     EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  IOOTH  MERIDIAN. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

1 

$  ad 

Santa  F6,  N.  Mex  

June  10 

Ne  wberry  . 

3.72 

3.32 

0.60 

0  42 

440 

£  1  uu 

Wiugate,  N.  Mex  . 

July   15 

Heiishaw 

4.24 

3  52 

0  68 

0  80 

441 

O  inn 

do 

July   15 

do 

3  97 

3  28 

0  62 

0  75 

442 

2  iun. 

.  .     .do  

July   15 

do  

3.  95 

3.  15 

0.65 

0  73 

794 

$  ad. 

Gila  River,  Ariz  

Sept.  17 

....do  .... 

4.17 

3.45 

0.59 

0.77 

l')6.  Contopus  borealis,  (Sw.) — Olive-sided  Flycatcher. 

Common  at  Apache,  Ariz,  in  August,  keeping  chiefly  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  the  river.    Also  noticed  further  south  on  the  Gila. 

Upper  mandible  black,  lower  light-brown;  legs  and  feet  black. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

584 

o  ad 

Apache,  Ariz  

Auo1.    2 

Henshaw 

4.15 

2  93 

0  70 

0  60 

597 

$  ad. 

do  

Aug.  23 

....do  .... 

4.30 

2.18 

0.75 

0.64 

107.  Contopus  pertinaxj  Cab. — Coues's  Flycatcher;  Mexican  Olive-sided 

Flycatcher. 

Apparently  a  very  rare  species.  I  met  with  it  but  on  a  single  occa- 
sion, in  the  heavy  pine-woods  near  Apache,  Ariz.  While  riding  along, 
I  was  attracted  by  certain  loud,  harsh,  screaming  notes,  and,  dismount- 
ing, after  much  trouble  and  dodging  among  the  trees,  I  succeeded  in 
getting  a  sight  at  the  authors,  and  found  that  a  pair  of  old  birds  were 
feeding  several  young,  the  latter  being  fully  fledged,  and  not  distin- 
guishable in  colors  at  the  distance  from  the  old.  As  a  result  of  two 
shots  I  obtained  both  the  old  birds,  and  found  them  to  be  this  species. 
The  plumage  was  very  much  worn  and  bleached. 

Iris  brown;  bill  above  black,  below  bright-yellow;  legs  and  feet  black. 


No. 

549 
550 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

$  ad. 
9  ad. 

White  Mountains,  Ariz. 
do  

Aug.  10 
Aug.  10 

Henshaw  . 
....do.... 

4.30 
3.80 

3.72 
3.25 

0.75 
0.75 

0.65 
0.65 

108.  Contopus  virens  (L.),  var.  richardsonii,  Sw. — Western  Wood-Pewee. 

An  especially  abundant  species  at  Inscription  Rock,  N.  Mex.,  where 
both  old  and  young  were  seen  July  23  among  the  cedars.  Common  along 
our  route  in  Eastern  Arizona.  Arboreal  in  its  habits  at  all  seasons. 

Iris  brown;  bill  black;  lower  mandible  yellow;  tip  brown;  feet  black. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date, 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

583 

$  iun. 

Apache  Ariz     ....  .... 

Auo-.  21 

Henshaw  . 

3.40 

2.70 

0.49 

0.49 

594 
714 

783 

$jun. 

$ 
Jun. 

do  
do  

Gila  River,  Ariz   .  

Aug.  22 

Sept.    7 
Sept.  15 

....do  .... 
....do.... 
do  

3.27 
3.30 
3.09 

2.61 
2.66 
2.63 

0.47 
0.53 
0.52 

0.51 
0.51 

0.52 

109.  Empidonax pusillus,  (Sw.) — Little  Flycatcher. 

Seen  occasionally  on  the  streams  about  Apache  in  August. 
Bill  black  above,  pale-brown  beneath. 


REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL  SPECIMENS. 


127 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

560 
Cr>-> 
665 
703 

9  ad. 
c?j»n- 
<?jnn. 
9juu. 

White  Mountains,  Ariz  . 
Apache,  Ariz  
Near  Apache,  Ariz  
do  

Aug.  11 
Aug.  26 
Sept.    8 
Sept.    8 

Henshaw  . 
....do.... 
....do.... 
....do.... 

2.65 
2.56 
2.63 
2.60 

2.45 
2.33 
2.  55 

2.38 

0.51 
0.46 
0.52 
0.52 

0.60 
0.59 
0.60 
0.67 

110.  Empidonax  flaviventris  Bd.,  var.  difficilis,  Bd. — Western  Yellow- 
bellied  Flycatcher. 

As  in  summer,  seems  to  prefer  the  narrow  canons  and  secluded  locali- 
ties.    Common,  and  generally  distributed. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

454 

$  ad 

\Vingate  N  Mex 

July   18 

Henshaw  . 

2.95 

2.63 

0.  53 

0.66 

467 
722 

<?juu. 
9 

Inscription    Rock,   N. 
Mex. 
South  Apache,  N.  Mex. 

July  23 
Sept.    8 

....do.... 
....do.... 

2.54 
2.60 

2.35 

2.40 

0.48 
0.53 

0.64 
0.71 

111.  Empidonax  obscurus,  (Sw.) — Wright's  Flycatcher. 

A  common  and  in  the  fall  a  pretty  generally-distributed  species,  fre- 
quenting not  only  the  copses  and  thickets  of  the  streams,  but  also  the 
groves  of  oaks  and  other  deciduous  trees.  Quick  and  energetic  in  its 
motions.  In  this  respect  in  marked  contrast  to  the  succeeding  species, 
which  it  resembles  somewhat  in  its  appearance. 


No. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

447 

Wingate  N.  Mex    

July   15 

Heushaw  . 

2.70 

2.55 

0.52 

0.68 

479 

518 

Inscription  Rock,  N.  Mex  

July  23 
Auo-    14 

....do.... 
do 

2.80 
2  70 

2.58 
2.60 

0.50 

0.65 
0.70 

666 
696 

do  

do 

Sept.     1 
Sept.    4 

....do.... 
...  do  

2.55 

2.80 

2.  54 
2.55 

0.47 
0.50 

0.65 
0.68 

721 
726 

South  of  Apache,  Ariz  
do  

Sept.  10 
Sept.  10 

....do.... 
....do  .... 

2.60 

2.85 

2.46 
2.60 

0.50 
0.53 

0.70 
0.70 

112.  Empidonax  kammondii,  De  Vesey. — Hammond's  Flycatcher. 

Perhaps  the  most  common  of  the  Empidonaces.  From  Apache  south- 
ward, seen  all  along  the  route,  preferring  generally  the  oak-groves,  from 
the  low  limbs  of  which  trees  it  sallied  forth  after  insects.  Has  the  same 
rather  listless  habits  as  noticed  in  the  summer,  with  less  dash  and  spirit 
than  any  of  the  small  flycatchers. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

681 

i 

Apache  Ariz 

Sept.    2 

Henshaw  . 

2.54 

2.33 

0.40 

0.60 

710 

£ 

....  do  

Sept.    7 

....  do  .... 

2.75 

2.52 

0.42 

0.64 

71.1 

9 

do  

Sept.    7 

....do  .... 

2.61 

2.  56 

0.42 

0.62 

729 

$ 

do  

Sept.  10 

....do.... 

2.64 

2.63 

0.42 

0.69 

728 

9 

do  

Sept.  10 

....do.... 

2.64 

2.43 

0.40 

0.60 

730 

$ 

Gila  River,  Ariz  

Sept.  10 

....do.... 

2.73 

2.45 

0.40 

0.60 

759 

9 

do  

Sept.  10 

....do  .... 

2.75 

2.43 

0.41 

0.65 

772 

$ 

do  

Sept.  15 

....do.... 

2.80 

2.58 

0.40 

0.60 

788 

9 

do  

Sept.  15 

....do.... 

2.50 

2.12 

0.42 

0.59 

948 

9 

Bayard,  N.  Mex  

Sept.  19 

....do.... 

2.  69 

2.48 

0.40 

0.61 

128      EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  IOOTH  MERIDIAN. 


113.  Mitrephorus  fulvifrons  (Giraud),  var.  pallescens,  Cs. — Buff- breasted 

Least  Flycatcher. 

Apparently  a  very  rare  species,  as  it  was  met  with  but  on  two  occa- 
sions. At  inscription  Rock,  ¥.  Mex.,  July  24,  I  observed  a  pair  of  old 
birds  feeding  the  young.  These  latter  were  nearly  full-fledged,  and  had 
evidently  been  raised  in  the  im mediate  vicinity.  In  September  a  single 
immature  bird  was  taken  near  Apache  on  a  small  brush-lined  stream  in 
a  heavy  pine-forest.  Judging  from  the  individuals  seen,  their  habits 
differ  in  no  noteworthy  respect  from  those  of  the  small  flycatchers  gen- 
erally. The  species  was  first  described  and  introduced  into  our  fauna 
by  Dr.  Coues,  who  gives  it  as  a  rare  summer-resident  at  Fort  Whipple, 
Ariz. 

The  x^lumage  of  the  young  differs  from  the  adult  in  the  paler  fulvous 
of  the  under  parts.  There  are  two  bands  of  strong  fulvous  across  the 
wings;  the  tertiaries  are  edged  externally  with  same,  and  also,  with  the 
secondaries,  conspicuously  tipped  with  ashy-white. 


No, 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

480 

481 

$  ad. 
9  ad. 

Inscription  Rock,  N. 
Mex. 
do  

July  24 
July  24£ 

Hensliaw  . 
do 

2.40 
2  28 

2.16 
2  09 

0.42 

0  38 

0.54 
0  53 

482 

o  voiino1 

do 

July   24 

do 

2  25 

1  71 

0  31 

0  54 

483 

9  young 

do  

July   24 

do    . 

2.28 

2.09 

0.38 

0.53 

679 

Q  mn. 

do    .  . 

July  24 

do 

2  20 

2  00 

0  39 

0  61 

114.  Pyrocephalus  rubineus  (Bodd.),  var.  mexicanus,  Scl. — Red  Flycatcher. 
This  beautiful  species  was  found  to  be  not  very  uncommon  in  the  valley 
of  the  Gila  late  in  September.  A  specimen  was  secured  here  September 
25  by  Dr.  Newberry,  jr.,  who  observed  quite  a  number  of  others,  which, 
owing  to  their  shyness,  could  not  be  obtained.  They  were  seen  perch- 
ing upon  the  inezquite-bushes,  whence  they  darted  constantly  forth 
after  insects. 


No. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing.!  Tail. 

| 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

A 

Pueblo  Viejo,  Ariz 

Sept   25 

Newlberrv 

3  22     2  58 

0  51 

0  62 

ALCEDINID^E  (the  Kingfishers.) 

115.  Ceryle  alcyon,  (L.) — Belted  Kingfisher. 

An  occasional  individual  seen  on  the  small  creeks  and  streams.    Quite 
common  on  the  Gila. 

CAPRIMULGID^E  (the  Goatsuckers). 

116.  Chordeiles  popetue  (Vieill.),  var.  lienryi,  Cass. — Western  Night-Hawk. 
Abundant  everywhere  near  streams  and  ponds. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

774 

c^juu. 

Gila  River,  Ariz  

Sept.  14 

Hensliaw 

7  36 

4  18 

0  37 

0  63 

REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


129 


117.  Chordeiles  acutipennis  (Bodd.),  var.  texensis,  Lawr. — Texas  Night- 
Hawk. 

Specimens  obtained  on  the  Gila  River  September  14,  where  it  was 
abundant.  Made  its  appearance  perhaps  half  an  hour  before  dusk, 
keeping  over  the  river,  where,  in  pursuit  of  insects,  it  flew  swiftly  in 
irregular  circles.  The  common  night-hawk  was  also  present  and  associ- 
ating freely  with  it,  though  the  present  species  was  the  most  abundant. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

775 

rf  1U11. 

Gila  River,  Ariz 

Sept.  14 

Henshaw 

6  33 

3  86 

0  25 

0  50 

776 

2jun. 

do  

Sept.  14 

....do.... 

6.76 

4.22 

0.26 

0.50 

118.  Antrostomus  nuttalliij  (Aud.) — Nuttall's  Poorwill. 

In  the  whole  extent  of  region  traversed  by  the  survey  in  Eastern  Ari " 
zona,  this  wbipporwill  was  found  common.  It  was  especially  nuinerou8 
near  Apache  and  in  the  White  Mountains,  and  I  have  heard  them,  in 
the  latter  part  of  August,  half  a  dozen  miles,  singing  soon  after  dusk 
within  a  short  distance  of  each  other.  It  begins  to  fly  but  a  short  time 
before  dusk,  and  on  this  account  is  rarely  met  with  and  difficult  to  pro- 
cure. Should  a  beaten  road  chance  to  pass  through  the  forest,  it  will 
be^found  to  be  a  favorite  hunting-ground.  I  have  often  noticed  that 
they  make  their  first  appearance  in  such  a  spot  just  before  dusk,  and 
remain  in  the  neighborhood  during  the  early  evening.  Probably  the 
well-known  abundance  of  flies  and  insects  which  frequent  such  places 
affords  an  explanation  of  this  habit.  The  males  continue  their  notes 
till  very  late  in  the  season;  for  I  frequently  heard  them  during  the  first 
part  of  October,  and  even  as  late  as  the  17th.  Young  birds  differ  from 
the  adult  in  having  a  lighter,  purer  shade  of  auh  above  and  a  suffusion 
of  cinnamon  over  the  back  and  wings.  Below  is  a  general  fulvous  tint, 
especially  noticeable  on  the  throat-patch. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill 

Tarsus. 

6V?, 

2  iun. 

Apache,  Ariz  . 

Aug.  25 

Henshaw 

5  63 

3  30 

0  40 

0  71 

737 

762 

2  ad. 
9  ad. 

Thirty  miles  south  of 
Apache,  Ariz. 
do      ... 

Sept.  11 
Sept.  12 

....do... 
do 

5.80 
5  70 

3.80 
3  47 

0.42 
0  43 

0.72 
0  69 

763 

762« 

874 

2  ad. 
2  ad. 
2jun. 

do  
do  

Camp  Grant,  Ariz  

Sept.  12 
Sept.  12 
Sept.  26 

....do... 
....do... 
....do.... 

5.87 
5.59 
5.  55 

3.67 
3.48 
3.66 

0.43 
0.41 
0.45 

0.73 
0.73 
0.68 

OYPSELID^E  (the  Swifts). 

119.  Panyptila  saxatiliSj  (Woodh.) — White-throated  Swift. 

This  swift  was  found  in  considerable  numbers  flying  over  some  lofty 
sandstone  cliffs  in  the  neighborhood  of  Wingate.  They  seem  rarely  to 
descend  into  the  canons  and  valleys,  but  pass  to  and  fro  above  "the 
highest  points,  keeping  up  a  shrill  twitter  as  they  dart  by  with  wonder- 
ful velocity.  By  ascending  the  highest  points,  we  succeeded  after  some 
trouble  in  securing  three  specimens.  In  a  large  cave  near  by,  I  saw 

90S 


130     EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 


these  birds  enter  crevices  in  the  rocks  with  food  for  their  young.  In 
approaching  the  nests,  they  flew  with  scarcely  abated  speed,  till  just  at 
the  entrance,  when  their  wings  were  closed,  and  they  glided  in  with 
scarcely  a  perceptible  stop,  it  almost  appearing  as  though  they  literally 
flew  in. 

TROCHILID^E  (the  Hummingbirds). 

120.  Stellula  calliope,  Gld.— The  Oalliope-Hummingbird. 

Though  not  nearly  so  abundant  as  either  Eufous-backed  or  Broad- 
tailed  Hummers,  this  diminutive  species  was  still  by  no  means  rare. 
At  Inscription  Bock,  N.  Mex.,  where  it  was  first  seen,  perhaps  half  a 
dozen  were  found  in  a  two-days'  stay.  At  Apache,  during  the  latter 
part  of  August  and  1st  of  September,  it  was  rather  common  ;  but  in  the 
higher  portions  of  the  White  Mountains,  it  was  most  abundant,  and 
here,  I  doubt  not,  it  finds  its  summer-home.  At  Camp  Grant,  the  27th 
of  August,  it  was  still  present,  though  in  small  numbers. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

470 
474 

$ 
$  ad 

Inscription  Rock,  N.  Mex  
do  

July  23 
July  23 

1.60 
1.47 

1.97 

0.98 

0.60 
0.57 

488 

$  ad 

do                    

July   24 

1.64 

0.95 

0.62 

490 

$  ad. 

.     ...  do  

July  24 

1.45 

0.98 

0.54 

497 

$  ad 

do  

July  24 

1.48 

*0.  98 

0.60 

537 

o  ad 

do             

Aug.     9 

1.63 

0.94 

0.63 

538 

9  ad 

Apache  Ariz 

Au»\     8 

I  63 

0.98 

0  61 

610 

£  iun. 

do      

Aug.  25 

1.65 

0.98 

0.60 

647 

A  ad 

do                         

Auf.  28 

1.50 

0.97 

0.  55 

648 

/?  1UU. 

.  ,  .  do  

Aug.  28 

1.63 

0.99 

0.55 

649 

A  inn 

do 

Auy.  28 

1.63 

1.00 

0.58 

551 

2  ad 

White  Mountains,  Ariz  

1.60 

0.95 

0.58 

552 

2 

.  .  do  

1.64 

X).98 

0.61 

637 

$  ad 

do      

1.47 

0.91 

0.  55 

849 

-t  iun 

Camp  Grant  Ariz                   ... 

1.59 

0.91 

0.57 

121.  Trochilus  alexandrij  Bourc.  &  Muls. — Black-chinned  Hummingbird. 
Two  specimens  of  this  hummer  were  taken  at  Apache  in  August, 
and  a  third  at  Camp  Grant  in  September.  It  is  thus  apparently  rare 
in  this  portion  of  Arizona,  in  which  Territory  it  has  not  hitherto  been 
detected. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

521 

Apache   Ariz 

Aug.     5 

Hpnshaw 

1  77 

1  23 

0  80 

587 

844 

$  jun. 
A  iun 

do   

Camp  Grant,  Ariz 

Aug.  21 
Sept.  24 

....do  .... 
do 

1.68 
1  90 

1.05 
1  17 

0.72 
0  77 

122.  Calypte  annce,  (Lesson.) — Anna  Hummingbird. 

As  this  species  has  been  found  within  our  borders  only  in  the  coast- 
region  of  California,  its  detection  at  Camp  Grant,  Ariz.,  has  widely 
extended  its  distribution.  It  is  likely  that  it  inhabits  the  intermediate 
region  in  greater  or  less  numbers.  At  the  point  where  it  was  found  it 
is  by  no  means  rare,  as  I  saw  in  the  neighborhood  of  twenty  during  the 
four  days  spent  in  collecting  in  this  vicinity.  They  were  always  seen 


REPORT   UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


131 


in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  creeks,  where  only  at  this  late  season 
there  remained  a  few  of  the  bright  flowers  about  which  they  were  seen 
hovering.  Their  large  size  rendered  them  very  conspicuous  among  the 
other  species,  and  as  if  aware  of  this  they  were  much  the  shyest  of  all. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

852 

$ 

Camp  Grant,  Ariz  

Sept.  24 

Henshaw. 

2.00 

1.16 

0.68 

853 

854 

$  ad. 

.  ....  d  o    ..".I!...."!"!!. 

Sept.  24 
Sept.  24 

....do  .... 
..,.do  

1.94 

1.90 

1.15 
1.  37 

0.73 
0.71 

873 

879 

$ 
£  iun 

do  

do 

Sept.  27 
Sept.  27 

....do  .... 
.do 

1.93 
1.95 

1.25 
1.30 

0.68 
0.70 

123.  Selaspliorm  rufus,  (Gmel.) — Rufous-backed  Hummingbird. 

By  far  the  most  abundant  of  the  family  in  New  Mexico  and  Arizona, 
as  shown  in  every  locality  visited  by  our  party.  Quite  numerous  at 
Inscription  Rock,  but  at  Apache  during  the  month  of  August  they 
were  seen  literally  by  hundreds  hovering  over  the  beds  of  brightly- 
tinted  flowers,  which  in  the  mountains  especially  grow  in  the  greatest 
profusion  on  the  borders  of  the  mountain-streams.  This  bird  seems  to 
affect  no  particular  locality,  but  is  about  equally  abundant  on  the  high 
mountains,  in  the  open  tracts  of  pine-woods,  in  the  valleys  and  deep 
canons,  or,  in  fact,  wherever  flowers  are  found.  The  males  are  very 
pugnacious,  and  wage  unremitting  warfare  on  all  the  other  species,  as 
well  among  themselves.  Even  as  late  as  August  it  was  not  uncommon 
to  see  these  birds  still  in  pairs,  and  established  in  certain  areas,  ol 
which  they  appeared  to  consider  themselves  the  sole  possessors,  allow- 
ing no  intruders.  They  manifested  an  especial  animosity  against  the 
Broad-tailed  Hummer,  and,  on  the  appearance  of  one,  would  instantly 
dart  forth  with  shrill,  angry  notes,  and  attack  and  drive  away  the 
intruder,  while  the  female,  sitting  on  some  neighboring  tree,  would 
watch  the  oft  repeated  contest  with  evident  interest  and  solicitude. 
At  Camp  Grant,  during  the  last  days  of  September,  they  were  still 
numerous,  but  after  leaving  this  point  I  did  not  again  see  the  species. 
A  series  of  over  forty  specimens  were  secured,  representing  all  stages 
of  plumage. 


No. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

38 

Deer  Spring  N  Mejc 

July   25 

Newherry 

63 

33 

0  65 

491 

Inscription  Rock.  N.  JVIex 

July   24 

Henshaw 

.80 

.31 

0.68 

495 

do 

July   24 

do 

75 

25 

0  72 

496 

do  

July  24 

do    . 

.94 

.50 

0.72 

53H 

Mountains  near  Apache,  Ariz.  

July   24 

do 

.60 

.30 

0.34 

537 
559 
563 
564 
603 
616 

do  
do  
do  
do  
Apache,  Ariz  
do  

Aug.     5 
Aug.     9 
Aug.     9 
Aug.     9 
Aug.   11 
Aug.  23 

....do  .... 
....do  .... 
....do  .... 
....do  .... 
....do  .... 
do 

.63 
.60 
.59 
.58 
.73 
.74 

.30 
.32 
.27 
.23 
.15 
.25 

0.68 
0.65 
0.62 
0.66 
0.64 
0.71 

624 

888 

do  

Camp  Grant,  Ariz  

Aug.  27 
Sept.  27 

....do  .... 
....do  .... 

.80 
.70 

.28 
.26 

0.66 
0.73 

132     EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 


124.  Selasplwrus  platycercus,  (Sw.) — Broad-tailed  Hummingbird. 

Found  at  same  time  and  in  same  localities  as  the  preceding,  but  not 
nearly  so  abundant.  It  is,  however,  very  numerous,  and  in  certain  local- 
ities, as  at  Inscription  Eock,  exceeded  the  Kufous-backed  in  numbers. 
Like  it,  seems  to  frequent  no  especial  locality,  but  follows  the  range  of 
the  flowers  everywhere. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

91 

$  ad. 

Apache,  Ariz  

Sept.  — 

Ne  wherry  . 

1.88 

1.36 

0.75 

492 
539 
540 
543 

568 
649 

873 

9  ad. 
$  ad. 
$  ad. 
$  ad. 
$  ad. 
$  ad. 
$  ad. 

Inscription  Rock,  N.  Mex  .. 
White  Mountains,  Ariz  
Apache,  Ariz  
White  Mountains,  Ariz  
do  
do  
Camp  Grant,  Ariz  

July  24 
Aug.     9 
Aug.     9 
Aug.     8 
Aug.  12 
Aug.  28 
Sept.  26 

Henshaw  . 
....do  .... 
....do  .... 
....do  .... 
....do  .... 
....do  .... 
....do  .... 

2.02 
1.90 
1.91 
1.95 
1.95 
1.90 
1.98 

1.38 
1.48 
1.38 
1.33 
1.38 
1.33 
1.42 

0.76 
0.73 
0.71 
0.71 
0.64 
0.64 
0.67 

125.  Eugenes  fulgens,  (Sw.) 

SP.  CHAR. — Male :  tail  rather  deeply  emarginated ;  head  above 
violet  purple  ;  rest  of  upper  parts  bronzed  green,  becoming  pure  bronze 
on  the  tail ;  gorget  brilliant  emerald- green,  with  strong  purple  reflec- 
tions ;  lower  portion  of  breast  and  abdomen  opaque  black,  more 
velvety  toward  the  green  of  throat ;  sides  of  body  dull  green ;  wing 
above  and  below  dull  purple;  upper  and  lower  wing-coverts  green; 
crissurn  pale  brownish-gray;  bill  and  feet  black.  Female:  tail  double- 
rounded,  above  dark  metallic-green,  each  feather  edged  with  ashr 
below  dull  white ;  feathers  of  throat  and  fore  part  of  breast  with  dull 
grayish-green  centers  ;  sides  green,  edged  with  ash  ;  wing  dull  purple  ; 
each  feather  of  the  tail  except  the  two  central,  which  are  green  through- 
out, with  broad  purple  band ;  three  outer  tail-feathers  broadly  tipped 
with  dull  white,  which,  on  the  outer,  extends  slightly  further  up  on  the 
outer  web.  Length,  4.61 ;  wing,  2.43  ;  tail,  1.75  ;  bill,  1.09. 

This  fine  species  is  now  for  the  first  time  introduced  into  our  fauna, 
it  never  having  been  before  observed  farther  north  than  the  table  lands 
of  Central  Mexico.  A  female  was  taken  on  a  small  stream  issuing  from 
the  mountains,  at  Camp  Grant,  Ariz.,  September  24,  and  identified 
by  Mr.  G.  N.  Lawrence  as  of  this  species.  When  first  seen,  it  was  being 
pursued  by  another  hummer,  of  which  I  obtained  but  a  glimpse  as 
they  darted  past  through  the  trees,  but  I  have  little  doubt  that  it  was 
a  second  of  the  same  species.  I  think  it  not  unlikely  that  the  species 
will  be  found  to  be  not  uncommon  in  the  mountainous  districts  of  South- 
ern Arizona  and  New  Mexico. 

CucuLiD^a  (the  Cuckoos). 

126.  Geoccocyx  calif ornianus,  (Lesson.)— Koad-Bunner;  Chaparral-Cock. 
From  information  obtained  from  hunters  and  guides,  this  remarkable 

bird  seems  to  be  rather  common  and  generally  distributed  through  the 
valley  of  the  Gila  and  southward.  It  is  of  retiring  habits,  and,  as  it 
keeps  in  the  chaparral  and  thickets,  is  very  likely  to  be  overlooked.  I 
secured  one  of  these  birds  on  the  Gila  in  October.  It  was  sitting 
quietly  on  a  stump,  sunning  itself  in  the  rays  of  the  rising  sun,  and 
had  allowed  several  pack-mules  to  pass  within  twenty  feet  without 


REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


133 


manifesting  alarm.  The  moment,  however,  it  found  itself  observed,  it 
dropped  down,  and  ran  swiftly  a  short  distance,  till  an  uprising  bank 
hid  it  from  view,  when  it  stopped,  and  I  overtook  and  shot  it.  The 
crop  was  nearly  filled  with  grasshoppers  and  a  few  coleopterous  insects. 
Dr.  Newberry  also  procured  a  specimen  at  Fort  Bowie. 


(the  Woodpeckers). 

127.  Picus  villosus,  L.,  var.  harrisii,  Aud.  —  Western  Hairy  Woodpecker. 
The  most  abundant  of  its  tribe  in  the  region  visited  by  the  survey. 

With  a  decided  preference  for  the  pines,  it  yet,  in  the  fall,  is  found 
straggling  all  over  the  country  and  frequenting  the  deciduous  trees 
generally. 

128.  Picus  pubescens  L.,  var.  gairdeneri,  Aud.—  Western  Downy  Wood- 
pecker. 

One  or  two  noticed  among  the  cottonwoods  along  the  Gila  River  in 
October.  The  rarity  of  this  species,  as  compared  with  the  extreme 
abundance  of  the  preceding,  is  very  remarkable. 

129.  Picus  scalaris,  Wagl.  —  Ladder-backed  Woodpecker. 

Not  found  at  Apache,  In  a  canon  thirty  miles  south,  Dr.  Newberry 
shot  one  and  saw  several  others.  Along  the  Gila  and  San  Pedro  Rivers 
it  appeared  to  be  a  rather  common  woodpecker,  noticed  most  often 
about  the  mezquite,  the  trunks  of  which  it  appeared  to  scan  most  care- 
fully for  food.  Its  notes  and  manners  are  much  like  those  of  the  Downy 
Woodpecker. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

736 
900 

$  jun. 

9 

Thirty  miles  south  of 
Apache,  Ariz. 
San  Pedro  Ariz 

Sept.  11 
Oct.     3 

Newberry  . 
Henshaw  - 

4.00 
3.85 

2.71 
2.62 

0.80 
0.77 

0.70 
0.69 

901 

$ 

do  

Oct.     3 

Magnet..  . 

3.88 

2.63 

0.  73 

0.67 

919 

9 

Gila  River,  Ariz 

Oct.  15 

Heushaw  . 

2.69 

0.81 

0.68 

130.  Sphyropicus  varius  (L.),  var.  nuclialis,  Bd.— Red-naped  Woodpecker. 
An  abundant  and  generally  well-distributed  species,  found  among  the 

deciduous  trees. 

131.  Sphyropicns  thyroidcus,  Cass. — Brown-headed  Woodpecker ;  Black- 
breasted  Woodpecker;  Williamson's  Woodpecker. 

Specimens  secured  near  the  headwaters  of  the  Gila,  in  New  Mexico. 
As  in  summer,  found  only  in  the  pine- woods,  where  they  associated  with 
the  bands  of  Nuthatches. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wiug. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

977 
980 
9R1 

$  ad. 
$  ad. 
$  ad. 

Gila  River,  N.  Mex  
do  
do  

Nov.— 
Nov.    5 
Nov.    5 

Henshaw. 
....do  .... 
do  

5.29 
5.43 
5.47 

3.73 
3.70 
3.93 

0.93 
1.00 
0.90 

0.86 
0.85 
0.82 

132.  Centurus  uropygialis,  Bd. — Gila  Woodpecker. 

Not  met  with  farther  north  than  the  valley  of  the  Gila.  Here,  how- 
ever, and  to  the  southward,  it  was  not  uncommon.  The  Giant  Cactus 
(Cereus giganteus),  which  forms  a  most  striking  and  characteristic  feature 


134     EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 


ill  this  region,  bears  all  over  its  body  marks  of  the  work  of  these  birds, 
large  patches  being  dug  entirely  out,  as  though  the  pith  or  sap  was 
sought  for.  Its  trunk,  too,  appears  to  afford  a  favorite  nesting-site,  and 
the  excavations  for  this  purpose  are  often  to  be  seen.  On  the  San 
Pedro,  this  species  was  found  frequenting  the  mezquite-trees.  They 
were  everywhere  very  shy. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

890 
103 
44 

9  ad. 
$  ad. 
$  ad. 

San  Pedro,  Ariz  
Pueblo  Viejo,  N.  Mex  . 
do  

Oct.     2 
Sept.  27 
Sept.  19 

Henshaw  . 
New  berry. 
do  

5.30 
5.40 
5.10 

3.83 

3.87 
3.52 

1.05 
1.28 
1.17 

0.91 

0.88 
0.95 

133.  Melanerpes  torquatus,  (Wils.) — Lewis's  Woodpecker. 

A  few  only  seen  about  Apache,  where  it  was  noticed  circling  about 
the  tops  of  the  high,  isolated  pines.  Dr.  Newberry,  jr.,  reported  it  as 
quite  numerous  in  the  White  Mountains,  where  it  kept  constantly  among 
the  pines. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

700 

O  inn 

Apache  Ariz 

Sept    5 

Heushaw 

6  55 

4  41 

1  05 

0  93 

134.  Melanerpes  formicivorus,  (Sw.) — California!!  Woodpecker. 

In  the  neighborhood  of  Apache,  in  August,  this  was  much  the  most 
abundant  of  the  woodpeckers.  They  showed  extreme  sociability, 
moving  about  in  small  companies  of  from  six  to  twelve,  and  keeping 
constantly  in  the  oak-groves.  When  not  busied  gleaning  insects  among 
the  branches,  they  were  constantly  engaged  in  playing,  chasing  each 
other  in  and  out  among  the  trees,  and  apparently  the  utmost  good-will 
prevailed  in  their  companies. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

86 
529 

2 
9  ad 

Oak  Orchard,  Ariz  
Apache.  Ariz 

Sept.  1 
AUIT*    6 

Newberry  . 
Henshaw  . 

5.17 
5.45 

3.12 
3.45 

1.10 
0.93 

0.75 

0.77 

592 
593 
641 
672 

686 

<?jun. 
<?jnn. 
9  ad. 
* 

do  
do  
do  
do  
do      

Aug.  22 
Aug.  22 
Aug.  28 
Sept.   1 

Sept.  2 

....do  .... 
....do  .... 
....do  .... 
....do  .... 
do  .... 

5.60 
5.47 
5.65 
5.60 
5.45 

3.63 
3.54 
3.70 
3.45 
3.40 

0.98 
0.93 
0.90 
1.02 
1.  10 

0.77 
0.79 
0.76 
0.79 
0.81 

731 

$  jun. 

do  

Sept.  10 

....do  .... 

5.54 

3.30 

1.02 

0.80 

135.  Colaptes  auratus  (L.),  var.  meocicanus,  Sw. — Bed-shafted  Woodpecker. 
Numerous,  without  reference  to  special  locality. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

911 

$  ad. 

San  Francisco  River, 

Oct.  14 

Henshaw  . 

6.37 

4.76 

1.63 

1.13 

Ariz. 

913 

$ 

do  

Oct.  16 

....do  .... 

6.45 

4.90 

1.40 

1.07 

REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


135 


STRIGID^E  (the  Owls). 

136.  Otus  brachyotus,  (Gmel.) — Short-eared  Owl. 

A  single  specimen  obtained  near  Camp  Bowie,  Southeastern  Arizona, 
which  was  the  only  occasion  the  species  was  met  with.  This  bird  was 
started  from  a  low  clamp  of  bushes  on  an  open  plain,  and  flew  in  a 
wild,  uncertain  manner,  as  though  completely  bewildered.  It  proved, 
however,  no  easy  matter  to  get  within  gun  shot  of  it  a  second  time,  and 
several  unsuccessful  attempts  were  made  ere  a  long  shot  brought  it 
down. 

137.  Scops  asio  (L.),  var.  maccalli,  Oass. — Western  Mottled  Owl. 

This  bird  was  very  common,  both  in  Arizona  and  New  Mexico,  and 
is,  I  think,  the  most  numerous  of  the  family  in  this  region.  Whenever 
our  camp  chanced  to  be  made  near  one  of  the  groves  of  oaks,  which  are 
numerous,  these  owls  were  sure  to  be  heard  soon  after  dusk,  and,  not 
infrequently,  several  would  take  up  their  stations  in  a  tree  within  a 
few  feet  of  the  camp-fire,  and  remain  for  an  hour  or  more,  apparently 
to  satisfy  their  curiosity,  uttering,  from  time  to  time,  their  low,  respon- 
sive cries.  Their  notes  vary  much  in  length,  but,  when  full,  consist  of 
two  prolonged  syllables,  with  quite  an  interval  between,  followed  by  a 
rapid  utterance  of  six  or  seven  notes,  which,  at  the  end,  are  run 
together.  They  are  very  sociable  in  their  disposition,  and  as  soon  as 
fairly  dusk  the  first  call  of  a  solitary  bird  may  be  heard  issuing  from 
some  thicket,  where  it  has  remained  in  concealment  during  the  day. 
After  one  or  two  repetitious,  this  will  be  answered  by  another,  perhaps 
half  a  mile  away,  and  soon  by  a  third  and  a  fourth,  and,  as  apparent,  all 
coming  together;  and  I  have  heard  at  least  eight  of  these  owls,  all  con- 
gregated within  a  short  distance  in  the  tree-tops.  When  the  band  was 
complete,  they  would  move  off,  still  apparently  keeping  together,  till 
their  notes  were  lost  in  the  distance. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

WiDg. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

790 

$  ad. 

Gila  River,  Ariz  

Sept.  15 

Henshaw 

6.58 

3.45 

0.  53 

1.32 

895 
907 

$ 
9 

Camp  Grant,  Ariz  
Sau  Pedro,  Ariz 

Sept.  29 
Oct      4 

....do  .... 
do 

6.62 

6  48 

3.45 

3  58 

0.60 
0  54 

1.15 
1  25 

138.  Scops  flammeola,  Licht. — Flauimulated  Owl. 

This  rare  species  has  hitherto  been  known  to  our  fauna  through  a 
single  specimen  taken  at  Fort  Crook,  Gal.  I  think,  however,  that  it 
may  be  not  uncommon  in  Arizona,  though,  like  others  of  this  genus,  its 
strictly  nocturnal  habits  render  it  extremely  liable  to  escape  detection. 
A  fine  specimen  was  secured  by  Dr.  Newberry,  jr.,  in  a  canon  thirty 
miles  south  of  Apache.  Having  shot  a  small  bird,  he  was  pushing 
through  the  brush  to  pick  it  up,  when  this  little  owl  started  from  a  low 
tree,  where  it  was  concealed,  probably  asleep,  and,  alighting  a  few  yards 
distant,  he  shot  it.  At  the  report  of  his  gun,  a  second  flew  out  from  a 
low  bush,  but  was  lost  in  the  thick  brush.  The  following  evening,  when 
returning  to  camp,  gun  in  hand,  I  was  imitating  the  notes  of  the  Screech- 
Owl,  and  was  answered  by  notes  similar  in  character,  but  shorter  and 
weaker.  Stationing  myself  directly  under  an  oak,  the  top  branches  of 
which  I  could  see  outlined  against  the  sky,  and  continuing  the  call,  I 


136     EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 


soon  saw  the  form  of  a  diminutive  owl  clearly  defined  against  the  sky, 
and  I  think  it  probably  was  the  mate  of  the  one  shot.  Upon  shooting, 
the  bird  fell  part  way  down,  but,  recovering  itself,  I  obtained  a  second's 
glimpse  of  it  as  it  flew  out,  and  was  lost  in  the  deep  shadows  of  the 
canon's  sides. 


No. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

735 

Thirty  miles  south  of  Apache, 
Ariz. 

Sept.  11 

Newberry. 

5.28 

2.73 

0.88 

0.82 

139.   Bubo  virginianus  (Gm.),  var.   arcticus,   Swains. — Western  Great 

Horned  Owl. 

The  only  specimen  taken  is  quite  typical  of  the  paler,  grayer  race, 
which  represents  the  Horned  Owl  in  the  West.  The  species  was  very 
abundant,  and  scarcely  a  camp  was  made  but  we  were  made  aware  of 
the  presence  of  these  owls  by  their  loud  hootings  through  the  night. 
During  the  day  they  remain  hidden  in  the  deep,  dark  caiioiis,  or  among 
the  thick  foliage  of  the  largest  cottonwoods. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date.       Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill.     Tarsus. 

793 

9  ad 

Grila  R.i'ver  Ariz 

Sept    17     Henshaw 

14  25 

8  50 

1  66           0.20 

140.  Glaucidium  passerinum  (L.),  var.  caUfornwum,    Scl.— Galiforniau 

Pigmy  Owl. 

This  little  owl  is  apparently  quite  common  in  Arizona  and  New  Mex- 
ico. It  does  not  appear  to  be  at  all  a  nocturnal  species,  but  was  ob- 
served to  be  most  active  in  the  early  morning  and  late  afternoon,  and 
on  one  occasion  was  seen  flying  at  broad  noonday.  Their  notes  are  quite 
similar  to  those  of  the  Mottled  Owl  (scopsmaccalli),  by  imitating  which  I 
succeeded  in  enticing  one,  step  by  step,  till  he  finally  sat  on  the  top  of  a 
small  oak  within  thirty  feet,  and  scanned  my  person  with  evident  aston- 
ishment, and,  I  could  not  help  fancying,  with  an  air  of  abused  confidence. 

A  young  bird  collected  by  Dr.  Newberry,  jr.,  is  quite  appreciably  dif- 
ferent from  the  adult.  The  entire  plumage  has  more  of  a  slaty  tinge, 
while  the  back  and  under  parts  are  strongly  suffused  with  rufous.  The 
head  above  lacks  the  numerous  rounded  reddish-white  spots,  but  each 
feather  has  a  single  elongated  white  spot  at  the  tend  of  the  shaft. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

46 
761 

971 

2jun. 

$ 

$  ad. 

Near  Apache,  Ariz  
Thirty  miles  south  of 
Apache,  Ariz. 
Gi  la  River,  Ariz  

Aug.     9 
Sept.  12 

Oct.    26 

Newberry  . 
Heushaw  . 

do  .  .. 

3.82 

3.58 

3.87 

2.  83 
3.05 

3.05 

0.45 
0.40 

0.47 

0.78 
0.76 

0.88 

141.  Speotyto  eunicularia  (Mol.),  var.  liypugcea,  Bonap. — Burrowing  Owl. 
This  curious  owl  appears  not  to  be  a  very  abundant  resident  either  in 
Arizona  or  New  Mexico,  at  least  in  those  portions  visited  by  the  survey 
during  the  past  season.  They  prefer  the  lower  plains,  and  are  not  found, 
I  think,  at  a  higher  altitude  than  6,000  feet.  Near  Zuiii,  N.  Mex.,  Forts 


REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


137 


Grant  and  Bowie,  Ariz.,  and  a  few  other  places,  they  were  seen  always 
about  the  settlements  of  the  prairie  dogs.  Their  sight  in  the  day  ap- 
pears to  be  remarkably  good,  and,  as  all  I  saw  were  very  shy,  it  proved 
to  be  no  easy  matter  to  get  within  shooting-distance.  Their  flight  is 
rather  laborious  and  irregular,  and  they  do  not  fly  to  any  great  distance 
when  alarmed,  but  try  to  hide  in  the  mouths  of  the  prairie-dog-holes, 
though  I  never  saw  one  take  refuge  in  them. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

<m 

o 

Camp  Bowie,  Ariz  

Oct.      9 

Henshaw  . 

6.66 

3.40 

0.55 

1.73 

FALCONIDJE  (the  Falcons). 

142.  Falco  saker  (Schleg.),  var.  polyagrus,  Cass. — Prairie-Falcon. 

Seen  at  several  points  in  Arizona  and  New  Mexico.  In  habits,  shy 
and  solitary.  I  never  observed  it  hunting  its  prey,  but  when  flying  it 
maintains  a  direct  course  through  the  air  from  point  to  point,  and  pro- 
gresses very  swiftly  by  short,  powerful  strokes  of  the  wings.  Its  flight 
is  sufficiently  peculiar  to  distinguish  it  from  any  other  hawk  with  which 
I  am  acquainted. 

Bill  bluish,  black  at  tip  ;  feet  lead-color. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

974 

<?jun. 

Gila  River,  N.  Mex  

Nov.     1 

Henshaw  . 

11.  55 

7.00 

0.77 

1.85 

143.  Falco  columbarius,  L. — Pigeon-Hawk. 

I  am  quite  confident  that  I  saw  this  species  once  or  twice  in  Southern 
Arizona,  and  at  least  once  in  New  Mexico,  on  the  upper  sources  of  the 
Gila.  It  is  given  by  Dr.  Goues,  in  his  list  of  "  Birds  of  Fort  Whipple," 
as  a  common  resident. 

144.  Falco  femoralis,  Temm.— Aplomado-Falcon. 

A  hawk  was  seen  in  a  mountainous  locality  near  Camp  Bowie,  South- 
eastern Arizona,  which  was  without  doubt  of  this  species.  It  was  about 
the*  size  of  a  Cooper's  Hawk,  and,  as  it  passed  rapidly  by  within  fair 
shooting-distance,  the  black  band  across  the  abdomen  was  very  con- 
spicuous. It  has  twice  been  taken  on  our  southern  border. 

145.  Falco  sparverius,  L. — Sparrow-Hawk. 

Common  everywhere,  both  in  Arizona  and  New  Mexico,  breeding  in 
the  holes  of  trees  along  the  streams.  Seems  rarely  to  trouble  the  small 
birds,  but  lives  almost  exclusively  upon  grasshoppers,  of  which  it  finds 
a  great  abundance. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

586 

$  ad. 

Camp  Apache,  Ariz  .  .  . 

Aug.     4 

Henshaw  . 

7.22 

5.23 

0.45 

1.45 

73 

9juu. 

do  

Sept.  13 

Magnet.  .. 

7.44 

5.55 

0.50 

1.40 

138     EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 


146.  Pandion  haliaetus  (L.),  var.  carolinensis,  Ginel. — Fish-Hawk. 

An  occasional  Fish-Hawk  was  seen  busily  employed  in  its  vocation  on 
the  small  streams.  On  the  Gila,  however,  which  is  plentifully  stocked 
with  fish,  it  seems  to  find  a  congenial  home,  and  is  quite  abundant 
along  its  banks. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

938 

$ 

Gila  River,  N.  Hex.... 

Sept.  17 

Magnet  .. 

18.00 

8.50 

1.13 

2.08 

147.  Circus  cyaneus  (L.),  var.  liudsonius,  L. — Marsh-Hawk. 

A  common  hawk  in  Arizona  and  New  Mexico,  but  here,  as  elsewhere, 
confined  rather  exclusively  to  the  vicinity  of  marshes  and  water-courses. 
I  noticed  many  on  the  creeks  about  Camp  Grant,  where  they  were 
remarkably  tame  and  unsuspicious. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

851 

9jun. 

Camp  Grant,  Ariz  

Sept.  24 

Henshaw. 

13.40 

8.60 

0.63 

2.86 

148.  Nisusfuscus,  (Ginel.) — Sharp-shinned  Hawk. 

Quite  common,  both  in  Arizona  and  New  Mexico.  Preys  much  upon 
small  birds;  the  doves  (Zenaidura  carolinensis)  suffering  much  from  its 
attacks. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

867 

875 

<?jun- 
cTjrm- 

Camp  Grant,  Ariz    
do  

Sept.  24 

Sept.  27 

Henshaw  . 
.  .  .  do  

6.88 
6.80 

5.72 

5.90 

0.40 
0.40 

1.90 

1.80 

914 

$  ad. 

Gila  River,  Ariz   

Oct.    16 

....  do.... 

8.10 

6.60 

0.53 

2.17 

149.  Nisus  cooperi,  (Bon.) — Cooper's  Hawk. 

An  abundant  species  throughout  Eastern  Arizona  and  Western  New 
Mexico.  While  sitting  in  my  tent  one  day  at  Apache,  I  noticed  one  of 
these  hawks  making  repeated  attacks  upon  a  raven.  It  would  force  the 
raven  to  take  refuge  in  a  tree,  and  then  fly  to  some  neighboring  perch 
and  take  its  stand.  The  moment  the  persecuted  raven  essayed  to  move 
away,  the  hawk  flew  out  and  swooping  down  upon  it  struck  it  and 
again  forced  it  to  cover.  This  was  repeated  several  times,  and  appar- 
ently for  no  other  reason  than  for  the  amusement  of  the  hawk,  though, 
judging  from  the  discontented  squawks  and  cries  which  the  abused 
raven  gave  vent  to,  the  pleasure  was  by  no  means  mutual.  So  engrossed 
was  the  falcon  in  this  sport  that  it  allowed  me  unnoticed  to  walk  up 
within  a  few  feet,  when  my  gun  settled  the  dispute. 

Bill  bluish-black;  legs  and  feet  yellow. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

616 

Apaclie  Ariz 

Auo-.  26 

Henshaw  . 

10.30 

9.75 

0.68 

2.65 

802 

899 

$jun. 
$juu. 

Goodwin  ,  Ariz  
San  Pedro,  Ariz  

Sept.  20 
Oct.      1 

....do  .... 
....do  .... 

10.50 
10.70 

9.75 
9.75 

0.70 
0.71 

2.64 

2.58 

REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


139 


150.  Buteo  swaimoni,  Bon. — Swainson's  Hawk. 

At  Gamp  Grant,  Ariz.,  in  the  latter  part  of  September,  this  hawk 
was  present  in  very  large  numbers,  and  they  seemed  to  have  centered 
in  this  spot  from  the  surrounding  country.  About  a  mile  below  the 
post,  out  on  the  plain,  the  stream  was  bordered  by  some  large  cofcton- 
woods,  and  these  were  habitually  used  as  roosting-places  by  the  turkey- 
buzzards  and  hawks  conjointly,  as  the  whitened  appearance  of  the 
branches  and  the  ground  below  testified,  as  well  as  the  fetid  odor  in 
their  vicinity.  Hawks  and  buzzards  appeared  to  be  on  terms  of  the 
most  intimate  companionship  with  each  other,  and  one  tree  often  held 
seven  or  eight  of  either  birds.  The  buzzards  seemed  if  anything  rather 
the  shyer  of  the  two,  and  were  generally  the  first  to  start,  when  imme- 
diately the  whole  band  would  leave  their  perches,  and  begin  circling 
in  the  air,  gradually  ascending  higher  and  higher  till  out  of  danger, 
and  thus  continue  wheeling  about  till  the  coast  was  clear,  when  all 
would  again  resume  their  perches.  After  leaving  these,  and  getting 
fairly  on  the  wing,  which  they  did  rather  clumsily,  the  flight  of  this 
hawk  is  firm  and  easy,  and  as  they  gradually  soar  higher  and  higher  in 
circles,  their  flight  bears  no  little  resemblance  to  that  of  the  buzzards, 
though  it  is  less  powerful  and  not  so  well  sustained.  Indeed,  when 
thus  mingled  with  the  buzzards,  the  general  resemblance  is  rather  strik- 
ing. I  am  not  aware  that  these  hawks  feed  upon  carrion,  though  that 
they  occasionally  do  so  is  not  unlikely.  The  crops  of  all  those  shot 
were  found  fairly  crammed  with  grasshoppers ;  and  as  these  insects 
were  very  abundant,  the  hawks,  as  a  matter  of  course,  were  very  fat. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Length. 

Stretch. 

W. 

T. 

C. 

Tar. 

870 

9  ad. 

Camp    Grant, 

Sept.  26 

Henshaw  . 

18.86 

47.74 

15.  31 

9.32 

0.84 

2.12 

Ariz. 

Bill  black  ;  cere  yellow  ;  legs  and  feet  yellow. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Cul. 

Tarsus. 

871 

$  ad. 

Camp  Grant,  Ariz  

Sept.  26 

Henshaw. 

15.15 

8.50 

0.84 

2.70 

No. 

Sex, 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Length 

Stretch. 

W. 

T. 

C. 

Tar. 
2.49 

876 

<?jun- 

Camp    Grant, 
Ariz. 

Sept.  26 

Henshaw  . 

18.74 

47.  24 

14.74 

8.62 

0.80 

Iris  brown ;  cere  greenish-yellow ;   base  lower  mandible  and  edge 
along  gape  greenish-yellow ;  legs  and  feet  yellow. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Collector. 

Length. 

Stretch. 

W. 

T. 

C. 

0.85 

Tar. 
2.49 

877 

$  ad. 

Camp  Grant,  Ariz  

Henshaw  . 

19.  00 

47.86 

15.00 

8.49 

140     EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 
Iris  dark-brown  ;  cere  greenish-yellow  ;  legs  and  feet  yellow. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

894 

9  ad. 

Camp  Grant,  Ariz  

Sept.  29 

Henshaw. 

16.20 

8.50 

1.00 

2  78 

151.  Buteo  borealis  (Gmel.),  var.  calurus,  Caesin. — Western  Bed- tailed 
Hawk. 
A  wide-spread  species,  seen  occasionally  during  the  season. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

687 

$  ad. 

Apache,  Ariz          . 

Sept.     1 

Hensbaw 

14  65 

9  50 

I  00 

3  27 

152.  Haliaetm  lucocephalus  (L.) — American  Eagle;  Bald  Eagle. 

An  adult  pair  of  these  magnificent  birds  was  seen  in  a  canon  a  few 
miles  south  of  Apache.  A  solitary  bird  was  to  be  seen  now  and  then, 
perched  OD  some  lofty  dead  stub  overlooking  a  stream,  and  apparently 
on  the  watch  for  fish.  As  Fish-Hawks  are  by  no  means  numerous,  the 
eagles  are  compelled  to  have  recourse  to  their  own  resources,  and  do 
their  own  fishing  and  hunting  to  a  much  greater  extent  than  upon  the 
coast,  where  their  successful  attempts  at  robbing  the  Osprey  are  well 
known.  Among  the  Zuiii  Indians,  these  birds  are  highly  prized,  as 
affording  the  feathers  with  which  they  deck  themselves  at  their  sacred 
feasts  and  dances.  At  the  pueblo  Zuni,  I  saw  perhaps  a  dozen  kept  in 
wicker-iuclosures.  They  presented  a  most  lamentable  appearance,  as 
their  bodies  were  devoid  of  feathers,  which  had  been  plucked  out  long 
before.  The  quills  and  tail-feathers  are  especially  valued. 

CATHARTIDJE  (the  American  Vultures). 

153.  EhinogrypJms  aura  (L.) — Red-headed  Vulture. 

The  turkey- buzzard  is  found  throughout  Eastern  Arizona  and  West- 
ern Xew  Mexico,  where  it  congregates  on  the  outskirts  of  the  settle- 
ments, and  feeds  upon  the  refuse  and  carrion  which  may  fall  in  its  way. 
At  Apache  and  Camp  Grant  it  was  particularly  numerous,  and  at  the 
latter  place  freely  associated  with  the  Swaiuson's  Hawk  (B.  swainsonii). 
The  quills  of  this  bird  are  generally  used  by  the  Indians  to  feather  their 
arrows. 

COLUMBID^E  (the  Pigeons). 

153.  Columba  fasciata,  Say. — Band- tailed  Pigeon. 

Of  the  habits  of  this  beautiful  pigeon  I  am  able  to  add  nothing  to 
what  is  already  known.  At  Apache,  Ariz.,  further  north  than  which  I 
did  not  meet  with  it,  I  obtained  a  single  specimen,  August  21.  In  pass- 
ing southward  from  here,  during  September  I  saw  an  occasional  flock, 
on  one  occasion  at  least  two  hundred.  They  were  generally  engaged  in 
picking  up  seeds,  and  betrayed  the  utmost  shyness,  so  that  I  found  it 
impossible  to  either  observe  their  habits  or  procure  specimens. 

Iris  red  5  bill  yellow,  black  at  tip ;  legs  and  feet  yellow. 


REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


141 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

582 

£  ad 

Apaclie  Ariz 

Aue.  21 

Henshaw. 

8.80 

6.60 

0.62 

0.98 

154.  Melopelia  leucoptera,  (L.) — White- winged  Dove. 

A  single  bird  obtained  on  the  Gila  River,  in  New  Mexico,  and  the 
only  one  seen.  I  am,  therefore,  inclined,  to  consider  it  as  a  rare  species, 
though  probably  occurring  in  Eastern  Arizona. 


No. 
973 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

$ 

Gila  River,  N.  Mex  

Oct.  28 

Henshaw. 

6.23 

5.32 

0.79 

0.90 

155.  Zenaidura  carolinensis,  (L.) — Common  Dove. 

Abundant  throughout  Eastern  Arizona.  Being  rarely  molested,  they 
seem  to  have  no  fear  of  man,  and  at  Apache,  where  they  were  especially 
numerous,  were  accustomed  to  remain  about  our  camp  all  day. 

MELEAGRID^:  (the  Turkeys). 

15C.  Meleagris  gallopavo  (L.) — Mexican  Turkey. 

The  wild  turkey  is  found  abundantly  from  Apache  throughout  the 
mountainous  portion  of  Southeastern  Arizona.  In  New  Mexico  it  was 
met  with  further  to  the  north,  in  the  mountains,  and  I  was  informed  by 
Colonel  Alexander  that  he  had  found  them  in  large  numbers  in  the 
Raton  Mountains,  in  extreme  Northern  New  Mexico.  It  breeds  abun- 
dantly through  the  White  Mountains,  Arizona,  and  about  the  middle  of 
August  several  broods  of  the  young,  about  two  thirds  grown,  were  met 
with.  Toward  the  head  of  the  Gila,  in  New  Mexico,  the  canons,  in 
November,  were  found  literally  swarming  with  these  magnificent  birds ; 
in  many  places  the  ground  being  completely  tracked  up  where  they  had 
been  running.  As  many  as  eleven  were  killed  by  the  members  of  a 
party  during  a  day's  march.  They  roost  at  night  in  the  large  cotton- 
woods  by  the  streams,  and  soon  after  daylight,  having  visited  the 
stream,  they  usually  betake  themselves  to  the  dry  hills,  where  they 
feed,  in  the  fall,  at  least,  almost  exclusively  upon  the  seeds  of  grasses 
and  grasshoppers.  I  think  they  return  once  or  twice  during  the  day  to 
drink,  the  dry  nature  of  their  food  rendering  a  copious  supply  of  water 
necessary.  In  these  wilds,  they  appear  to  be  wholly  unsuspicious,  and 
without  knowledge  of  danger  from  man,  and,  if  not  shot  at,  will  allow 
one  to  get  within  a  few  yards  without  manifesting  any  distrust.  They 
rarely  fly,  except  when  very  hard  pressed,  but,  when  alarmed,  run  with 
such  rapidity  as  to  quickly  outstrip  the  fleetest  foot,  betaking  them- 
selves to  the  steep  sides  of  the  ravines,  which  they  easily  scale,  and 
soon  elude  pursuit.  Apparently,  the  only  dangers  they  have  to  fear  in 
these  regions  are  from  birds  of  prey,  which  attack  the  young,  but  more 
especially  from  the  panthers.  In  certain  portions  of  the  Gila  Canon, 
the  tracks  of  these  animals  were  very  numerous,  and  always  these 
sections  appeared  to  have  been  entirely  depopulated  of  Turkeys,  an 
occasional  pile  of  feathers  marking  the  spot  where  one  had  fallen  a 


142     EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 


victim  to  one  of  these  animals.  The  molt  is  protracted  till  very  late,  as, 
though  completed  by  November  157  many  of  the  feathers  were  but 
partially  developed,  with  the  stems  still  soft. 

TETRAONID^  (the  Grouse). 

157.  Canace  obscura  (Say). — Dusky  Grouse. 

A  rather  common  inhabitant  of  the  White  Mountains,  Arizona. 
Quite  a  number  were  shot  in  August,  and  on  the  15th  Dr.  Newberry,  jr., 
saw  a  female  with  young,  probably  a  second  brood.  This  locality  is 
much  further  to  the  south  than  the  bird  was  known  to  range.  I  think, 
however,  that  it  will  be  likely  to  be  found  extending  in  the  mountains 
well  down  to  our  southern  border. 

PERDICID^E  (the  Partridges). 

158.  LopJiortyx  gambelii,  Nutt. — Gambel's  Partridge. 

Met  with  by  Dr.  JSTewberry,  jr.,  a  few  miles  south  of  Santa  Fe.  It 
here,  however,  is  not  nearly  so  abundant  as  to  the  southward,  in 
Arizona  and  New  Mexico.  At  Apache,  they  were  quite  numerous, 
living  in  the  river-bottom  and  feeding  upon  seeds  and  insects.  Near 
Mount  Turn  bull,  also,  1  saw  many  bevies,  though,  from  the  apparently 
waterless  condition  of  the  canons  where  they  were  found,  it  was  not 
easy  to  see  how  they  could  exist.  In  the  wilderness,  they  are  very  shy 
and  wild,  but  near  settlements  they  seem  to  lose  their  suspicion  some- 
what, and  are  much  more  easily  approached.  They  are  extremely  loath 
to  take  wing,  and,  as  they  run  very  swiftly,  it  is  no  easy  matter  to  force 
a  bevy  to  fly,  but,  when  once  started,  their  flight  is  swift  and  strong, 
and  usually  protracted  to  a  considerable  distance.  They  rarely  squat 
under  cover,  as  the  well-known  Bob  White  is  wont  to  do,  but  usually 
take  the  shortest  route  to  the  nearest  rocky  hill,  up  which  they  run, 
and  where  it  is  useless  to  attempt  pursuit.  From  the  above  character- 
istics, it  will  at  once  be  seen  that  this  bird  has  few  qualities  to  attract 
the  sportsman. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

777 

$  ad 

Grila  River,  Ariz 

Sept.  15 

Henshaw  . 

4  33 

3.98 

0.52 

1  23 

H91 

$  ad. 

Camp  Grant,  Ariz  

Sept.  27 

....do.... 

4.47 

4.18 

0.50 

1.23 

967 

$  ad. 

Gila  River,  N.  Mex  

Oct.  25 

....do  .... 

4.43 

3.93 

0.45 

1.17 

968 

$  ad. 

do  

Oct.  25 

....do.... 

4.37 

3.73 

0.45 

1.20 

159.  Callipepla  squamata,  (Vigors.) — Scaly  Partridge. 

Camp  Grant  was  the  only  locality  where  this  quail  was  seen. 
A  single  small  bevy  was  met  with  among  the  bushes  on  the  dry  plain. 
They  appeared  remarkably  unsuspicious,  and  were  very  loath  to  tgke 
wing,  but,  when  they  did  so,  flew  a  long  distance,  keeping  nearly 
together,  and  on  alighting  began  to  run  with  remarkable  speed,  and 
soon  eluded  pursuit. 

Description  of  young. — Head  above  grayish- brown,  each  feather  of 
crest  centrally  streaked  with  white;  prevailing  color  of  back  ashy- 
brown  ;  tertiaries  and  interscapular  region  mottled  transversely  with 
rufous  and  black;  wing-coverts  centrally  streaked  and  tipped  with 
white;  throat  ashy-white;  under  parts  generally  washed  with  rufous, 


REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


143 


and  banded,  most  distinctly  on  sides,  with  transverse  blackish-brown 
bars ;  tail  above  with  indistinct  bands,  producing  the  general  effect  of 
mottlings  of  dark-brown  and  white;  bill  dark-brown  above,  lighter 
below:  legs  and  feet  light-brown  (in  skin). 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Win-. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

625 

626 

$  ad. 

Camp  Grant,  Ariz  
do 

Sept.  22 
Sept.  22 

Henshaw  . 
do 

4.  63 
4  41 

3.59 
2  80 

0.48 
0.45 

1.12 
1,02 

160.  Cijrtonyx  massena,  (Lesson). — Massena  Partridge. 

This  beautiful  partridge  is  quite  a  common  resident  in  the  White 
Mountains,  near  Apache,  Ariz.,  where,  in  summer,  it  seems  to  shun  the 
open  valleys,  and   keeps  in  the  open  pine-woods,  evincing  a    strong 
preference  for  the  roughest,  rockiest  localities,  where  its  stout  feet  and 
long,  curved,  strong  claws  are  admirably  adapted  to  enable  it  to  move 
witli  ease.     August  10,  while  riding  with  a  party  through  a  tract  of 
piuy  woods,  a  brood  of  eight  or  ten  young,  accompanied  by  the  female, 
was  discovered.     The  young,  though   but  about  a  week  old,  rose  up 
almost  from  between  the  feet  of  the  foremost  mule,  and  after  flying  a 
few  yards  dropped  down,  and  in  a  twinkling  were  hidden  beneath  the 
herbage.     At  the  moment  of  discovery,  the  parent  bird  rose  up,  and 
then,  tumbling  back  helplessly  to  the  ground,  imitated  so  successfully 
the  actions  of  a  wounded  and  disabled   bird   that,  for  a  moment,  I 
thought   she   must  have  been   trodden   upon   b}7  one  of  the  mules. 
Several  of  the  men,  completely  deceived,  attempted  to  catch  her,  when 
she  gradually  fluttered  off,  keeping  all  the  time  just  beyond  the  reach 
of  their  hands,  till  she  had  enticed  them  a  dozen  yards  away,  when  she 
rose  and  was  off  like  a  bullet,  much  to  their  amazement.    From  Apache 
southward,  the  species  appeared  to  be  quite  numerous,  always  showing 
its  predilection  for  rocky  hills  and  rough  canons.    In  the  canons  of 
the   Gila   River,  toward  its  sources,  in  New  Mexico,  in  October  and 
November,  they  were  met  with  frequently,  and  scarcely  a  day  passed 
without  three  or  four  bevies  being  flushed.    At  this  season  they  keep 
in  small  bevies,  and  I  do  not  remember  to  have  ever  seen  more  than  ten 
together,  and   usually  from  four  to  eight.     Their  tameuess  and  utter 
want  of  suspicion  is  very  remarkable,  and  the  more  so  when  contrasted 
with  the  wild,  timid  nature  of  the  Gambel's  Partridge,  inhabiting  the 
same  region.     I  have  ridden  so  close  to  a  bevy  sitting  among  the  rocks, 
that,  leaning  down,  I  could  have  almost  touched  them  with  my  hand. 
When  a  bevy  is  flushed,  they  usually  separate,  and  fly  strongly  and 
swiftly  in  a  straight  line,  dropping  down  into  the  first  convenient  cover. 
They  lie  well,  requiring  to  be  almost  kicked  up  before  taking  wing. 
The  species  was  found  in  New  Mexico  as  far  north  as  Tulerosa. 

Description  of  young  male. — Upper  parts  pale-brown,  each  feather  with 
a  medial,  sharply-defined  streak  of  pale-ochraceous,  and  barred  with  black 
across  the  webs;  wing  coverts  ashy,  with  transverse  oval  or  rounded  spots 
of  deep  black  on  opposite  webs  ;  primaries  and  secondaries  banded  trans- 
versely with  white  spots;  head  grayish- white  laterally  and  beneath  ;  the 
whole  throat  unspotted;  a  dark-brown  spot  on  the  auriculars;  the  region 
above  and  below  finely  streaked  with  dusky;  crown  more  brownish, 
spotted  with  black,  and  with  whitish  shaft-streaks;  lower  parts  pale- 
gray,  inclining  to  plumbeous  on  middle  of  breast,  each  feather  with  a 
terminal  deltoid  spot  of  white,  bordered  anteriorly  by  a  narrow  bar  of 


144     EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 


black;  abdomen  tinged  with  ochraceous ;  anal  region,  tibiae,  and  coisstim 
velvety-black. 

Chick. — Head  above  brownish,  with  an  occipital  patch  of  chestnut- 
brown  ;  a  small  black  spot  behind  the  eye;  crest,  of  five  feathers,  just 
appearing,  each  feather  streaked  centrally  with  white,  bordered  by 
blackish-brown;  upper  parts  brown,  each  feather  streaked  centrally 
with  white,  and  with  two  to  three  transverse  spots  of  black;  under  parts 
dull-white,  each  feather  with  transverse  spottings  of  blackish-brown. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

565 

965 
%6 

$  ad. 
<?jun. 

$  JUD. 

White     Mountains, 
Ariz. 
Gila  River,  N.  Mex.. 
do  

Aug.  12 

Oct.    26 
Oct.    26 

Henshaw  .  . 

...do  .. 
....  do 

4.87 

4.66 
4.52 

2.55 

2.27 
2  20 

0.55 

0.60 
0.55 

1.16 

1.09 
1.04 

969 

A  iun. 

do 

Oct.    26 

do 

4  76 

2  26 

0  56 

1  13 

970 

rt  iuii. 

do 

Oct.    26 

do 

4  93 

2  00 

0  58 

1  09 

979 

9  ad. 

Tulerosa,  N.  Mex. 

Nov.   15 

do     .. 

4.95 

2  47 

0.59 

1.09 

995 
94 

9  ad. 
2  ad 

Gila  River,  N.  Mex.. 
Apache  Ariz 

Nov.   15 
Sept    13 

....do  
Newberry 

4.90 
4  60 

2.35 

2  07 

0.  55 
0  59 

1.17 
1  12 

<J  ad. 

South  of  Apache,  Ariz. 

Lieutenant 

4.75 

0.60 

1.15 

Tilman. 

(the  Plovers). 

161.  JEgialitis  vociferus,  (L.) — Killdeer-Plover. 
Met  with  till  into  November. 

SCOLOPACID^E  (the  Snipes). 

162.  Gallinago  wilsoni,  Temm. — Wilson's  Snipe. 

In  the  fall,  a  few  were  met  with,  here  and  there,  in  the  marshy  spots 
about  springs,  and  even  along  the  open  shores  of  small  streams,  where 
they  appeared  strangely  out  of  place,  running  along  the  banks  and 
searching  for  food  much  like  true  Shore  Snipes.  A  few  probably  winter. 

163.  Macrorhamphus  griseus  (Gm.) — Red-breasted  Snipe. 
Apparently  an  uncommon  visitor  in  Arizona.    A  pair  were  taken  at 

Mimbres  by  Dr.  Newberry,  jr.    They  are  in  the  plumage  hitherto  known 
as  var.  scolopaceus,  which  is  now  referred  by  Dr.  Coues  to  the  true 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

138 

A  ad. 

Mimbres,  Ariz    .  .   

Oct.    22 

Newberry. 

5.80 

2.70 

2.50 

1.50 

137 

$  ad. 

do  

Oct.    22 

do  .... 

6.00 

2.80 

3.00 

1.60 

164.  Ereunetes  pusillus,  (L.) — Sernipalmated  Sandpiper. 

Small  flocks  of  these  little  sandpipers  were  noticed  in  the  marshy 
spots  near  tbe  river  at  Apache.  During  the  migrations,  they  are  doubt- 
less generally  distributed,  occurring  along  the  water-courses  in  small 
numbers. 


REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


145 


No. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

81 

Aug.  29 

Newberry. 

3.74 

1.78 

1.05 

0.88 

644 

.  do 

Au<«-.   28 

Henshaw  . 

3.63 

1.83 

0.88 

0.83 

165.  Actodromus  bairdiij  Cs. — Baird's  Sandpiper. 

Seen  along  the  Zuni  Biver  in  small  numbers,  and  again  at  Apache. 
Nowhere  common. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

80 

<j> 

Apache.  Ariz 

Aug.  29 

Newberry 

4  68 

2  13 

0  91 

0  93 

618 

^iun 

do 

Auo-    26 

Honsliaw 

4  60 

2  28 

0  92 

0  83 

619 

$jun. 

do  

Aug.   26 

....do.... 

5.00 

2.33 

0'.90 

0.87 

619a 

<?jun. 

do  

Aug.   26 

....do.... 

4.65 

2.02 

0.90 

0.83 

643 

$ 

do  

Aug.  28 

....do.... 

4.62 

2.05 

0.86 

0.83 

166.  Actodromus  minutilla,  (Vieill.) — Least  Sandpiper. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill, 

Tarsus. 

645 

0 

Apache  Ariz 

Aug    28 

Henshaw 

3  36 

1  77 

0  73 

0  73 

167.  RhyacopMlus  solitarius,  (Wils.) — Solitary  Sandpiper. 

After  the  latter  part  of  July,  quite  common,  in  companies  of  five  or 
six,  along  the  small  water-courses.  Several  observed  near  Apache  on  a 
small  pond  in  the  high  pine-woods. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

84 

0 

Apaclie  Ariz 

July  29 

Newberry 

5  29 

2  47 

1  24 

1.24 

509 
510 
541 
546 

548 
650 

$ 
$ 
9 

"~2~" 

Cave  Spring,  Ariz  
do  
Near  Apache,  Ariz  
do  
do  
do  

Aug.     1 
Aug.     1 
Aug.  ;  9 
Aug.  10 
Aug.  10 
Aug.  28 

Hensha'w  . 
....do.... 
....do.... 
....do.... 
....do  .... 
....do  .... 

5.  50 
5.22 
5.25 
5.12 
5.23 
5.35 

2.66 
2.32 
2.27 
2.33 
2.35 
2.55 

1.20 
1.25 
1.20 
1.29 
1.17 
1.20 

1.23 
1.24 
1.20 
1.26 
1.20 
1.16 

168.  Tringoides  macularius,  (L.) — Spotted  Sandpiper. 
Frequents  the  water-courses. 

BECURYIROSTRID^  (the  Stilts). 

169.  Recurvirostra  americana,  Gm. — American  Avocet. 
Common  on  the  Colorado  Chiquito  in  August.     (Newberry.) 

10  o  s 


146     EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  100TH  MERIDIAN. 

,  GRUID^  (the  Cranes). 

170.  Grus  canadensis,  L. — Brown  Crane;  Sandhill-Crane. 

A  few  seen  in  the  valleys  along  the  streams.  It  is  fond  of  frequent- 
ing the  old  stubble-fields  in  the  vicinity  of  settlements. 

TANTALID^E  (the  Ibises). 

171.  Ibis  guarauna,  (L.) — White-faced  Ibis. 

A  specimen  was  brought  to  me  at  Apache  by  an  Indian,  which  he 
had  shot  with  his  rifle.  Not  seen  elsewhere. 

ARDEIDJE  (the  Herons). 

172.  Ardea  herodias,  L. — Great  Blue  Heron. 
Of  common  occurrence  along  the  streams. 

173.  Herodias  alba  (L.),  var.  egretta,  (Gin.) — Great  White  Egret. 

A  single  individual  was  seen  on  a  small  creek  at  Camp  Grant,  but 
was  so  wary  that  all  attempts  to  capture  it  proved  unavailing.  One 
seen  also  on  the  San  Pedro  Biver. 

174.  Butorides  virescens,  (L.) — Green  Heron. 
One  seen  at  Camp  Grant. 

175.  Nyctiardea  grlsea  (L.),  var.  ncevia,  Bodd. — Mght-Heron. 
Several  seen  on  the  Colorado  Chiquito  by  Dr.  Newberry,  jr. 

BALLID^E  (the  Bails). 

176.  Eallus  virginianus,  L. — Virginia  Bail. 

Two  were  put  up  from  a  bed  of  reeds  along  the  Apache  Biver. 

177.  Porzana  Carolina,  (L.) — Carolina  Bail. 

Two  seen  in  same  locality.     (Dr.  Newberry,  jr.) 

178.  Fulica  americana,  Gm. — Coot. 

Abundant  on  the  San  Pedro  Biver,  Arizona,  the  first  oi  October. 
Many  also  seen  in  a  beaver-pond  near  Tulerosa,  &.  Mex. 

ANATID^E  (the  Ducks). 

From  the  dry  and  generally  waterless  nature  of  much  of  the  country 
traversed  by  the  survey,  comparatively  few  of  the  waders  and  swimmers 
were  seen.  Occasionally,  however,  in  places  suited  to  their  habits,  as 
the  sloughs  along  the  San  Pedro  Biver,  they  were  seen  to  be  abundant, 
and  a  few  were  seen,  from  time  to  time,  on  the  small  streams.  Without 
doubt,  the  greater  proportion  of  the  ducks  found  in  Western  Interior 
occur  during  the  migrations  in  Arizona  and  New  Mexico. 

179.  Dafila  acuta,  (L.) 
Abundant  on  the  San  Pedro. 


REPORT    UPON    ORNITHOLOGICAL    SPECIMENS. 


147 


180.  Anas  boschas,  L. 
Frequent. 

181.  Nettion  earolinensis,  (Gm.) — Green  winged  Teal. 
1-82.  Querguedula  discors,  (L.) — Blue-winged  Teal. 

These  two  species  are  perhaps  the  most  common  and  generally-dis- 
tributed of  the  family.  Nearly  every  little  stream  and  pond-hole  con- 
taining sufficient  water  to  float  them  will  be  found  occupied  by  a  flock 
of  either  of  the  two  species,  or  often  both  mingled  together. 

183.  Spatula  clypeata,  (L.) — Shoveler. 
Numerous. 

184.  Erismatum  rubida,  (Wils.) — Buddy  Duck. 

One  shot  at  the  Old  Crater,  south  of  Zuni,  ET.  Mex. 

LARID^E  (the  Gulls  and  Terns). 

185.  Sterna  hirundo,  L. — Common  Tern. 

A  single  specimen  was  shot  on  the  San  Pedro  Eiver,  Arizona,  in  Sep- 
tember. The  river  at  this  point  was  but  a  small  stream,  perhaps  twenty 
feet  across,  and  the  bird  was  flying  slowly  up  this,  closely  scanning  the 
water  for  fish.  The  most  western  point  at  which  this  bird  has  hitherto 
been  known  to  occur  is  Wisconsin. 


No. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Bill. 

Tarsus. 

897 

9jun. 

SaD  Pedro  River,  Ariz  . 

Sept.    3 

Henshaw  . 

9.75 

4.83 

1.10 

0.70 

LIST  OF  EGGS  COLLECTED  INT  1873. 


No. 

jSTame. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

155 

Turdus  migratorius  

Garland,  Colo  

June       — 

H.  W.  Henshaw,  2  eggs. 

14Q 

do 

June         7 

Do 

151 

Turdus  fuscescens 

do       

June         7 

TT.  W\  Henshaw  4  eg^s. 

9,55 

Oreoscoptos  montanus  

Alkali  lakes,  Colo  

June       22 

Do. 

34 

do 

Wingate 

July        14 

Dr.  Newberry  2  eo'gs 

051 

July        14 

H  W  Henshaw  4  e<ra's 

203 

Dendroica  sestiva  

Alkali  lakes,  Colo  

June       22 

H.  W.  Henshaw,'  5  eggs. 

337 

Pooca;tes  var.  confinis 

Garland  Colo  . 

H.  W.  Henshaw,  4  e'r»s. 

R9 

do 

South  Park  Colo 

July         1 

Dr  Rothrock  2  eggs 

IWR 

Pipilo  chlorurus 

Garland  Colo 

June       10 

H.  W.  Henshaw  6  e^gs. 

97! 

Troglodytes  var.  parkmanni 

do         

July       — 

H.  W.  Henshaw,  2  eggs. 

968 

TVlmatodytes  palustris 

Alkali  lakes  Colo 

H.  W  Henshaw  1  eg<r. 

R5 

Chondcstes  granimaca 

Colorado           

Juiv       — 

Dr.  Rothrock,  4  eggs. 

418 

Scol.  cyanocephalus  

Garland,  Colo  

June-July 

H.  W.  Henshaw,  30  <  u-s. 

404 

Xan.  icterocephalus 

do 

June       23 

H.  W.  Henshaw,  2  e>r"s. 

1% 

do 

June       19 

H.  W  Henshaw  3  eg^s 

o->,; 

Petroch.  lunifrons 

do 

H.  W.  Henshaw,  16  eg^s. 

104 

Sel.  platycercus  

do    

June  14-19 

H.  W.  Heushaw,  4  eggs. 

451 

Zeiiaidura  carolinensis 

Denver  Colo 

May    5-14 

H.  W.  Henshaw  16  e^erg. 

454 

Canace  obscura         

Kio  Grande,  Colo     

June       16 

H.  W.  Henshaw,  1  egg. 

518 
517 

Himantopus  nigricollis  
Recurvirostra  americana     .  .. 

Alkali  lakes,  Colo  
do       

June       22 
June       22 

H.  W.  Henshaw,  4  eggs. 
Do. 

519 

do 

June       23 

H.  W.  Henshaw  10  e^s 

40Q 

Podicepa  auritus  var.  californicus 

...do 

June       23 

H.  W.  Henshaw,  23  eggs. 

5.59 

Fulica  americana        

do    

June       23 

H.  W.  Henshaw,  35  eggs. 

148     EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  JOOTH  MERIDIAN. 

LIST  OF  NESTS  COLLECTED  IN  1873. 


No. 

Name. 

Locality. 

Date 

Collector. 

369 

Turdus  var  audubonii       

Garland,  Colo  

June 

7 

H.  W.  Henshaw 

151 

do 

June 

1(> 

H  ~W  Heushaw  (2  nests 

368 

do 

g 

built  together). 
H  W  Henshaw 

396 

do 

June 

.» 

Do 

331 

do              

do  

June 

20 

Do. 

82 

South  Park  Colo 

Julv 

Dr  Rothrock 

4^0 

do                                      

Garland,  Colo  

July 

11 

H.  W.  Henshaw. 

B5 

Colorado 

Julv 

Dr  Rothrock 

397 

Pipilo  

Alkali  lakes  Colo 

H.  W  Henshaw 

365 

Pipilo  chlorurus  

Rio  Grande  River,  Colo.  . 

June 

15 

Do. 

406 

Garland  Colo 

June 

81 

Do 

156 

Scolecopha°'us  cyanocephalus 

do  

May 

07, 

Do. 

155 

do 

do 

Mav 

27 

Do 

71 

Small  Flycatcher                       .   - 

South  Park,  Colo    

June 

30 

Dr.  Rothrock. 

30 

Denver  Colo 

June 

10 

Do 

31 

do 

do    . 

June 

10 

Do 

351 

Selasphorus  platycercus  

Rio  Grande,  Colo  

June 

14 

H.  W.  Henshaw. 

365 

do 

Garland  Colo 

June 

10 

Do 

31 

Zenaidura  carolinensis 

Denver,  Colo  

June 

10 

Dr.  Rothrock 

n 

do 

do 

Do 

LIST  OF  STERNA  COLLECTED  IN  1873. 


No. 

Name. 

Sex. 

Locality. 

Date. 

Collector. 

390 

Recurvirostra  americana 

cf    ad 

Alkali  lakes  Colo 

June  21 

391 

do 

0    ad 

do 

Do 

389 

do  

cf    ad. 

do  

June  21 

Do. 

308 

Hiinantopus  nigricollis 

o 

do 

June  22 

Do 

417 

Querquedula  cyanoptera  . 

cf    ad. 

.do 

June  23 

Do 

30fi 

^Egialitis  montanus  

cf    ad. 

Garland,  Colo  

June  10 

Do. 

307 

°  do 

j1 

do 

June  10 

Do 

309 

Picicorvus  columbianus  

cf    ad. 

Rio  Grande,  Colo 

June  10 

Do. 

310 

do 

j1 

do 

Do 

190 

.do                     .         ...... 

ff 

Garland  Colo 

May  29 

Do. 

616 

Falco  polyagrus  

$  jun. 

Apache,  Ariz  

Aug.  26 

Do. 

64 

do 

Denver  Colo 

May  12 

Do 

35 

Nisus  fuscus  

do 

May     9 

Do. 

977 

Myiadestes  townsendii  

cf 

Garland,  Colo  

June    6 

Do. 

503 

Calamospiza  bicolor 

^ 

Pescao  N.  Mex 

July  25 

Do 

414 

Podiceps,  var.  californicus  

cf    ad. 

Alkali  lakes,  Colo 

June  23 

Do. 

61° 

Antro.  nuttalli 

o  jun 

Aug   25 

Do 

90 

do  

cf 

Denver  Colo 

May  15 

Do 

990 

Sphy.  thyroideus  

o 

Garland,  Colo  

June    3 

Do. 

Oiq 

do 

cf    ad 

do 

June    3 

Do 

935 

do  

cf    ad. 

...   .  do 

June    3 

Do. 

«9R 

do 

tf 

do 

May  20 

Do 

934 

do  

cf    ad. 

do 

June    4 

Do. 

991 

Picoides  dorsalis  

do    

June    3 

Do. 

OflO 

Perisoreus  var.  capitalis 

cf    ' 

do 

May  30 

Do 

994 

do  

C) 

.do       .... 

June    3 

Do. 

90-} 

do 

do 

May  30 

Do 

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